6-methylthiopurine profile

6-methylthiopurine : A thiopurine that is 9H-purine substituted by a methylsulfanyl group at position 6. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5778
CHEMBL ID	1178
CHEBI ID	28279
SCHEMBL ID	240979
SCHEMBL ID	20615083
MeSH ID	M0055594

Synonym
BIDD:GT0117
6-(methylsulfanyl)-9h-purine
CHEBI:28279 ,
6-methylmercaptopurine
6-methylthiopurine
thiopurine s-methylether
SDCCGMLS-0065452.P001
s-methyl-6-mercaptopurine
1h-purine, 6-(methylthio)-
6-(methylthio)purine
sq 8343
purine, 6-(methylthio)-
50-66-8
nsc-20105
sq 8,343
nsc20105
6-methyl mp
einecs 200-057-3
ai3-26418
nsc 20105
smr000017401
MLS000101250
MAYBRIDGE4_001828
HMS1526D02
6-methylsulfanyl-9h-purine
purine, 6-methylthio-
BRD-K43675242-001-01-9
CHEMBL1178
STK791073
AB00172295-02
6-methylsulfanyl-7h-purine
AKOS001030430
NCGC00081884-02
133762-85-3
6-methylthiopurin-9-yl
AKOS006221849
xqg ,
6-(methylthio)-9h-purine
bdbm92421
pu08
FT-0671906
F0578-0178
6v404dv25o ,
unii-6v404dv25o
6-(methylsulfanyl)-7h-purine
methylmercaptopurine, 6-
6-methylmercaptopurine [who-dd]
6-mmp
FT-0620822
SCHEMBL240979
AB00172295-03
6-methyl-thiopurine
6-(methylthio)-7h-purine
Z56759523
HR-0385
mfcd00005576
Q27103606
DTXSID50901654
a thiopurine s-methylether
SCHEMBL20615083
CS-0150095
PD150800
7h-purine, 6-(methylthio)-

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" However, adverse events leading to discontinuation may occur in 10-20% of patients."	( 6-Thioguanine seems promising in azathioprine- or 6-mercaptopurine-intolerant inflammatory bowel disease patients: a short-term safety assessment. de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJ; Engels, LG; Gilissen, LP; Hooymans, PM; Jansen, JB; Mulder, CJ, 2003)	0.32
" Primary outcome measures were the ability to tolerate 6-TG and the occurrence of adverse events."	( 6-Thioguanine seems promising in azathioprine- or 6-mercaptopurine-intolerant inflammatory bowel disease patients: a short-term safety assessment. de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJ; Engels, LG; Gilissen, LP; Hooymans, PM; Jansen, JB; Mulder, CJ, 2003)	0.32
" The primary outcome was the occurrence of 6-thioguanine induced hepatotoxicity, scaled according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events."	( Hepatotoxicity associated with 6-methyl mercaptopurine formation during azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine therapy does not occur on the short-term during 6-thioguanine therapy in IBD treatment. de Boer, NK; Mulder, CJ; Seinen, ML; van Asseldonk, DP; van Bodegraven, AA, 2012)	0.38
" However, because of their complex metabolism and potential toxicities, optimal use of biomarkers to predict adverse effects and therapeutic response is paramount."	( Review article: recent advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics for safe and effective thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Loftus, EV; Moon, W, 2016)	0.43
"To provide a comprehensive review focused on pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics for safe and effective thiopurine therapy in IBD."	( Review article: recent advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics for safe and effective thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Loftus, EV; Moon, W, 2016)	0.43
"Pre-treatment thiopurine S-methyltransferase typing plus measurement of 6-tioguanine nucleotides and 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides levels during treatment have emerged with key roles in facilitating safe and effective thiopurine therapy."	( Review article: recent advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics for safe and effective thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Loftus, EV; Moon, W, 2016)	0.43
"Measurement of thiopurine-related enzymes and metabolites reduces the risk of adverse effects and improves efficacy, and should be considered part of standard management."	( Review article: recent advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetics for safe and effective thiopurine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Loftus, EV; Moon, W, 2016)	0.43
"Hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal complaints and general malaise are common limiting adverse reactions of azathioprine and mercaptopurine in IBD patients, often related to high steady-state 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotide (6-MMPR) metabolite concentrations."	( Early prediction of thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease. Coenen, MJ; de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJ; Engels, LG; Franke, B; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, PM; Klungel, OH; Scheffer, H; van Marrewijk, CJ; Verbeek, AL; Vermeulen, SH; Wong, DR, 2017)	0.46
"To determine the predictive value of 6-MMPR concentrations 1 week after treatment initiation (T1) for the development of these adverse reactions, especially hepatotoxicity, during the first 20 weeks of treatment."	( Early prediction of thiopurine-induced hepatotoxicity in inflammatory bowel disease. Coenen, MJ; de Jong, DJ; Derijks, LJ; Engels, LG; Franke, B; Guchelaar, HJ; Hooymans, PM; Klungel, OH; Scheffer, H; van Marrewijk, CJ; Verbeek, AL; Vermeulen, SH; Wong, DR, 2017)	0.46
"We assessed the incidence and predictive factors of thiopurine-induced adverse events (AE) resulting in therapy cessation in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), related to thiopurine metabolites and biochemical abnormalities, and determined overall drug survival."	( Adverse Events of Thiopurine Therapy in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Correlations with Metabolites: A Cohort Study. Benninga, MA; Buiter, HJC; de Boer, NKH; de Meij, TGJ; Jagt, JZ; Pothof, CD; van Limbergen, JE; van Wijk, MP, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with the nonlinear mixed effects modelling program (nonmem) to determine the population mean parameter estimate of clearance for the active metabolites."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analysis of 6-mercaptopurine in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cairns, C; Collier, PS; Dempsey, S; Hawwa, AF; McCarthy, A; McElnay, JC; Millership, JS, 2008)	0.35
"The developed pharmacokinetic model (if successful at external validation) would offer a more rational dosing approach for 6-MP than the traditional empirical method since it combines the current practice of using body surface area in 6-MP dosing with a pharmacogenetically guided dosing based on TPMT genotype."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analysis of 6-mercaptopurine in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cairns, C; Collier, PS; Dempsey, S; Hawwa, AF; McCarthy, A; McElnay, JC; Millership, JS, 2008)	0.35
" This study investigated the pharmacokinetic profiles of mini-tablets and conventional tablets with an improved ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method."	( Simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS Determination of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-methylmercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine in Plasma: Application to the Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Novel Dosage forms in Beagle Dogs. Han, J; Jin, S; Mei, S; Xu, J; Zhang, D; Zhao, L; Zhao, Z, 2020)	0.56
"After giving 8 healthy beagle dogs 50 mg 6-MP in different dosage forms, plasma samples collected at different time points were analyzed for pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( Simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS Determination of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-methylmercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine in Plasma: Application to the Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Novel Dosage forms in Beagle Dogs. Han, J; Jin, S; Mei, S; Xu, J; Zhang, D; Zhao, L; Zhao, Z, 2020)	0.56
"Two dosage forms showed the same pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS Determination of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-methylmercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine in Plasma: Application to the Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Novel Dosage forms in Beagle Dogs. Han, J; Jin, S; Mei, S; Xu, J; Zhang, D; Zhao, L; Zhao, Z, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The aim of the study was quantification of 6-TG and 6-MMP, with the use of liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in solid-organ transplant recipients."	( Determination of Concentrations of Azathioprine Metabolites 6-Thioguanine and 6-Methylmercaptopurine in Whole Blood With the Use of Liquid Chromatography Combined With Mass Spectrometry. Borowiec, A; Dadlez, M; Hryniewiecka, E; Jazwiec, R; Paczek, L; Samborowska, E; Tszyrsznic, W; Zegarska, J; Zochowska, D, 2016)	0.43
" We aimed to describe our center's experience with thiopurine optimization through the use of reduced thiopurine dosing in combination with allopurinol upon hepatotoxicity, drug metabolite levels, and clinical outcomes in children with IBD."	( Thiopurine Optimization Through Combination With Allopurinol in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Boyle, B; Bricker, J; Crandall, W; Dotson, JL; Kim, SC; Maltz, R; Serpico, MR, 2018)	0.48
"Low-dose thiopurines in combination with allopurinol improved hepatotoxicity and increased 6-TG levels in children with IBD."	( Thiopurine Optimization Through Combination With Allopurinol in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Boyle, B; Bricker, J; Crandall, W; Dotson, JL; Kim, SC; Maltz, R; Serpico, MR, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Nevertheless, beside the use of RBC 6TGN determination to confirm compliance to therapy, this dosage could be useful in non-responding patients, allowing, in absence of leukopenia, to increase the dose of AZA/6-MP safely."	( Therapeutic drug monitoring of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine metabolites in Crohn disease. Belaiche, J; Desager, JP; Horsmans, Y; Louis, E, 2001)	0.31
"Standard and adapted dosing with the provided dosing scheme led to identical 6-TGN concentrations and remission rates."	( 6-thioguanine nucleotide-adapted azathioprine therapy does not lead to higher remission rates than standard therapy in chronic active crohn disease: results from a randomized, controlled, open trial. Adler, G; Armstrong, VW; Behrens, C; Bias, P; Herfarth, H; Kruis, W; Oellerich, M; Reinshagen, M; Schütz, E; Shipkova, M; Stallmach, A; Stein, J; von Ahsen, N; von Tirpitz, C, 2007)	0.34
" For patients with severe ulcerative colitis (UC), steroid dosing has been clarified, and a mega-analysis of steroid outcomes and toxicities has been reported."	( Optimizing drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Kornbluth, A; Swaminath, A, 2007)	0.34
"The developed pharmacokinetic model (if successful at external validation) would offer a more rational dosing approach for 6-MP than the traditional empirical method since it combines the current practice of using body surface area in 6-MP dosing with a pharmacogenetically guided dosing based on TPMT genotype."	( Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic analysis of 6-mercaptopurine in paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cairns, C; Collier, PS; Dempsey, S; Hawwa, AF; McCarthy, A; McElnay, JC; Millership, JS, 2008)	0.35
" Being able to determine the TPMT activity before starting a treatment using 6-mercaptopurine, an optimized dosage can be applied to each patient and serious toxicity appearing within thiopurine treatment will be prevented."	( Detection of thiopurine methyltransferase activity in lysed red blood cells by means of lab-on-a-chip surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (LOC-SERS). Henkel, T; Kiehntopf, M; März, A; Mönch, B; Popp, J; Rösch, P, 2011)	0.37
" Measuring thiopurine metabolites is useful for dosage adjustment in children, and for the detection of potential toxicity."	( Evaluating the use of metabolite measurement in children receiving treatment with a thiopurine. Armstrong, L; Bishop, J; Galloway, P; McGrogan, P; Russell, RK; Sharif, JA, 2011)	0.37
" Median duration of 6-thioguanine therapy (median daily dosage 21 mg (9-24)) was 23 weeks (6-96)."	( Hepatotoxicity associated with 6-methyl mercaptopurine formation during azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine therapy does not occur on the short-term during 6-thioguanine therapy in IBD treatment. de Boer, NK; Mulder, CJ; Seinen, ML; van Asseldonk, DP; van Bodegraven, AA, 2012)	0.38
" Prospective studies are needed to determine whether routine testing to guide dosing is of benefit."	( Thiopurine metabolite measurement leads to changes in management of inflammatory bowel disease. Andrews, JM; Asser, TL; Bampton, PA; Doogue, MP; Kennedy, NA; Mountifield, RE, 2013)	0.39
"This study explored the relationship between the weight-based dosage of AZA and metabolites levels in 86 pediatric IBD patients using multilevel analysis."	( Relationship between azathioprine dosage and thiopurine metabolites in pediatric IBD patients: identification of covariables using multilevel analysis. Boulieu, R; Lachaux, A; Nguyen, TM; Nguyen, TV; Vu, DH, 2013)	0.39
"The reliable AZA dose-metabolites relationship is useful for clinicians to guide the dosing regimen to maximize clinical response and minimize side effects or to consider alternative therapies when patients have preferential production of the toxic 6-MeMPN."	( Relationship between azathioprine dosage and thiopurine metabolites in pediatric IBD patients: identification of covariables using multilevel analysis. Boulieu, R; Lachaux, A; Nguyen, TM; Nguyen, TV; Vu, DH, 2013)	0.39
" To date, however, optimal dosing has not been established."	( Low allopurinol doses are sufficient to optimize azathioprine therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients with inadequate thiopurine metabolite concentrations. Curkovic, I; Frei, P; Fried, M; Jetter, A; Kullak-Ublick, GA; Rentsch, KM; Rogler, G, 2013)	0.39
" Each patient had a dosage of azathioprine metabolites."	( [Is there any interest to dose the azathioprine's metabolites during inflammatory bowel diseases?]. Ben Mustapha, N; Boubaker, J; Bouissorra, H; Fékih, M; Ferchichi, H; Filali, A; Klouz, A; Lakhal, M; Melaouhia, S, )	0.13
" Both were then switched to twice daily 6-MP dosing with one having a decrease in 6MMP and hypoglycemic symptoms."	( The association between fasting hypoglycemia and methylated mercaptopurine metabolites in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bostrom, B; Gandrud, L; Melachuri, S, 2014)	0.4
" To assess if IFX influenced thiopurine metabolites, eight patients who had responded to 12 weeks of intensified IFX at a constant thiopurine dosing were included."	( A Role for Thiopurine Metabolites in the Synergism Between Thiopurines and Infliximab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Ainsworth, MA; Brynskov, J; Mogensen, DV; Nersting, J; Schmiegelow, K; Steenholdt, C, 2018)	0.48
" Dosing history, concomitant therapy, and comorbidity data were assessed."	( Late-onset Rise of 6-MMP Metabolites in IBD Patients on Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine. Barclay, ML; Mulder, CJ; Munnig-Schmidt, E; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.48
" We aimed to describe our center's experience with thiopurine optimization through the use of reduced thiopurine dosing in combination with allopurinol upon hepatotoxicity, drug metabolite levels, and clinical outcomes in children with IBD."	( Thiopurine Optimization Through Combination With Allopurinol in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Boyle, B; Bricker, J; Crandall, W; Dotson, JL; Kim, SC; Maltz, R; Serpico, MR, 2018)	0.48
"After giving 8 healthy beagle dogs 50 mg 6-MP in different dosage forms, plasma samples collected at different time points were analyzed for pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( Simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS Determination of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-methylmercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine in Plasma: Application to the Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Novel Dosage forms in Beagle Dogs. Han, J; Jin, S; Mei, S; Xu, J; Zhang, D; Zhao, L; Zhao, Z, 2020)	0.56
"Two dosage forms showed the same pharmacokinetic characteristics."	( Simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS Determination of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-methylmercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine in Plasma: Application to the Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Novel Dosage forms in Beagle Dogs. Han, J; Jin, S; Mei, S; Xu, J; Zhang, D; Zhao, L; Zhao, Z, 2020)	0.56
" Participants with optimal dosing in the morning had an earlier chronotype by corrected midpoint of sleep."	( Impact of Chronotherapy on 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Crossover Trial. Biglin, M; Bishehsari, F; Chouhan, V; Francey, L; Hogenesch, J; Jochum, S; Keshavarzian, A; Raff, H; Shaikh, M; Swanson, GR, 2023)	0.91
"In the first study on a potential role of chronotherapy in IBD, we found (i) morning dosing of AZA or 6-MP resulted in more optimal metabolite profiles and (ii) host chronotype could help identify one-third of patients who would benefit from evening dosing."	( Impact of Chronotherapy on 6-Mercaptopurine Metabolites in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Crossover Trial. Biglin, M; Bishehsari, F; Chouhan, V; Francey, L; Hogenesch, J; Jochum, S; Keshavarzian, A; Raff, H; Shaikh, M; Swanson, GR, 2023)	0.91

Class	Description
thiopurine
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Metabolism	1496	1108
Biological oxidations	150	276
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds	73	122
Methylation	13	38
Azathioprine Action Pathway	47	82
Mercaptopurine Action Pathway	47	80
Thioguanine Action Pathway	47	81
Mercaptopurine Metabolism Pathway	15	24
Thiopurine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics	27	19
Drug ADME	63	87
Azathioprine ADME	16	26
Purine metabolism and related disorders	23	53

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.7168	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID886; AID893
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	35.7168	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID886; AID893
nonstructural protein 1	Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))	Potency	2.8184	0.2818	9.7212	35.4813	AID2326
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.3162	12.4435	31.6228	AID902
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	100.0000	0.0001	1.0789	9.0000	AID1799768
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transport	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin-gated monoatomic cation channel activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
cleavage furrow	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin-activated cation-selective channel complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID371507	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 3 days by SRB assay	2008	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 43, Issue:8	Regiospecific microwave-assisted synthesis and cytotoxic activity against human breast cancer cells of (RS)-6-substituted-7- or 9-(2,3-dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-3-yl)-7H- or -9H-purines.
AID66321	Inhibition Eimeria tenella growth	1982	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine ribonucleosides as anticoccidials. 1. Synthesis and activity of some nucleosides of purines and 4-(alkylthio)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1799768	FMP Assay (Cell Assay) from Article 10.1074/jbc.M112.360370: \\Discovery of a Novel Allosteric Modulator of 5-HT3 Receptors: INHIBITION AND POTENTIATION OF CYS-LOOP RECEPTOR SIGNALING THROUGH A CONSERVED TRANSMEMBRANE INTERSUBUNIT SITE.\\	2012	The Journal of biological chemistry, Jul-20, Volume: 287, Issue:30	Discovery of a novel allosteric modulator of 5-HT3 receptors: inhibition and potentiation of Cys-loop receptor signaling through a conserved transmembrane intersubunit site.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2 (1.64)	18.7374
1990's	17 (13.93)	18.2507
2000's	34 (27.87)	29.6817
2010's	59 (48.36)	24.3611
2020's	10 (8.20)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	10 (7.75%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (4.65%)	6.00%
Case Studies	8 (6.20%)	4.05%
Observational	2 (1.55%)	0.25%
Other	103 (79.84%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
adenine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	1.98	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.	2.68	3	0	monocarboxylic acid; phosphonic acids	antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	1.99	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	1.98	1	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	12.61	60	8	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
n(6),n(6)-dimethyladenine N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenine : A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups.	2.07	1	0	tertiary amine
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.41	2	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	3.88	3	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nu2058 NU2058: structure in first source	2.04	1	0
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.02	1	0
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	3.82	3	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.68	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
thiazoles [no description available]	2.1	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
6-aminonicotinamide 6-Aminonicotinamide: A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.. 6-aminonicotinamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-aminonicotinic acid with ammonia. An inhibitor of the NADP(+)-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, it interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion and synergizes with DNA-crosslinking chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, in killing cancer cells.	2.39	2	0	aminopyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary amino compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.1.1.44 (NADP(+)-dependent decarboxylating phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; teratogenic agent
methylthioinosine Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.	2.67	3	0	purine ribonucleoside; thiopurine
2-aminopurine 2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.	2	1	0	2-aminopurines; nucleobase analogue	antimetabolite
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	1.98	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	2.02	1	0	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.04	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	2.4	2	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).	1.93	1	0	dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone	reagent
6-methylthioguanine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	2-aminopurines; thiopurine	human xenobiotic metabolite
methotrexate [no description available]	5.04	3	1	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
febuxostat Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.	2.1	1	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; aromatic ether; nitrile	EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
6-methylthiopurine ribonucleoside-5'-phosphate 6-methylthiopurine ribonucleoside-5'-phosphate: causes cyotoxicity	6.14	3	1
mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.	14.08	115	10	aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)	6.33	4	1
4-(benzylsulfanyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 4-(benzylsulfanyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine : A thienopyrimidine that is thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by a benzylsulfanediyl group.	2.07	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzenes; thienopyrimidine
6-thioxanthine 6-thioxanthine: gpt/6-TXenzyme/prodrug pair is a promising alternative to the thymidine kinase gene and ganciclovir combination in the gene therapy of cancer	2.45	2	0
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	8.99	39	4	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
6-thioguanosine 6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.39	2	0	purine nucleoside
6-thiouric acid 6-thiouric acid: structure	1.98	1	0	oxopurine
6-thioguanylic acid [no description available]	10.15	39	4	organic molecule
6-methylpurine 6-methylpurine : Purine bearing a methyl substituent at position 6.	2.07	1	0	purines	EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
6-chloropurine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	purines
adenosine kinase Adenosine Kinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ADP plus AMP from adenosine plus ATP. It can serve as a salvage mechanism for returning adenosine to nucleic acids. EC 2.7.1.20.	2.03	1	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	2.46	2	0	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	3.13	1	0
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2	1	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	2.41	2	0	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
inosine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	2.08	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	8.78	18	2	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
tisopurine tisopurine: 4-thio analog of allopurinol; structure	1.96	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	2.04	1	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	2.06	1	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	2.13	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	7.52	10	2
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Exanthem [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.41	1	0
Exanthema Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.	2.41	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	7.52	10	2
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	11.5	46	6
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	11.5	46	6
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	3.17	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	6.45	15	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	8.21	16	1
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	6.45	15	0
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	8.21	16	1
Preterm Birth [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Infection [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	3.95	2	1
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	2.31	1	0
Infant, Small for Gestational Age An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.	2.31	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	3.85	2	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.31	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.95	2	1
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	2.31	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	2.41	1	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.83	3	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	2.58	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Foot Dermatoses Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.	2.17	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.17	1	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	2.17	1	0
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	3.56	8	0
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	3.56	8	0
Anemia Neonatorum [description not available]	3.48	1	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.48	1	1
Anemia, Neonatal The mildest form of erythroblastosis fetalis in which anemia is the chief manifestation.	3.48	1	1
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	3.85	2	1
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	3.85	2	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	7.14	7	3
Bilirubinemia [description not available]	3.01	1	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	3.01	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	7.14	7	3
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.1	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	2.1	1	0
Leukemia, Pre-B-Cell [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.1	1	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	2.1	1	0
Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.	2.1	1	0
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.1	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.02	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.03	1	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	3.42	1	1
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	3.42	1	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	2	1	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2	1	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	2	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2	1	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	2	1	0
ATLL [description not available]	2	1	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	2	1	0

6-methylthiopurine

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Protein Targets (5)

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Research Demand Index: 10.53

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