cloprostenol and Swine-Diseases

Partus induction is an important integrative component of reproduction management in the swine industry. In this context, the question is to what extent the application of uterotonic substances may influence the vitality of piglets. The blood pH value is used as a laboratory objective diagnostic parameter of neonatal acidosis. This parameter of the acid-base balance was examined in piglets born spontaneously at the 115th to 116th day of gestation (group 1, n = 57) and after two different partus induction protocols starting at the 114th day of gestation (group 2: combination of 175 microg of cloprostenol and 20 IU of oxytocin, n = 55; group 3: 175 microg of cloprostenol and 35 microg of carbetocin, n = 56). Initial blood samples were taken from each piglet at birth and 2 h later. The results show that the different protocols have no negative influence on the initial pH value and the compensation of neonatal acidosis until the second hour post-natum.

Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Gas Analysis; Cloprostenol; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Male; Oxytocics; Oxytocin; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of endotoxin on early pregnancy in gilts and to test the potential of flunixin meglumine (FM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, to counteract abortifacient action of the endotoxin. Ten gilts at 30 days gestation were used in the experiment. Eight were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Salmonella typhimurium, while 2 were treated with 500 micrograms cloprostenol (CP). Six of the LPS-injected gilts were treated with a total of 4 mg/kg body weight FM in 2 different dose regimens. Clinical observations were recorded and plasma levels of 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha, progesterone and estrone sulfate (ES) were determined with radioimmunoassay. LPS induced typical signs of endotoxemia and a monophasic fever in all LPS-treated gilts. No antipyretic effect of FM was observed. The CP-treated gilts aborted within 34 h as did the gilts treated by LPS only. Of the 6 LPS + FM-treated gilts, 1 aborted within 34 h, while 5 maintained gestation. These were aborted about a week later by CP and the aborted fetuses anatomically examined. Two of the litters were lost (devoured by the dams), 2 showed no signs of earlier death and 1 showed extensive fetal death. The PGF2 alpha metabolite concentrations increased at least 10 fold immediately after the LPS injection. Progesterone plasma concentration decreased rapidly. A 5-10 fold increase in the plasma metabolite levels accompanied all abortions. CP caused no immediate change in the PGF2 alpha metabolite levels, but the abortion-related response was similar to that in LPS-injected gilts. In the FM-treated gilts, the LPS-induced PGF2 alpha metabolite response was rudimentary and the progesterone decrease temporary in nonaborting gilts. The elevated concentrations of ES decreased within 48 h in gilts aborting at 30 days gestation, while in nonaborting gilts a slow, graduate decrease of ES occurred within 3-5 days of the LPS injection. These results indicate that FM apparently suppressed LPS-induced prostaglandin synthesis and thus prevented luteolysis and abortion in early pregnant gilts.

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Clonixin; Cloprostenol; Endotoxins; Female; Lipopolysaccharides; Pregnancy; Swine; Swine Diseases

Gilts were treated during midgestation with prostaglandin (PG) F to study the efficacy of different treatment regimens on induction of abortion and to determine the adverse consequences of PGF-induced abortion in swine. In study 1, pregnant purebred Duroc gilts (60 to 90 days of gestation) were given (IM) 500 micrograms of cloprostenol (n = 12), 20 mg of dinoprost tromethamine (n = 11), or 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine repeated 12 hours later by an additional 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine (n = 11). The percentage of gilts that aborted and percentage of aborted gilts that returned to estrus for each treatment group were as follows: cloprostenol, 91.7% and 100%, respectively; 20 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 36.4% and 25.0%, respectively; and 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 100% and 90.9%, respectively. Treatment with cloprostenol and with 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine caused more gilts to abort (P less than 0.01) than did treatment with 20 mg of dinoprost tromethamine. Gilts that did not abort were given a second treatment with 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine. When the abortions by gilts initially treated with 500 micrograms of cloprostenol or 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine were combined with those re-treated with 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 32 of 33 (97.0%) gilts aborted, and 30 of the 32 (93.8%) aborted gilts returned to estrus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Abortifacient Agents; Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Cloprostenol; Dinoprost; Estradiol; Estrus; Female; Luteinizing Hormone; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Cloprostenol; Endotoxins; Female; Hormones; Lipopolysaccharides; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Salmonella typhimurium; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Animals; Cloprostenol; Corpus Luteum; Female; Labor, Induced; Luteolysis; Myometrium; Oxytocics; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors

In a herd of sows 106 sows having 4.3 litters on aver., were over a period of 10 weeks treated on Thursdays with 0.175 mg of cloprostenol on the 111th to 114th day of gestation; 93--95% of the sows treated on the 112th and 113th day farrowed within 33 hours after treatment, 73% after treatment on the 111th day (Table I); the mean period of gestation after treatment was 113.4 +/- 0.9 days. 8 sows that only farrowed 2--5 days after the treatment, had on 21 previous farrowings proved to have significantly longer mean periods of gestation, 115.6 days, than the 112 sows in the control group, having 3.6 litters on average, that farrowed in the same period and section of the piggery as the sows treated with cloprostenol. In total 32 weekend-farrowings occurred in the observation period including 7 farrowings after a period of gestation of 110--113 days, 6 cases of unsuccessfully induced parturition and 19 farrowings on the 114th to 119th day that could have been programmed to occur on Fridays; the number of weekend-farrowings, which for this herd in connection with the weaning procedure normally accounted for about 40--45% of farrowings, could thus be reduced to 7% of farrowings (Table II). Cloprostenol treatment on the 111th day resulting in farrowing on the 112th day leads to a significantly higher rate of piglet mortality after 3 weeks compared with the results after farrowing for control sows that farrowed on the 112th day (Table III); this category of control sows had on previous farrowings proved to have a significantly shorter mean period of gestation, 112.7 days, than that of the sows in the cloprostenol group farrowing on the 112th day which had been 114.3 days on previous farrowings. Farrowing and weaning results after induced parturition resulting in farrowing on the 113th to 115th day showed no significant differences from the results for control sows farrowing spontaneously on the 112th to 115th day of gestation. The incidence of MMA (Table II) was not influenced by the cloprostenol treatment, nor by the number of litters, the length of the period of gestation, or by the piling of farrowings on Fridays.

Topics: Animals; Cloprostenol; Female; Labor, Induced; Lactation Disorders; Mastitis; Metrial Gland; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Puerperal Disorders; Swine; Swine Diseases; Syndrome

Treatment of pregnant sows with 175 microgram of cloprostenol achieved efficient synchronisation of farrowing; 93% of treated animals commenced farrowing between 20 and 30 hours and 82% between 24 +/- 4 hours after injection. Duration of farrowing and weights of piglets at birth and weaning were not significantly affected by treatment. There was no harmful effect on piglet viability up to weaning and treated sows returned to oestrus within the expected time after weaning. There was a higher incidence of the mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome in control sows. The implications of these findings on the management of commercial pig farms is discussed.

Topics: Animals; Cloprostenol; Dystocia; Female; Labor, Induced; Labor, Obstetric; Litter Size; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; Swine; Swine Diseases; Yugoslavia