cloprostenol and Infertility--Female

The occurrence of Chlamydophila abortus in female camels affected with ovarian hydrobursitis and a trial for medical treatment were studied. A total of 111 cases were included in two experiments. In Experiment 1, sera from 51 affected cases were tested for C. abortus antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In Experiment 2, 60 female camels affected with bilateral ovarian hydrobursitis were divided into treated and control groups (n = 30 each). Based on the bursal diameter, females of both groups were subdivided into those having small (< 5 cm), medium (5-7 cm) or large (> 7 cm) bursae. Treated group received 20 mg/kg body weight oxytetracycline intramuscular, 4% lotagen intrauterine, and 500 μg cloprostenol intramuscular. Controls did not receive any treatment. All females were observed for 90 days non-return rate (NRR) and calving rate (CR). Antibodies against C. abortus were observed in 44/51 (86.3%) of the affected females. The 90 days NRR of the treated and control groups were 13/30 (43.3%) and 0/30 (0.0%), respectively, (P = 0.001), while the CR were 10/30 (33.3%) and 0/30 (0.0%), respectively, (P = 0.01). Based on bursal size, the 90 days NRR were 11/15 (73.3%), 2/7 (28.6%) and 0/8 (0.0%) for treated females having small, medium and large bursa, while the CR were 9/15 (60%), 1/7 (14.3%), and 0/8 (0.0%), respectively, (P = 0.01). In conclusion, it seems that C. abortus may be responsible for the spreading of the ovarian hydrobursitis syndrome in dromedaries. Small sized bursa could be medically treated.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Camelus; Chlamydophila; Chlamydophila Infections; Cloprostenol; Cresols; Drug Combinations; Female; Formaldehyde; Infertility, Female; Luteolytic Agents; Ovarian Diseases; Oxytetracycline

A total of 480 female camels with a history of conception failure were examined through transrectal palpation, ultrasonography, and vaginal exploration. Animals were categorized according to parity (nulliparous n=200 vs. multiparous n=280), and type of uterine infection (endometritis n=360 vs. metritis n=120). They were randomly assigned to receive one of three intrauterine treatments: (i) 100mL acriflavin 0.1% (group 1, n=170), (ii) 100mL lotagen 4% (group 2, n=200), or (iii) 300mg/100mL gentamicin sulphate (group 3, n=110). All groups received 500microg cloprostenol IM at infusion. Animals were exposed for breeding 7 d later and received 5000 IU hCG im at mating. The criteria for efficacy of treatment were 90 days non-return rate (90 d NRR) and calving rate (CR). The results showed that the 90 d NRR and CR were significantly influenced by parity, type of uterine infection, regime of treatment, and their interactions, P<0.05. Treatment regimes were approximately equally efficient in treating females with endometritis (90 d NRR were 64%, 53.1% and 53.3% and CR were 58.9%, 49.3%, and 42.5% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, P>0.05). In contrast, regimes differed in treating those with metritis (90 d NRR were 55.6%, 75%, and 28.6% and CR were 31.6%, 54.8%, and 12.5% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, P<0.05). In conclusion, a regime consisted of intrauterine lotagen infusion and administration of PGF(2)alpha at infusion and hCG at mating was more efficient for treating female camels with metritis.

Topics: Acriflavine; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Camelus; Cloprostenol; Cresols; Drug Combinations; Endometritis; Female; Formaldehyde; Gentamicins; Infections; Infertility, Female; Parity; Pregnancy; Treatment Outcome; Uterine Diseases; Uterus

Haemorrhage into the dominant follicle during the reproductive season is a subtle but definitive cause of infertility in the mare population. This condition however can be of high relevance for an individual in which its incidence is abnormally high. Little is known about the nature and factors affecting the incidence of haemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAFs) in the mare. The objectives of the study were to define and characterize the ultrasonographic development and incidence of HAFs and to investigate possible risk factors influencing its occurrence. Detailed reproductive and ultrasound records of seven mares studied during their entire reproductive lives (>10 years and 612 oestrous cycles) were analysed retrospectively and computed into a statistical mixed model. Of all animal studied, two mares were found to have an unusually high incidence of HAFs of approximately 25%. Time of season and use of induction treatments (Cloprostenol) were found to influence its incidence. It appears that early-enhanced stimulatory effect of LH on an ovary with the presence of small and immature follicles might increase the risk of ovulatory failure of those follicles later in the cycle. Mares during the months of highest follicular activity (May to August) and after treatment with hormones to induce oestrus and ovulation are at greater risk to develop HAFs. The potential relevance of this study is two folds: clinical relevance for the practitioner to better understand this condition and so improve reproductive management of mares with abnormally high incidence; and to provide useful insights for researchers willing to further investigate the nature of this phenomenon.

Topics: Animals; Anovulation; Cloprostenol; Female; Hemorrhage; Horse Diseases; Horses; Infertility, Female; Luteolytic Agents; Ovarian Diseases; Ovarian Follicle; Ovulation Induction; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Seasons; Ultrasonography

The present study characterized alterations of the endometrial epidermal growth factor (EGF) and examined potential relationships between normalization of the EGF and restoration of fertility in repeat breeder cows. In Experiment 1, endometrial tissues were obtained by biopsy on Days 3, 7 and 14 of the estrous cycle from 99 fertile dairy cows and normal ranges of uterine tissue EGF concentrations were determined. Then, eight fertile cows were examined for endometrial EGF concentrations on Days 3, 7 and 14 during the three consecutive estrous cycles. All eight cows had a normal EGF profile (EGF concentrations were within the normal ranges of all 3 days) in all three estrous cycles and endometrial EGF concentrations were similar among the three estrous cycles. In Experiment 2, 61 repeat breeder cows were examined EGF profile and 43 (70.5%) cows had altered EGF profiles compared with control profiles. A typical alteration was characterized by decreased concentrations on Days 3 and 14 and accounted for 86.0% of all alterations. When repeat breeder cows with altered EGF profiles (n=17) were left untreated, abnormality persisted in 14 (82.4%) cows at the second examination and only 3 animals became pregnant within the next two estrous cycles. Among 15 cows showing a typical alteration at the first examination, 11 (73.3%) cows had the same alteration until the third examination performed after two infertile inseminations following the second examination. When repeat breeder cows with altered EGF profiles (n=26) were given one of four therapeutic treatments, cows in which the EGF profile normalized after treatment had a greater pregnancy rate than those with altered profiles (11/14 animals versus 3/12 animals pregnant; P<0.05). In conclusion, suppressed endometrial EGF concentrations on Days 3 and 14 may be common alterations and persist between estrous cycles in repeat breeder cows. Potential relationship between normalization of the endometrial EGF profile and restoration of fertility was observed. Additional study to confirm results of the treatment is, however, necessary because the present study used a limited number of animals. Nevertheless, current data suggest that normalization of the EGF profile is one of the prerequisite factors to restore fertility.

Topics: Animals; Biopsy; Cattle; Cloprostenol; Endometrium; Epidermal Growth Factor; Estradiol; Estrous Cycle; Female; Fertility Agents, Female; Infertility, Female; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Pregnancy

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cloprostenol; Female; Infertility, Female

Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cloprostenol; Female; Infertility, Female; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic

Topics: Animals; Buffaloes; Cloprostenol; Estrus; Female; Infertility, Female; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic

Topics: Abortion, Missed; Abortion, Therapeutic; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cloprostenol; Endometritis; Female; Infertility, Female; Pregnancy; Prostaglandins F, Synthetic