cloprostenol and cetrorelix

Because of its small size and unproblematic captivity behavior the marmoset monkey is an attractive New World primate model for early developmental questions. However, superovulation protocols used in Old World monkeys and women are not successful in the female marmoset. A novel protocol is needed to utilize these New World monkeys as an efficient animal model for in vitro fertilization experiments or embryo stem cell research.. To create such a protocol we first examined the effects of long-term estrous cycle control, secondly, in a dose-finding study, we determined the length of a down-regulation protocol with a gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)-antagonist. Twenty-nine female marmosets were grouped according to the number of estrous cycles, which had been controlled for a period of 12 months in which 88 cycles were monitored. Application of PGF2alpha in the mid-luteal phase led to immediate onset of the follicular phase. The blood progesterone concentration rapidly declined and increased again on day 9-11.. The results show that the controlled ovarian cycle length and progesterone response are not altered by the number of PGF2alpha injections. The rapid decline was similar in all groups, indicating that all animals, independent of the number of controlled cycles, react equally to multiple PGF2alpha injections. To determine the proper dosage for a GnRH-antagonist (Cetrorelix), 12 animals in three groups of four female marmosets were treated with two different dosages and a sham dosage. Cetrorelix was applied in the mid-luteal phase, three times over 2 days. In both Cetrorelix-treated animal groups the early progesterone levels matched those in the controls. In the low-dose treatment group [0.01 mg/100 g body weight (BW)] the expected progesterone rise on day 10 was delayed between 9 and 15 days whereas in the high-dose treatment group (0.1 mg/100 g BW) the progesterone rise was delayed between 21 and 41 days. In the low-dose group the steepness of the slope from day 20 onwards was almost identical to that of the control group. This was reflected in the bioCG levels measured.. Based on the GnRH-antagonist studies, complete ovarian down-regulation in female marmosets can be achieved by applying a low-dose regimen, and intrinsic gonadotropins would not interfere with an ovarian superstimulation protocol.

Topics: Animals; Callithrix; Cloprostenol; Dinoprost; Estrous Cycle; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hormone Antagonists; Time Factors

Sheep is usually a monovular animal; superovulation technology is used to increase the number of offspring per individual and shorten generation intervals. To date, mature FSH superstimulatory treatments have been successfully used in sheep breeding, but much remains unknown about genes, pathways, and biological functions involved in follicular development. Therefore, in this study, we performed transcriptome profiling of small follicles (SFs; 2-2.5 mm), medium follicles (MFs; 3.5-4.5 mm), and large follicles (LFs; > 6 mm) in Mongolian ewes after FSH superstimulation. Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed genes and performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses in 3 separate pairwise comparisons. We found that ovarian steroidogenesis was significantly enriched in the SFs versus MFs analysis; the associated genes, cytochrome P450 family 19 (CYP19) and Hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1), were significantly upregulated. Moreover, proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the LFs versus SFs analysis; the associated genes, glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH), were significantly upregulated, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was significantly downregulated. In summary, our study provides basic data and possible biological direction to further explore the molecular mechanism of sheep follicular development after FSH superstimulation.

Topics: Animals; Aromatase; Cloprostenol; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Luteolytic Agents; Multienzyme Complexes; Ovarian Follicle; PPAR gamma; Progesterone Reductase; Reproducibility of Results; Sheep; Steroid Isomerases

Corpus luteum (CL) is an endocrine tissue involved in regulation of reproductive cycle and early pregnancy establishment. In the present study DEAD-box helicase-5 (Ddx5), a member of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases was investigated for its expression, regulation and function in CL of Wistar rats. Ddx5 was expressed in adult rat CL. Primary cell culture from supra-ovulated ovaries were established for in vitro studies. Addition of luteinizing hormone (LH; 100 ng/ml), a luteotrophic factor in primary cell culture, decreased Ddx5 RNA expression (foldchange:0.6 ± 0.075) while prostaglandin alpha (PGF

Topics: Animals; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cloprostenol; Corpus Luteum; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hormone Antagonists; Luteolytic Agents; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Topics: Amides; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Bimatoprost; Cloprostenol; Cyclohexanes; Drug Approval; Drug Therapy; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Galantamine; Glaucoma; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Glargine; Insulin, Long-Acting; Lipids; Mesalamine; Nateglinide; Nootropic Agents; Phenylalanine; Phenylhydrazines; Piperazines; Thiazoles; Travoprost