Page last updated: 2024-10-24
aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
A protein complex that acts as an aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. Cytosolic and nuclear Ah receptor complexes have different subunit composition, but both contain the ligand-binding subunit AhR. [GOC:mah, PMID:7598497]
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) complex is a multi-protein complex that mediates the cellular response to a variety of environmental pollutants, including dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The AHR complex is composed of the following components:
1. **The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR):** This is the ligand-binding subunit of the complex. It is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that is normally localized in the cytoplasm, bound to chaperone proteins such as heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and AIP. When AHR binds to its ligand, it undergoes a conformational change that allows it to dissociate from its chaperones and translocate to the nucleus.
2. **The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT):** This is a bHLH-PAS transcription factor that is constitutively localized in the nucleus. ARNT is the dimerization partner of AHR and is required for the transcriptional activity of the complex.
3. **Other proteins:** The AHR complex also contains other proteins that are involved in its function, including:
* **X-associated protein 2 (XAP2):** This protein acts as a negative regulator of AHR, preventing its activation in the absence of ligand.
* **Cyp1A1:** This protein is an enzyme that metabolizes AHR ligands, reducing their activity.
* **Other co-factors:** The AHR complex may also interact with other co-factors that modulate its transcriptional activity.
The AHR complex is a critical regulator of a variety of cellular processes, including detoxification, cell growth, and immune responses. Its activation can lead to both beneficial and detrimental effects. For example, AHR activation can protect cells from oxidative stress, but it can also promote tumor growth.
The cellular component of the AHR complex is the **cytoplasm**, where the AHR protein is normally localized, bound to chaperone proteins. Upon ligand binding, the AHR translocates to the **nucleus**, where it dimerizes with ARNT and binds to DNA to regulate gene expression.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Aryl hydrocarbon receptor | An aryl hydrocarbon receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P35869] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta | A heat shock protein HSP 90-beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DAN] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (79)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| adenine | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| dibenzofuran | dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran. | dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene | xenobiotic |
| 3-methylcholanthrene | 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position. Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies. | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent |
| 5,11-dihydroindolo[3,2-b]carbazole-12-carboxaldehyde | indolocarbazole | ||
| benzo(a)pyrene | Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| beta-naphthoflavone | beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone. beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308) | extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound | aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist |
| bisacodyl | Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871) | diarylmethane | |
| n(6),n(6)-dimethyladenine | N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenine : A tertiary amine that is adenine substituted at N-6 by geminal methyl groups. | tertiary amine | |
| kynurenic acid | kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool. | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| adenosine diphosphate | Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| anthranilamide | substituted aniline | ||
| ethamivan | etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse. ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86) | methoxybenzenes; phenols | |
| indigo | hydroxyindoles | ||
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine | Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers. | polychlorinated dibenzodioxine | |
| 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl | 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines. 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure | dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl | |
| octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin | octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | polychlorinated dibenzodioxine | |
| silybin | silibinin : A flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities. | aromatic ether; benzodioxine; flavonolignan; polyphenol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 2-chlorodibenzofuran | 2-chlorodibenzofuran: structure | ||
| 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin | 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: structure given in first source | polychlorinated dibenzodioxine | |
| pcb 118 | dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene | ||
| 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl | 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines. 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd | dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl | |
| 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl | dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene | ||
| 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl | tetrachlorobiphenyl : Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4. | tetrachlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl | |
| 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: structure in first source | ||
| 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl | hexachlorobiphenyl | ||
| 2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl | dichlorobenzene; hexachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene | ||
| 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin | 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: metabolite for 2,3,7,8-TCDD | ||
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin | 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin: structure given in first source | polychlorinated dibenzodioxine | |
| 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin | 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin: structure given in first source | ||
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin | polychlorinated dibenzodioxine | ||
| 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin | 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin: structure given in first source 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzodioxine : An organobromine compound that is dibenzodioxine carrying four bromo substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8. | dibenzodioxine; organobromine compound | |
| 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran | 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran: toxic product which was generated in Italy due to an explosion in a plant manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol | polychlorinated dibenzofuran | |
| 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran | 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source | polychlorinated dibenzofuran | |
| 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran | 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd | polychlorinated dibenzofuran | |
| 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran | polychlorinated dibenzofuran | ||
| 2,3,4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl | monochlorobenzenes; pentachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene | ||
| 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl | 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions. | pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene | |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 2-acetylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone | 2-acetylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone: structure in first source | ||
| 5-benzyloxytryptophan | |||
| isopentaquine | |||
| Zearalanone | macrolide; resorcinols | ||
| 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran | 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source | ||
| kynurenine | L-kynurenine : A kynurenine that has L configuration. | amino acid zwitterion; kynurenine; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| (-)-gallocatechin gallate | (-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea. | catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 8-(2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-2-fluoro-9-pent-4-yn-1-yl-9H-purin-6-amine | 8-(2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-2-fluoro-9-pent-4-yn-1-yl-9H-purin-6-amine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is 2-fluoroadenine carrying additional 2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl and pent-4-yn-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 9 respectively. | 6-aminopurines; acetylenic compound; methoxybenzenes; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound | antineoplastic agent; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| 1,3,6-trimethylpyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione | pyrimidotriazine | ||
| 3-chlorodibenzofuran | 3-chlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source | ||
| cct018159 | CCT-018159 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole carrying 1,4-benzodioxane-6-yl and 5-ethyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 4 and 5 respectively. CCT018159: structure in first source | benzodioxine; pyrazoles; resorcinols | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| 1,6-dimethyl-3-propylpyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione | pyrimidotriazine | ||
| ver-49009 | 5-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of ethylamine. VER-49009: inhibits heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone; structure in first source | aromatic amide; monochlorobenzenes; monomethoxybenzene; pyrazoles; resorcinols | Hsp90 inhibitor |
| kaempferol | 7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite | |
| myricetin | 7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite | |
| geldanamycin | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor | |
| 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin | 17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin: structure in first source alvespimycin : A 19-membered macrocyle that is geldanamycin in which the methoxy group attached to the benzoquinone moiety has been replaced by a 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethylamino group. | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | Hsp90 inhibitor |
| derrubone | derrubone: an inhibitor of the Hsp90 protein folding machinery from Derris robusta; structure in first source | isoflavanones | |
| monorden | monorden: inhibits HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, DNA topoisomerase VI and human Topoisomerase II | cyclic ketone; enone; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antifungal agent; metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| tanespimycin | CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| vildagliptin | amino acid amide | ||
| 9h-purine-9-propanamine, 6-amino-8-((6-iodo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)thio)-n-(1-methylethyl)- | 9H-purine-9-propanamine, 6-amino-8-((6-iodo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)thio)-N-(1-methylethyl)-: an epichaperome (purine-scaffold) inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| nvp-dpp728 | |||
| cycloproparadicicol | cycloproparadicicol: structure in first source | ||
| gambogic acid | gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer | pyranoxanthones | metabolite |
| ipi 493 | 17-aminogeldanamycin: structure in first source | ||
| pochonin d | pochonin D: secondary metabolite of Pochonia chlamydosporia; structure in first source | ||
| snx-7081 | SNX-7081: Anti-Inflammatory Agent; structure in first source | ||
| at 13387 | (2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-(5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)methanone: structure in first source onalespib : A member of the class of isoindoles that is isoindole in which the amino group has been acylated by a 2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl group and in which position 5 of the isoidole moiety has been substituted by a (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl group. A second-generation Hsp90 inhibitor. | benzamides; isoindoles; N-alkylpiperazine; resorcinols; tertiary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| cnf 2024 | 2-aminopurines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; pyridines | antineoplastic agent; Hsp90 inhibitor | |
| snx 2112 | SNX 2112: an orally available small molecule Hsp90 inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| nvp-bep800 | |||
| debio 0932 | CUDC 305: an Hsp90 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | ||
| novobiocin | novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189) | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| tas-116 | |||
| ver-246608 | VER-246608: inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase; structure in first source | ||
| 7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime | 7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: has mild protein kinase inhibitory activity; induces caspase-independent cell death; structure in first source | ||
| ver-50589 | VER-50589: inhibits heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone; structure in first source | ||
| ver 52296 | luminespib : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-[4-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)phenyl]-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of ethylamine. | aromatic amide; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; resorcinols | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| sta 9090 | ring assembly; triazoles | ||
| nms-e973 | NMS-E973: structure in first source |