3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

3,4,3',4'-Tetrachloroazoxybenzene, also known as TCAB, is a persistent organic pollutant (POP) that has been widely used as a fungicide and insecticide. It is synthesized through the reaction of 3,4-dichloroaniline with sodium nitrite in acidic conditions. TCAB is highly toxic to various organisms and has been found to bioaccumulate in food chains. Its persistence in the environment, its potential for bioaccumulation, and its toxicity have led to concerns about its impacts on human health and ecosystems. Research on TCAB focuses on its environmental fate and transport, its toxicological effects, and its remediation strategies. Studies have investigated its degradation pathways in different environmental compartments, its bioaccumulation in organisms, and its potential for causing endocrine disruption, cancer, and other adverse health effects. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term consequences of TCAB exposure and to develop effective strategies for its control and remediation.'
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3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene: unwanted contaminant found in commercial synthesis of dichloroaniline or herbicides made from dichloroaniline; implicated in outbreak of acne in chemical workers [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	30533
MeSH ID	M0060910

Synonyms (12)

Synonym
tcaob
bis(3,4-dichlorophenyl)diazene 1-oxide
azoxybenzene, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro-
diazene, bis(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-, 1-oxide
3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene
ccris 3013
1,2-dichloro-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-nno-azoxybenzene
3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene
21232-47-3
(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)imino-oxidoazanium
DTXSID1026087
3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Both TCAB and TCAOB were more toxic than all other chemicals that have been tested in the chick embryo with the exception of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)."	( Embryotoxicity of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene in the chick embryo. Hsia, MT; Kreamer, BL; Schrankel, KR, 1982)	0.26

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Absolute bioavailability was calculated to be approximately 9%."	( Absorption and disposition kinetics of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene in the male Fischer 344 rat. Kattnig, MJ; Liebler, DC; Mayersohn, M; Pillai, UA; Sipes, IG; Smith, RL; Ziegler, TL, 1996)	0.29

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" In 2 groups of weanling rats the same dosage of TCAOB was able to reduce the relative thymus weight to 31% and 38% of the comparable control animals."	( Thymic atrophy induced by acute exposure of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoxybenzene in rats. Burant, CF; Hsia, MT; Kreamer, BL; Schrankel, KR, 1982)	0.26

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (22)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	17 (77.27)	18.7374
1990's	4 (18.18)	18.2507
2000's	1 (4.55)	29.6817
2010's	0 (0.00)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.14

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	11.14 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.18 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.31 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.14)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	23 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	1.96	1	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
propanil Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.	2.37	2	anilide; dichlorobenzene	herbicide
3,4-dichloroaniline 3,4-dichloroaniline : A dichloroaniline having the two chloro-substituents at the 3- and 4-positions.	1.97	1	dichloroaniline	epitope; xenobiotic
linuron Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.	1.96	1	dichlorobenzene; phenylureas	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
neburon neburon: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6264	1.96	1	ureas
3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazobenzene 3,4,3',4'-tetrachloroazobenzene: unwanted contaminant found in commercial synthesis of dichloroaniline or herbicides made from dichloroaniline; implicated in outbreak of acne in chemical workers; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.75	11
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.	1.97	1	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Acne [description not available]	2.36	2
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	2.36	2
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2.36	2
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.22	6
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.96	1
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	2.37	2
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	2.37	2
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	2.37	2
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.65	3
Anasarca [description not available]	1.96	1
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	1.96	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	1.96	1
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	1.96	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2	1
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	1.96	1
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	1.96	1
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	1.96	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	1.96	1

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