dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene and Pregnancy studies

Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.

Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" DDT and the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin, are used to control malaria."	8.12	Maternal exposure to DDT, DDE, and pyrethroid insecticides for malaria vector control and hypospadias in the VHEMBE birth cohort study, Limpopo, South Africa. ( Acerini, CL; Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Crause, M; Eskenazi, B; Obida, M; Rauch, S, 2022)
" DDT, DDE, and biomarkers of inflammation (immunoglobulins A, G and M, interleukins 1β, 6, and 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were quantified in plasma."	7.96	Exposure to DDT from indoor residual spraying and biomarkers of inflammation among reproductive-aged women from South Africa. ( Archer, JI; Bornman, R; Cupul-Uicab, LA; Kudumu, MO; Travlos, GS; Whitworth, KW; Wilson, RE, 2020)
"p, p'-DDT was associated with breast cancer through age 54 years."	7.91	DDT and Breast Cancer: Prospective Study of Induction Time and Susceptibility Windows. ( Cirillo, PM; Cohn, BA; Terry, MB, 2019)
"We investigated associations between maternal DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolite concentration and child infection associations in an IRS setting in which susceptibility factors are common and infections are leading causes of child morbidity and mortality."	7.88	Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort. ( Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Huang, J; Rauch, S, 2018)
"To evaluate whether higher levels of prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT increase the risk of having diarrhea in a birth cohort of boys from tropical Mexico."	7.85	In utero exposure to DDT and incidence of diarrhea among boys from tropical Mexico. ( Cupul-Uicab, LA; Hernández-Ávila, M; Longnecker, MP; Terrazas-Medina, EA, 2017)
"We did not find a significant positive relation between in utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old children."	7.79	In utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old Mexican-American children in the CHAMACOS cohort. ( Aguilar Schall, R; Barr, D; Bradman, A; Eskenazi, B; Harley, KG; Warner, M, 2013)
"We explored whether prenatal organochlorine compound (OC) concentrations [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)] were associated with overweight at 6."	7.78	Prenatal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDE, and DDT and overweight in children: a prospective birth cohort study. ( Grimalt, JO; Martinez, D; Mendez, MA; Sunyer, J; Torrent, M; Valvi, D; Vrijheid, M, 2012)
"This study examined whether exposure to pesticides, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), was associated with longer time to pregnancy (TTP)."	7.74	DDT exposure, work in agriculture, and time to pregnancy among farmworkers in California. ( Barr, DB; Bradman, A; Eskenazi, B; Harley, KG; Marks, AR, 2008)
"To assess potential effects of human DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] exposure, we evaluated the reproductive history of 2,033 workers in the antimalaria campaign of Mexico."	7.72	Reproductive effects of occupational DDT exposure among male malaria control workers. ( Borja-Aburto, VH; Cerón-Mireles, P; Gallardo-Díaz, E; Loomis, D; Salazar-García, F, 2004)
"p,p'-DDE was also associated with gestational hypertension (OR = 1."	5.48	Exposure to DDT and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among South African women from an indoor residual spraying region: The VHEMBE study. ( Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Crause, M; Eskenazi, B; Gaspar, FW; Murray, J; Obida, M, 2018)
"Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies."	5.40	Chlordecone exposure, length of gestation, and risk of preterm birth. ( Cordier, S; Costet, N; Kadhel, P; Monfort, C; Multigner, L; Rouget, F; Thomé, JP, 2014)
"The relationship of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure and breast cancer risk has received increasing attention since the beginning of the 1990s."	4.82	Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane burden and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence. ( López-Carrillo, L; López-Cervantes, M; Tobías, A; Torres-Sánchez, L, 2004)
"Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) or pyrethroid insecticides are sprayed inside dwellings for malaria vector control, resulting in high exposure to millions of people, including pregnant women."	4.12	Prenatal Exposure to Insecticides and Weight Trajectories Among South African Children in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort. ( Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Kim, J; Moodie, EEM; Obida, M; Yang, S, 2022)
" DDT and the pyrethroids cypermethrin and deltamethrin, are used to control malaria."	4.12	Maternal exposure to DDT, DDE, and pyrethroid insecticides for malaria vector control and hypospadias in the VHEMBE birth cohort study, Limpopo, South Africa. ( Acerini, CL; Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Crause, M; Eskenazi, B; Obida, M; Rauch, S, 2022)
"The Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort in South Africa, measured concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in maternal serum and pyrethroid metabolites (cis-DBCA, cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, and 3-PBA) in maternal urine collected during pregnancy."	4.12	In-utero exposure to DDT and pyrethroids and child behavioral and emotional problems at 2 years of age in the VHEMBE cohort, South Africa. ( An, S; Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Kogut, K; Maphula, A; Obida, M; Rauch, SA, 2022)
"We estimated associations of prenatal serum concentrations of 17 POPs, namely 5 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 6 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and 4 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), with Wide Range Achievement Test-4 reading composite scores at age 8 years in 161 children from a pregnancy and birth cohort (Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment [HOME] Study, 2003-present) in Cincinnati, OH."	3.96	Prenatal exposure to a mixture of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and child reading skills at school age. ( Braun, JM; Calafat, AM; Chen, A; Dietrich, KN; Jandarov, R; Lanphear, BP; McCandless, L; Sjödin, A; Vuong, AM; Xie, C; Yolton, K; Zhang, H, 2020)
" DDT, DDE, and biomarkers of inflammation (immunoglobulins A, G and M, interleukins 1β, 6, and 8, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid-A, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were quantified in plasma."	3.96	Exposure to DDT from indoor residual spraying and biomarkers of inflammation among reproductive-aged women from South Africa. ( Archer, JI; Bornman, R; Cupul-Uicab, LA; Kudumu, MO; Travlos, GS; Whitworth, KW; Wilson, RE, 2020)
"p, p'-DDT was associated with breast cancer through age 54 years."	3.91	DDT and Breast Cancer: Prospective Study of Induction Time and Susceptibility Windows. ( Cirillo, PM; Cohn, BA; Terry, MB, 2019)
"We investigated associations between maternal DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolite concentration and child infection associations in an IRS setting in which susceptibility factors are common and infections are leading causes of child morbidity and mortality."	3.88	Maternal Peripartum Serum DDT/E and Urinary Pyrethroid Metabolite Concentrations and Child Infections at 2 Years in the VHEMBE Birth Cohort. ( Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Huang, J; Rauch, S, 2018)
"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabo- lite, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) can disturb the secretory function of the ovary and both contractions and secretory function of the uterus during the estrus cycle and pregnancy."	3.88	The protein expression disorders of connexins (Cx26, Cx32 and Cx43)and keratin 8 in bovine placenta under the influence of DDT, DDE and PCBs. ( Kotwica, J; Młynarczuk, J; Wojciechowska, A, 2018)
"To evaluate whether higher levels of prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT increase the risk of having diarrhea in a birth cohort of boys from tropical Mexico."	3.85	In utero exposure to DDT and incidence of diarrhea among boys from tropical Mexico. ( Cupul-Uicab, LA; Hernández-Ávila, M; Longnecker, MP; Terrazas-Medina, EA, 2017)
" Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,-bis-4-chlorophenyl-ethane (DDT) and its metabolite 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-4-chlorophenyl-ethene (DDE) (for 24 or 48h) at doses of 1, 10 or 100ng/ml on the function of cow placentome sections in the second trimester of pregnancy."	3.85	Changes in the mRNA expression of structural proteins, hormone synthesis and secretion from bovine placentome sections after DDT and DDE treatment. ( Kotwica, J; Mlynarczuk, J; Wojciechowska, A, 2017)
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed in utero-, during lactation- and directly to 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), 1,1,-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) and a mixture of DDT, deltamethrin (DM), p-nonylphenol (p-NP) and phytoestrogens, at concentrations found in a malaria-area."	3.83	Effects of environmental endocrine disruptors, including insecticides used for malaria vector control on reproductive parameters of male rats. ( Bornman, MS; de Jager, C; Joubert, AM; Naidoo, V; Patrick, SM; Pitts, N, 2016)
"Two phthalate metabolites (MEHHP, MOiNP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and p,p´-DDE were most consistently predictive of term birth weight based on elastic net penalty regression."	3.83	Prenatal Phthalate, Perfluoroalkyl Acid, and Organochlorine Exposures and Term Birth Weight in Three Birth Cohorts: Multi-Pollutant Models Based on Elastic Net Regression. ( Bonde, JP; Heederik, D; Jönsson, BA; Lenters, V; Lindh, CH; Piersma, AH; Portengen, L; Rignell-Hydbom, A; Rylander, L; Toft, G; Vermeulen, R, 2016)
"In a Spanish birth cohort study, the POPs dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs-congeners 153, 138, 180) were measured in maternal serum collected in the first trimester of pregnancy during 2003-2008."	3.80	Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and rapid weight gain and overweight in infancy. ( Ballester, F; Garcia-Esteban, R; Goñi, F; Grimalt, JO; Ibarluzea, J; Llop, S; Marina, LS; Mendez, MA; Sunyer, J; Valvi, D; Vizcaino, E; Vrijheid, M, 2014)
"We did not find a significant positive relation between in utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old children."	3.79	In utero DDT and DDE exposure and obesity status of 7-year-old Mexican-American children in the CHAMACOS cohort. ( Aguilar Schall, R; Barr, D; Bradman, A; Eskenazi, B; Harley, KG; Warner, M, 2013)
"We explored whether prenatal organochlorine compound (OC) concentrations [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)] were associated with overweight at 6."	3.78	Prenatal concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls, DDE, and DDT and overweight in children: a prospective birth cohort study. ( Grimalt, JO; Martinez, D; Mendez, MA; Sunyer, J; Torrent, M; Valvi, D; Vrijheid, M, 2012)
" Maternal serum concentrations of DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were measured during pregnancy."	3.78	Pre-natal exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene and infant lower respiratory tract infections and wheeze. ( Ballester, F; Basterrechea, M; Blarduni, E; Esplugues, A; Gascon, M; Grimalt, JO; Martínez, D; Morales, E; Sunyer, J; Vizcaino, E; Vrijheid, M, 2012)
"Our goal was to determine the association of serum levels of HCB, DDT, and DDE with implantation failure, chemical pregnancy, and spontaneous abortion in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) from 1994 to 2003."	3.78	Association of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. ( Berry, K; Cramer, DW; Ehrlich, S; Hauser, R; Mahalingaiah, S; Maity, A; Meeker, JD; Missmer, SA; Perry, MJ; Williams, PL, 2012)
"This study, although based on a limited number of cases, for the first time provides evidence of an association between maternal exposure to EDCs, in particular elevated plasma hexachlorobenzene concentration, and the development of hypospadias in the offspring."	3.76	Maternal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and hypospadias in offspring. ( Abballe, A; De Felip, E; di Domenico, A; Ferro, F; Figà-Talamanca, I; Giordano, F; Grammatico, P; Ingelido, AM; Marra, V; Marrocco, G; Vallasciani, S, 2010)
"A cohort of women followed from preconception through pregnancy or up to 12 menstrual cycles without pregnancy was given their individual serum concentrations for lead, dichloro-2,2-bisp-chlorophenyl ethylene, and select polychlorinated biphenyl congeners."	3.76	Communicating serum chemical concentrations to study participants: follow up survey. ( Buck, AJ; Cooney, MA; Louis, GM; McGuinness, BM; Vena, JE, 2010)
"A case-control study was designed to investigate the possible effects of DDT and its metabolites on pregnancy and fertilization rate outcome."	3.75	Outcome of in-vitro fertilization treatment and DDT levels in serum and follicular fluid. ( Al-Mayman, H; Al-Saleh, I; Al-Shahrani, A; Billedo, G; Coskun, S; El-Doush, I; Jaroudi, K; Mashhour, A; Mohamed, G, 2009)
"In this study, the authors' objective was to determine whether serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) are associated with thyroid function during pregnancy."	3.74	Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides on thyroid function during pregnancy. ( Barr, DB; Bradman, A; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Holland, N, 2008)
"This study examined whether exposure to pesticides, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), was associated with longer time to pregnancy (TTP)."	3.74	DDT exposure, work in agriculture, and time to pregnancy among farmworkers in California. ( Barr, DB; Bradman, A; Eskenazi, B; Harley, KG; Marks, AR, 2008)
"To assess potential effects of human DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane] exposure, we evaluated the reproductive history of 2,033 workers in the antimalaria campaign of Mexico."	3.72	Reproductive effects of occupational DDT exposure among male malaria control workers. ( Borja-Aburto, VH; Cerón-Mireles, P; Gallardo-Díaz, E; Loomis, D; Salazar-García, F, 2004)
" 10 mg day of the estrogenic homologs o,p-DDT, o,p-DDE, and dda, as well as allegedly nonestrogenic forms of the pesticide, p,p-DDT and o,p-DDD, were given by gavage from days 15-19 of pregnancy."	3.65	Effects of ddt homologs administered to female rats during the perinatal period. ( Gellert, RJ; Heinrichs, WL, 1975)
"Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine insecticide with estrogenic properties that was used in the French West Indies (1973-1993) and is still present in the soil and the water and food consumed by the local population."	1.72	Prenatal and childhood exposure to chlordecone and adiposity of seven-year-old children in the Timoun mother-child cohort study in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). ( Cordier, S; Costet, N; Kadhel, P; Lafontaine, A; Michineau, L; Monfort, C; Multigner, L; Rouget, F; Thomé, JP, 2022)
"Maldescended testes or cryptorchidism is a genital birth defect that affects 2-9% of all male new-borns."	1.56	Exposure to polychlorinated compounds and cryptorchidism; A nested case-control study. ( Axelsson, J; Dillner, J; Lindh, CH; Rignell-Hydbom, A; Rylander, L; Scott, K; Zhang, H, 2020)
"DDT and DDE were associated with lower total T4 among boys only (β = -0."	1.51	Sex and poverty modify associations between maternal peripartum concentrations of DDT/E and pyrethroid metabolites and thyroid hormone levels in neonates participating in the VHEMBE study, South Africa. ( Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Crause, M; Eskenazi, B; Obida, M; Rauch, S, 2019)
"p,p'-DDE was also associated with gestational hypertension (OR = 1."	1.48	Exposure to DDT and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among South African women from an indoor residual spraying region: The VHEMBE study. ( Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Crause, M; Eskenazi, B; Gaspar, FW; Murray, J; Obida, M, 2018)
" A pharmacokinetic model of gestational and lactational exposure was used to estimate children's p,p'-DDT/E levels during pregnancy and the first two years of life, and estimated levels were compared to measured levels."	1.48	Early-life exposure to p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE in South African children participating in the VHEMBE study: An assessment using repeated serum measurements and pharmacokinetic modeling. ( Bornman, R; Chevrier, J; Eskenazi, B; Ngueta, G; Rauch, S; Verner, MA, 2018)
"o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE were quantified in cord serum by high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry."	1.43	Associations of maternal o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE levels with birth outcomes in a Bolivian cohort. ( Arrebola, JP; Bonde, JP; Cuellar, M; González-Alzaga, B; Mercado, LA, 2016)
"The findings support that chronic obstructive lung diseases may have at least part of their origins in early life."	1.43	Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and offspring allergic sensitization and lung function at 20 years of age. ( Bech, BH; Dahl, R; Granström, C; Halldorsson, TI; Hansen, S; Hoffmann, HJ; Kiviranta, H; Linneberg, A; Maslova, E; Olsen, SF; Rantakokko, P; Rytter, D; Strøm, M, 2016)
"Childhood obesity was defined using age- and sex-specific cut points for body mass index (BMI) as recommended by the International Obesity Task Force."	1.42	Association of Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Traits in Early Childhood: The Rhea Mother-Child Cohort (Crete, Greece). ( Chalkiadaki, G; Chatzi, L; Fthenou, E; Georgiou, V; Karachaliou, M; Kiviranta, H; Kogevinas, M; Kyrtopoulos, SA; Oken, E; Rantakokko, P; Sarri, K; Vafeiadi, M; Vassilaki, M; Venihaki, M, 2015)
"Chlordecone is an organochlorine pesticide that has been extensively used to control the banana root borer population in the French West Indies."	1.40	Chlordecone exposure, length of gestation, and risk of preterm birth. ( Cordier, S; Costet, N; Kadhel, P; Monfort, C; Multigner, L; Rouget, F; Thomé, JP, 2014)
"23 cases each of preterm labor and full term labor were included in the study."	1.35	Maternal and cord blood levels of organochlorine pesticides: association with preterm labor. ( Ahmed, RS; Banerjee, BD; Guleria, K; Makhijani, SD; Pathak, R; Sharma, CS; Tripathi, AK, 2009)
"Increasing rates of cryptorchidism and hypospadias in human populations may be caused by exogenous environmental agents."	1.33	Organochlorine pesticides and male genital anomalies in the child health and development studies. ( Bhatia, R; Eskenazi, B; Farhang, L; Petreas, M; Shiau, R; Weintraub, JM, 2005)
"Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) has been shown to reduce the duration of breast feeding in two studies."	1.33	Maternal concentration of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) and initiation and duration of breast feeding. ( Brooks, K; Davis, S; Fussman, C; Karmaus, W, 2005)
" The concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in sera of the dosed mice were determined by the Serozyme kits (Bio-Ekon biotechnology Co."	1.33	[Study on reproductive and developmental toxicity of the pregnant mice and their foetus co-administered by p, p'-DDE and beta-BHC]. ( Chen, L; Liu, GH; Mo, SX; Yang, KD, 2006)
" The chemical was dosed by gavage to pregnant dams at 10 or 100 mg/kg body wt from gestation day 14 to 18."	1.30	Impaired male sexual development in perinatal Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans hooded rats exposed in utero and lactationally to p,p'-DDE. ( Archibeque-Engle, S; Casanova, M; Fan, LQ; Heck, HA; Sar, M; You, L, 1998)
" Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed by gavage in corn oil with either 10 or 100 mg DDE per kg body wt per day from Gestation Day (gd) 14 to 18."	1.30	Transplacental and lactational transfer of p,p'-DDE in Sprague-Dawley rats. ( Archibeque-Engle, S; Casanova, M; Conolly, RB; Gazi, E; Heck, HA; You, L, 1999)
"The flutamide treatment had little effect on CYP enzyme expression."	1.30	Modulation of testosterone-metabolizing hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes in developing Sprague-Dawley rats following in utero exposure to p,p'-DDE. ( Archibeque-Engle, S; Bruce, JM; Casanova, M; Chan, SK; Corton, JC; Heck, H; You, L, 1999)
" Pregnant Long-Evans rats were dosed by gavage from Gestation Day 14 to 18 at 0, 10 (low dose), or 100 (high dose) mg DDE, or 40 mg flutamide/kg body wt (bw)/day (in utero treatment)."	1.30	In utero exposure to antiandrogens alters the responsiveness of the prostate to p,p'-DDE in adult rats and may induce prostatic inflammation. ( Brenneman, KA; Heck, H; You, L, 1999)
" This treatment also resulted in a higher level of radioactivity in the adrenals of the pups than in the maternal adrenals, both at a subtoxic and at a toxic dose."	1.28	Adrenocortical toxicity of 3-methylsulphonyl-DDE; 3: Studies in fetal and suckling mice. ( Bergman, A; Brandt, I; Jönsson, CJ; Lund, BO, 1992)
"Birth weight, head circumference, and neonatal jaundice showed no relationship to PCBs or DDE."	1.27	Neonatal effects of transplacental exposure to PCBs and DDE. ( Carreras, N; Gladen, BC; Hardy, P; McKinney, JD; Rogan, WJ; Thullen, J; Tinglestad, J; Tully, M, 1986)
" Residues were determined in milk at 5-day intervals during the 60-day dosing period and for 60 days after dosing was stopped."	1.26	Hexachlorobenzene retention and excretion by dairy cows. ( Fries, GF; Marrow, GS, 1976)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	39 (13.13)	18.7374
1990's	17 (5.72)	18.2507
2000's	91 (30.64)	29.6817
2010's	112 (37.71)	24.3611
2020's	38 (12.79)	2.80

Trial	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Nuts and Olestra for Persistent Organic Pollutant Reduction (NO-POPs) Trial: A Pilot Investigation[NCT02675101]	45 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Completed
Study of DDT and Loss of Clinically Recognized Pregnancies in South Africa[NCT00878098]	513 participants (Actual)	Observational	2009-06-01	Completed
Hospital-Based Phthalate Exposure in Very Low Birth Weight Neonates[NCT01420029]	81 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-08-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Age at menarche and chemical exposure: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dichloro-diphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Annals of human biology, 2023, Volume: 50, Issue:1 Topics: DDT; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dichloroethylenes; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Fluoroc	2023
Maternal pesticide exposure and its relation to childhood cancer: an umbrella review of meta-analyses. International journal of environmental health research, 2022, Volume: 32, Issue:7 Topics: Birth Weight; Child; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Female; Humans; Infant; Leukemia; Maternal E	2022
Pesticide exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes: review of the epidemiologic and animal studies. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews, 2013, Volume: 16, Issue:3-4 Topics: Animals; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; DDT; Developmental Disa	2013
Prenatal exposure to DDE and PCB 153 and respiratory health in early childhood: a meta-analysis. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2014, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bronchitis; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene;	2014
Persistent organochlorine pollutants and human reproductive health. Danish medical journal, 2014, Volume: 61, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Female;	2014
Developmental neurotoxicity of persistent organic pollutants: an update on childhood outcome. Archives of toxicology, 2015, Volume: 89, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Child; Child, Preschool; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylen	2015
Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Infant Growth: A Pooled Analysis of Seven European Birth Cohorts. Environmental health perspectives, 2015, Volume: 123, Issue:7 Topics: Body Height; Body Weight; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; En	2015
Persistent organochlorinated pollutants (PCB, DDE, HCB, dioxins, furans) and the thyroid--review 2008. Endocrine regulations, 2008, Volume: 42, Issue:2-3 Topics: Adult; Animals; Autoimmune Diseases; Child; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dioxins; Environmenta	2008
Birth weight and prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE): a meta-analysis within 12 European Birth Cohorts. Environmental health perspectives, 2012, Volume: 120, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Cohort Studies; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Environmental Pollutants; Eu	2012
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane burden and breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence. Environmental health perspectives, 2004, Volume: 112, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breast Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; DD	2004
Insecticides in breast milk. Nutrition reviews, 1977, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Drug Stability; Environmental Polluta	1977
Maternally mediated exposure of the fetus: in utero exposure to lead and other toxins. Neurotoxicology, 1986,Summer, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Calcium; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dichlorodiphenyldichloroet	1986
The effects of organochlorine insecticides and their metabolites on breeding birds. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement, 1973, Volume: 19 Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Birds; Breeding; Calcium; DDT; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Dieldri	1973

Article	Year
Prenatal exposure to PCBs and infant performance on the fagan test of infant intelligence. Neurotoxicology, 2000, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infa	2000
Perinatal metabolism of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in Nicaraguan mothers. Environmental research, 2001, Volume: 86, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; Female; Fetal	2001

dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene and Pregnancy

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (297)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Dickerson, AS	2
Deng, Z	1
Ransome, Y	1
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Windham, GC	1
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