ginsenoside Rh4: isolated from Korean red ginseng Panax ginseng; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| Flora | Rank | Flora Definition | Family | Family Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Panax | genus | An araliaceous genus of plants that contains a number of pharmacologically active agents used as stimulants, sedatives, and tonics, especially in traditional medicine. Sometimes confused with Siberian ginseng (ELEUTHEROCOCCUS).[MeSH] | Araliaceae | The ginseng plant family of the order Apiales, subclass Rosidae, class Magnoliopsida. Leaves are generally alternate, large, and compound. Flowers are five-parted and arranged in compound flat-topped umbels. The fruit is a berry or (rarely) a drupe (a one-seeded fruit). It is well known for plant preparations used as adaptogens (immune support and anti-fatigue).[MeSH] |
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 21599928 |
| CHEMBL ID | 504029 |
| CHEBI ID | 176255 |
| MeSH ID | M0265569 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| (2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[[(3s,5r,6s,8r,9r,10r,12r,13r,14r,17s)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2e)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol |
| CHEBI:176255 |
| ginsenoside rh4 |
| CHEMBL504029 |
| 174721-08-5 |
| CS-3843 |
| AC-34672 |
| HY-N0905 |
| AKOS030526659 |
| NCGC00485965-01 |
| ginsenoside rh(4) |
| mfcd22125012 |
| DTXSID001317113 |
| FS-7833 |
Ginsenoside Rh4 (Rh4) is a major rare saponin in heat-treated ginseng. It is widely applied in treating and preventing various diseases because of its potent medicinal value and stable safety.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Ginsenoside Rh4 is a rare saponin that has been shown to have potential antitumor effectiveness in ESCC." | ( Ginsenoside Rh4 Suppresses Metastasis of Esophageal Cancer and Expression of c-Myc via Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Chen, J; Duan, Z; Fu, R; Liu, Y; Zhu, C, 2022) | 2.89 |
| "Ginsenoside Rh4 (Rh4) is a major rare saponin in heat-treated ginseng, which is widely applied in treating and preventing various diseases because of its potent medicinal value and stable safety." | ( Ginsenoside Rh4 inhibits breast cancer growth through targeting histone deacetylase 2 to regulate immune microenvironment and apoptosis. Dong, F; Duan, Z; Fan, D; He, Y; Ma, X; Qu, L, 2023) | 3.07 |
Ginsenoside Rh4 has been shown to inhibit tumour growth in many cancers. It has been reported to be present in processed ginseng.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Ginsenoside Rh4 has been shown to inhibit tumour growth in many cancers." | ( Ginsenoside Rh4 inhibits the malignant progression of multiple myeloma and induces ferroptosis by regulating SIRT2. Lou, J; Ying, Q; Zheng, D, 2023) | 3.07 |
| "Ginsenoside Rh4 has been reported to be present in processed ginseng." | ( The anti-tumor effect of ginsenoside Rh4 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Deng, J; Dong, Y; Duan, Z; Fan, D; Fu, R; Mi, Y; Qu, L; Wei, B; Zhu, C, 2018) | 1.51 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The pharmacokinetic profiles of Rh4 and Rk3 were subsequently assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats." | ( Quantification of ginsenosides Rh4 and Rk3 in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study. Koh, HL; Lin, HS; Patel, DN, 2012) | 0.38 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Similar to many other ginsenosides, the oral bioavailability of Rh4 and Rk3 was unfavorable, and Rh4 and Rk3 did not have any measurable plasma exposure after oral administration (20 mg/kg)." | ( Quantification of ginsenosides Rh4 and Rk3 in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: application to a pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study. Koh, HL; Lin, HS; Patel, DN, 2012) | 0.38 |
| "The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs." | ( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019) | 0.51 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| triterpenoid saponin | A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a triterpenoid. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID359484 | Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed protection against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death at 200 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID359487 | Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed protection against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death at 50 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID359493 | Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death at 50 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID1370961 | Activation of SIRT1 (unknown origin) assessed as Fluor de Lys deacetylation at 10 to 20 uM incubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins in presence of NAD/NADH by fluorescence assay | 2018 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 28, Issue:3 | SIRT1 activator isolated from artificial gastric juice incubate of total saponins in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. |
| AID359682 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in mouse hepatocytes assessed cell survival rate at 50 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID359495 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in mouse hepatocytes assessed cell survival rate at 200 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID359488 | Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death dosed administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID359489 | Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death at 100 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID1370960 | Inhibition of SIRT1 (unknown origin) assessed as reduction in Fluor de Lys deacetylation at 10 to 20 uM incubated for 5 mins followed by substrate addition measured after 45 mins in presence of NAD/NADH by fluorescence assay | 2018 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-01, Volume: 28, Issue:3 | SIRT1 activator isolated from artificial gastric juice incubate of total saponins in stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. |
| AID359683 | Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed protection against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death at 100 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID359490 | Hepatoprotective activity in mouse hepatocytes assessed inhibition of D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death at 200 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID359494 | Hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine/TNFalpha-induced cell death in mouse hepatocytes assessed cell survival rate at 100 uM administered before 30 mins of TNFalpha challenge measured after 18 hrs by MTT assay | 2001 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 64, Issue:4 | Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocytoprotective activity. |
| AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
| AID1346986 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1347159 | Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1347160 | Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1346987 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (3.45) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5 (17.24) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 8 (27.59) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 15 (51.72) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (21.26) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 29 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||