A lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P38571]
Acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase;
LAL;
EC 3.1.1.13;
Cholesteryl esterase;
Lipase A;
Sterol esterase
| Timeframe | Studies on this Protein(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1 (100.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Drug | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Publication(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lalistat 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 | 0.1520 | 1 | 1 |
This protein enables 2 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| sterol esterase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the reaction: a steryl ester + H2O = a sterol + a fatty acid. [EC:3.1.1.13] |
| lipase activity | molecular function | Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a lipid or phospholipid. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] |
This protein is located in 6 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| fibrillar center | cellular component | A structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures. [PMID:10754561] |
| nucleoplasm | cellular component | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. [GOC:ma, ISBN:0124325653] |
| lysosome | cellular component | A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732] |
| cytosol | cellular component | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. [GOC:hjd, GOC:jl] |
| lysosomal lumen | cellular component | The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane. [GOC:jl, PMID:15213228] |
| intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | cellular component | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators] |
This protein is active in 1 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | cellular component | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. [GOC:go_curators] |
This protein is involved in 59 target(s):
| Target | Category | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| mitotic cell cycle | biological process | Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0815316194, Reactome:69278] |
| cell morphogenesis | biological process | The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. [GOC:clt, GOC:dph, GOC:go_curators, GOC:tb] |
| endothelial cell proliferation | biological process | The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| response to dietary excess | biological process | The physiological process in which dietary excess is sensed by the central nervous system, resulting in a reduction in food intake and increased energy expenditure. [GOC:pg, GOC:pr, PMID:12161655] |
| hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. [GOC:add, GOC:rl, ISBN:0781735149, PMID:16551251] |
| acute inflammatory response | biological process | Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response | biological process | A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases following a stimulus as part of an inflammatory response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, resulting in an increase in their intracellular or extracellular levels. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| glucose metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| glycolytic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules. [GOC:bf, GOC:dph, ISBN:0201090910, ISBN:0716720094, ISBN:0879010479, Wikipedia:Glycolysis] |
| fatty acid metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis. [ISBN:0198547684] |
| triglyceride metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving triglyceride, any triester of glycerol. The three fatty acid residues may all be the same or differ in any permutation. Triglycerides are important components of plant oils, animal fats and animal plasma lipoproteins. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| cholesterol biosynthetic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. [GOC:ai] |
| ATP biosynthetic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. [GOC:go_curators, ISBN:0198506732] |
| vitamin A metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving any of the vitamin A compounds, retinol, retinal (retinaldehyde) and retinoic acid, all of which are derivatives of beta-carotene. [GOC:jl, http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/biochem/thcme/vitamins.html#k] |
| endocytosis | biological process | A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a part of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732, ISBN:0716731363, Wikipedia:Endocytosis] |
| mitochondrion organization | biological process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components. [GOC:dph, GOC:jl, GOC:mah, GOC:sgd_curators, PMID:9786946] |
| lysosome organization | biological process | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a lysosome. A lysosome is a cytoplasmic, membrane-bounded organelle that is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases. [GOC:mah] |
| small GTPase-mediated signal transduction | biological process | An intracellular signaling cassette in which a small monomeric GTPase relays a signal. [GOC:mah] |
| endosome to lysosome transport | biological process | The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes. [GOC:ai, ISBN:0716731363] |
| determination of adult lifespan | biological process | The pathways that regulate the duration of the adult phase of the life-cycle of an animal. [PMID:25561524, PMID:273723695, PMID:3424805] |
| response to cold | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. [GOC:lr] |
| response to xenobiotic stimulus | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a xenobiotic, a compound foreign to the organim exposed to it. It may be synthesized by another organism (like ampicilin) or it can be a synthetic chemical. [GOC:jl, GOC:krc] |
| gene expression | biological process | The process in which a gene's sequence is converted into a mature gene product (protein or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript and its processing, as well as translation and maturation for protein-coding genes. [GOC:txnOH-2018, PMID:25934543, PMID:31580950] |
| cholesterol storage | biological process | The accumulation and maintenance in cells or tissues of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3 beta-ol, the principal sterol of vertebrates and the precursor of many steroids, including bile acids and steroid hormones. [GOC:BHF, GOC:dph, GOC:tb] |
| lipid catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. [GOC:go_curators] |
| myeloid cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of any cell of the myeloid leukocyte, megakaryocyte, thrombocyte, or erythrocyte lineages. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| T cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. [GO_REF:0000022, GOC:jid, GOC:mah] |
| lung development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. [GOC:jid, UBERON:0002048] |
| defecation | biological process | The expulsion of feces from the rectum. [GOC:mah] |
| TOR signaling | biological process | The series of molecular signals mediated by TOR (Target of rapamycin) proteins, members of the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family that act as serine/threonine kinases in response to nutrient availability or growth factors. [PMID:12372295] |
| myeloid cell apoptotic process | biological process | Any apoptotic process in a myeloid cell, a cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage. [CL:0000763, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, PMID:11292031, PMID:15330259, PMID:17133093] |
| response to vitamin A | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus. [GOC:sl] |
| cholesterol efflux | biological process | The directed movement of cholesterol, cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, out of a cell or organelle. [GOC:sart] |
| low-density lipoprotein particle clearance | biological process | The process in which a low-density lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. [GOC:BHF, GOC:mah] |
| common myeloid progenitor cell proliferation | biological process | The multiplication or reproduction of common myeloid progenitor cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. A common myeloid progenitor cell is a progenitor cell committed to the myeloid lineage. [CL:0000049, GOC:BHF] |
| T cell proliferation | biological process | The expansion of a T cell population by cell division. Follows T cell activation. [GOC:jl] |
| lipoprotein catabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any conjugated, water-soluble protein in which the covalently attached nonprotein group consists of a lipid or lipids. [ISBN:0198506732] |
| spleen development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| bone marrow development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the bone marrow over time, from its formation to the mature structure. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149] |
| tissue remodeling | biological process | The reorganization or renovation of existing tissues. This process can either change the characteristics of a tissue such as in blood vessel remodeling, or result in the dynamic equilibrium of a tissue such as in bone remodeling. [GOC:ebc] |
| homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue | biological process | Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. [GOC:isa_complete] |
| positive regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway | biological process | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling pathways initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. [GOC:ai] |
| regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential | biological process | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. [GOC:ai] |
| lipid homeostasis | biological process | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell. [GOC:BHF, GOC:rl] |
| adipose tissue development | biological process | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of adipose tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Adipose tissue is specialized tissue that is used to store fat. [GOC:dph] |
| blood vessel endothelial cell differentiation | biological process | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a blood vessel endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of blood vessels. [GOC:dph, GOC:sdb_2009, GOC:tb] |
| macrophage homeostasis | biological process | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of macrophage cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. [GOC:dph, PMID:21727904] |
| T cell apoptotic process | biological process | Any apoptotic process in a T cell, a type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. [CL:0000084, GOC:add, GOC:mtg_apoptosis, ISBN:0781765196] |
| fat cell proliferation | biological process | The multiplication or reproduction of fat cells by cell division, resulting in the expansion of their population. A fat cell is an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat. [GOC:mah, GOC:sl] |
| triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle clearance | biological process | The process in which a triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle is removed from the blood via receptor-mediated endocytosis and its constituent parts degraded. [GOC:BHF] |
| cell proliferation in bone marrow | biological process | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the bone marrow. [GOC:mah, GOC:yaf, PMID:17063141] |
| liver morphogenesis | biological process | The process in which the anatomical structures of the liver are generated and organized. [GOC:mah] |
| cellular lipid biosynthetic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids, as carried out by individual cells. [GOC:pr] |
| lipid import into cell | biological process | The directed movement of a lipid from outside of a cell into a cell. This may occur via transport across the plasma membrane or via endocytosis. [GOC:pg] |
| multicellular organismal-level chemical homeostasis | biological process | A homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of a steady state level of a chemical within extracellular body fluids, such as blood, xylem or phloem, of a multicellular organism. This is distinct from maintenance of cellular homeostasis, which occurs within a cell. [GOC:curators] |
| response to rapamycin | biological process | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a rapamycin stimulus. [GOC:TermGenie] |
| reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. [GO_REF:0000068, GOC:bf, GOC:PARL, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24252804] |
| adaptive thermogenesis | biological process | The regulated production of heat in response to short term environmental changes, such as stress, diet or reduced temperature. [PMID:17260010, PMID:20363363] |
| sterol metabolic process | biological process | The chemical reactions and pathways involving sterols, steroids with one or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrocarbon side-chain in the molecule. [ISBN:0198547684] |