Compounds > tribendimidine
Page last updated: 2024-11-10

tribendimidine

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Description

tribendimidine: structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3086564
CHEMBL ID427256
SCHEMBL ID899015
SCHEMBL ID12348241
MeSH IDM0157339

Synonyms (18)

Synonym
tribendimidine
CHEMBL427256
n'-[4-[[4-[[4-[1-(dimethylamino)ethylideneamino]phenyl]iminomethyl]phenyl]methylideneamino]phenyl]-n,n-dimethylethanimidamide
115103-15-6
unii-yo6sod6ztj
ethanimidamide, n',n'''-(1,4-phenylenebis(methylidynenitrilo-4,1-phenylene))bis(n,n-dimethyl-
yo6sod6ztj ,
tribendimidin
n,n'-bis(4-(1-dimethylamino)ethylideneaminophenyl)-1,4-phenylene dimethylidyneamine
SCHEMBL899015
SCHEMBL12348241
DTXSID50894077
Q2912342
BCP32601
tribendimidine [who-dd]
MS-28236
CS-0567268
HY-147360

Research Excerpts

Overview

Tribendimidine is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug that is also significantly effective in treating clonorchiasis. It is a selective cholinergic nematode B-subtype nAChR agonist, producing muscle depolarization and contraction.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Tribendimidine (TBD) is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug that is also significantly effective in treating clonorchiasis. "( Metabolome alterations in Clonorchis sinensis after treatment with tribendimidine and praziquante in vivo.
Haobing, Z; Jian, X; Mingyong, L; Xinru, L; Yu, C; Yufen, W; Zhihua, J, 2022)		2.4
"Tribendimidine is a selective cholinergic nematode B-subtype nAChR agonist, producing muscle depolarization and contraction."( Anthelmintics: The best way to predict the future is to create it.
Abongwa, M; Choudhary, S; Kashyap, S; Martin, RJ; Robertson, AP; Verma, S; Zheng, F, 2015)		1.14
"Tribendimidine is a promising drug for the treatment of opisthorchiasis."( Single-Ascending-Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Tribendimidine in Opisthorchis viverrini-Infected Patients.
Duthaler, U; Huwyler, J; Keiser, J; Odermatt, P; Penny, MA; Sayasone, S; Vanobbergen, F, 2016)		1.41
"Tribendimidine is an anthelminthic drug with a broad spectrum of activity. "( Tribendimidine and albendazole for treating soil-transmitted helminths, Strongyloides stercoralis and Taenia spp.: open-label randomized trial.
Du, ZW; Jiang, JY; Steinmann, P; Utzinger, J; Wu, ZX; Xiao, SH; Zhou, H; Zhou, XN, 2008)		3.23
"Tribendimidine is a new anthelmintic agent synthesized by Chinese scientists. "( Metabolism and disposition of tribendimidine and its metabolites in healthy Chinese volunteers.
Guo, R; Qu, T; Wang, B; Wei, C; Xu, J; Yuan, G; Zhang, R, 2010)		2.09

Effects

Tribendimidine has a slightly lower cure rate than praziquantel. Non-inferiority was not shown.

Tribendimidine has been successful in treating hookworm infections and may serve as an alternative to albendazole should resistance arise. It has a slightly lower cure rate than praziquantel and non-inferiority was not shown.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Tribendimidine has a slightly lower cure rate than praziquantel and non-inferiority was not shown. "( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine versus praziquantel against Opisthorchis viverrini in Laos: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 2 trial.
Hattendorf, J; Keiser, J; Meister, I; Odermatt, P; Phongluxa, K; Sayasone, S; Senggnam, K; Vonghachack, Y; Xayavong, S, 2018)		2.23
"Tribendimidine has an efficacy comparable to praziquantel in the treatment of C. "( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Clonorchis sinensis.
Jiang, ZH; Keiser, J; Li, W; Liang, H; Qian, MB; Tan, YG; Utzinger, J; Yang, YC; Yap, P; Zhou, H; Zhou, XN, 2013)		2.14
"Tribendimidine has been successful in treating hookworm infections and may serve as an alternative to albendazole should resistance arise. "( Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analysis of Tribendimidine To Improve Treatment for Children with Hookworm Infection.
Brussee, JM; Coulibaly, JT; Hiroshige, N; Keiser, J; Neodo, A; Pfister, M, 2021)		2.3
"Tribendimidine has a slightly lower cure rate than praziquantel and non-inferiority was not shown. "( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine versus praziquantel against Opisthorchis viverrini in Laos: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 2 trial.
Hattendorf, J; Keiser, J; Meister, I; Odermatt, P; Phongluxa, K; Sayasone, S; Senggnam, K; Vonghachack, Y; Xayavong, S, 2018)		2.23
"Tribendimidine has emerged as potential alternative to praziquantel in the treatment of Opisthorchis viverrini infections. "( LC-MS/MS method for the determination of two metabolites of tribendimidine, deacylated amidantel and its acetylated metabolite in plasma, blood and dried blood spots.
Duthaler, U; Huwyler, J; Keiser, J, 2015)		2.1
"Tribendimidine has emerged as a potential treatment alternative; however, its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties have not been sufficiently studied to date."( Single-Ascending-Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Tribendimidine in Opisthorchis viverrini-Infected Patients.
Duthaler, U; Huwyler, J; Keiser, J; Odermatt, P; Penny, MA; Sayasone, S; Vanobbergen, F, 2016)		1.41
"Tribendimidine has excellent efficacy and tolerability at doses of 100 mg and above. "( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Opisthorchis viverrini: two randomised, parallel-group, single-blind, dose-ranging, phase 2 trials.
Akkhavong, K; Duthaler, U; Hattendorf, J; Keiser, J; Odermatt, P; Sayasone, S; Senggnam, K; Vonghachack, Y; Xayavong, S, 2016)		2.19
"Tribendimidine has been registered for the treatment of human soil transmitted helminthiases in China. "( In vivo efficacy of the anthelmintic tribendimidine against the cestode Hymenolepis microstoma in a controlled laboratory trial.
Harder, A; Krücken, J; Kulke, D; von Samson-Himmelstjerna, G; Welz, C, 2012)		2.09
"Tribendimidine has an efficacy comparable to praziquantel in the treatment of C. "( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Clonorchis sinensis.
Jiang, ZH; Keiser, J; Li, W; Liang, H; Qian, MB; Tan, YG; Utzinger, J; Yang, YC; Yap, P; Zhou, H; Zhou, XN, 2013)		2.14

Toxicity

Tribendimidine is a promising anthelmintic agent that is safe and exhibits a broad spectrum of activity. It might complement praziquantel in O viverrini control programmes, particularly in settings co-endemic for hookworm.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"We review, for the first time, a 20-year Chinese story of research and development pertaining to tribendimidine, a promising anthelmintic agent that is safe and exhibits a broad spectrum of activity."( Tribendimidine: a promising, safe and broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent from China.
Chong, W; Hui-Ming, W; Tanner, M; Utzinger, J; Xiao, SH, 2005)		1.99
" Most adverse events were mild or moderate and affected all treatment groups; serious adverse events--vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and anxiety--were reported only by patients taking mefloquine or mefloquine-artesunate."( Efficacy and safety of mefloquine, artesunate, mefloquine-artesunate, tribendimidine, and praziquantel in patients with Opisthorchis viverrini: a randomised, exploratory, open-label, phase 2 trial.
Akkhavong, K; Hatz, C; Keiser, J; Odermatt, P; Sayasone, S; Soukhathammavong, P; Vonghachack, Y; Vounatsou, P, 2011)		0.6
" Clinical symptoms were documented at baseline, and adverse events were recorded and graded 3 and 24 hours after each dose."( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Clonorchis sinensis.
Jiang, ZH; Keiser, J; Li, W; Liang, H; Qian, MB; Tan, YG; Utzinger, J; Yang, YC; Yap, P; Zhou, H; Zhou, XN, 2013)		0.7
" Patients treated with praziquantel experienced significantly more adverse events than did tribendimidine recipients (P < ."( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Clonorchis sinensis.
Jiang, ZH; Keiser, J; Li, W; Liang, H; Qian, MB; Tan, YG; Utzinger, J; Yang, YC; Yap, P; Zhou, H; Zhou, XN, 2013)		0.92
" sinensis infection and resulted in fewer adverse events compared to praziquantel."( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Clonorchis sinensis.
Jiang, ZH; Keiser, J; Li, W; Liang, H; Qian, MB; Tan, YG; Utzinger, J; Yang, YC; Yap, P; Zhou, H; Zhou, XN, 2013)		0.7
" Cure rates and egg reduction rates were assessed, and adverse events were monitored after treatments."( Efficacy and safety of praziquantel, tribendimidine and mebendazole in patients with co-infection of Clonorchis sinensis and other helminths.
Duan, JH; Jiang, B; Liu, YC; Xiao, SH; Xu, LL; Zhang, HB; Zhang, LP; Zhou, XN; Zhu, SQ; Zhuang, SF, 2014)		0.68
" Most adverse events were mild and transient."( Efficacy and safety of praziquantel, tribendimidine and mebendazole in patients with co-infection of Clonorchis sinensis and other helminths.
Duan, JH; Jiang, B; Liu, YC; Xiao, SH; Xu, LL; Zhang, HB; Zhang, LP; Zhou, XN; Zhu, SQ; Zhuang, SF, 2014)		0.68
" sinensis as praziquantel with less adverse events, and achieved significantly higher cure rate in the treatment for hookworm than those of praziquantel and mebendazole."( Efficacy and safety of praziquantel, tribendimidine and mebendazole in patients with co-infection of Clonorchis sinensis and other helminths.
Duan, JH; Jiang, B; Liu, YC; Xiao, SH; Xu, LL; Zhang, HB; Zhang, LP; Zhou, XN; Zhu, SQ; Zhuang, SF, 2014)		0.68
" Few adverse events were reported and were mostly mild, with few moderate and no serious events."( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Opisthorchis viverrini: two randomised, parallel-group, single-blind, dose-ranging, phase 2 trials.
Akkhavong, K; Duthaler, U; Hattendorf, J; Keiser, J; Odermatt, P; Sayasone, S; Senggnam, K; Vonghachack, Y; Xayavong, S, 2016)		0.74
" Physicians assessing adverse events and laboratory personnel were masked to treatment allocation, but the investigators administering treatment and the participants could have recognised the treatment group based on differences in the number, appearance, and odour of the tablets."( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine versus praziquantel against Opisthorchis viverrini in Laos: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 2 trial.
Hattendorf, J; Keiser, J; Meister, I; Odermatt, P; Phongluxa, K; Sayasone, S; Senggnam, K; Vonghachack, Y; Xayavong, S, 2018)		0.79
" Adverse events were of mild and moderate intensity and were more frequent in the praziquantel group than in the tribendimidine group (odds ratio 4·5, 95% CI 3·2-6·3; p<0·0001)."( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine versus praziquantel against Opisthorchis viverrini in Laos: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 2 trial.
Hattendorf, J; Keiser, J; Meister, I; Odermatt, P; Phongluxa, K; Sayasone, S; Senggnam, K; Vonghachack, Y; Xayavong, S, 2018)		1
" However, tribendimidine has a similar egg reduction rate to praziquantel and leads to fewer adverse events and thus might complement praziquantel in O viverrini control programmes, particularly in settings co-endemic for hookworm."( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine versus praziquantel against Opisthorchis viverrini in Laos: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, phase 2 trial.
Hattendorf, J; Keiser, J; Meister, I; Odermatt, P; Phongluxa, K; Sayasone, S; Senggnam, K; Vonghachack, Y; Xayavong, S, 2018)		1.19
" Clinical symptoms were assessed before treatment and adverse events monitored 3 and 24 hours posttreatment."( Efficacy and Safety of Ascending Dosages of Tribendimidine Against Hookworm Infections in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Coulibaly, JT; Hattendorf, J; Hiroshige, N; Keiser, J; N'Gbesso, YK, 2019)		0.78
" Only mild adverse events and no abnormal biochemical parameters were observed."( Efficacy and Safety of Ascending Dosages of Tribendimidine Against Hookworm Infections in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Coulibaly, JT; Hattendorf, J; Hiroshige, N; Keiser, J; N'Gbesso, YK, 2019)		0.78

Pharmacokinetics

Tribendimidine has emerged as a potential treatment alternative for liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. Its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties have not been sufficiently studied to date.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"There is a pressing need for alternative treatments against the liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini Oral tribendimidine is a promising candidate, but its population pharmacokinetic properties are unknown."( Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Tribendimidine Metabolites in Opisthorchis viverrini-Infected Adults.
Duthaler, U; Keiser, J; Odermatt, P; Penny, MA; Sayasone, S; Tarning, J; Vanobberghen, F, 2016)		0.92
" Tribendimidine has emerged as a potential treatment alternative; however, its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties have not been sufficiently studied to date."( Single-Ascending-Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Tribendimidine in Opisthorchis viverrini-Infected Patients.
Duthaler, U; Huwyler, J; Keiser, J; Odermatt, P; Penny, MA; Sayasone, S; Vanobbergen, F, 2016)		1.6

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The absorption rate was 56% lower with 200-mg tablets than with 50-mg tablets, while the extent of absorption remained unaffected."( Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response Analysis of Tribendimidine To Improve Treatment for Children with Hookworm Infection.
Brussee, JM; Coulibaly, JT; Hiroshige, N; Keiser, J; Neodo, A; Pfister, M, 2021)		0.86

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Whilst administration of tribendimidine at smaller but multiple doses given within 2-3 days at the same total dosage resulted in a slightly higher worm reduction (77."( [Effect of tribendimidine, artesunate, artemether and praziquantel, administered intragastrically at single, multiple or combined doses, to rats infected with Clonorchis sinensis].
Keiser, J; Liu, XY; Qiang, HQ; Tanner, M; Utzinger, J; Xiao, SH; Xue, J; Zhang, YN, 2008)		1.04
" Data from previous experiments were included, and negative binomial regression analyses were carried out to determine dose-response relationships and to study the effect of drug combination."( Combination chemotherapy against Clonorchis sinensis: experiments with artemether, artesunate, OZ78, praziquantel, and tribendimidine in a rat model.
Keiser, J; Smith, TA; Utzinger, J; Xiao, SH, 2009)		0.56
" sinensis, dosed orally with single agents or combination treatments and flukes recovered at 3 or 5 days post-treatment."( Effect of artemether, artesunate, OZ78, praziquantel, and tribendimidine alone or in combination chemotherapy on the tegument of Clonorchis sinensis.
Keiser, J; Vargas, M, 2010)		0.6
" The primary objective was to estimate the dose-response relation in terms of cure rate and egg reduction rate."( Efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against Opisthorchis viverrini: two randomised, parallel-group, single-blind, dose-ranging, phase 2 trials.
Akkhavong, K; Duthaler, U; Hattendorf, J; Keiser, J; Odermatt, P; Sayasone, S; Senggnam, K; Vonghachack, Y; Xayavong, S, 2016)		0.74
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (9)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID283345Reduction of female worm burden in Schistosoma mansoni Liberian infected NMRI mouse at 800 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
AID283347Effect on Fasciola hepatica infected Wistar rat assessed as infection cured rats at 800 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
AID283344Reduction of worm burden in Fasciola hepatica infected Wistar rat at 800 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
AID283346Reduction of total worm burden in Schistosoma mansoni Liberian infection NMRI mouse at 800 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
AID283348Effect on Schistosoma mansoni Liberian infected Wistar rat assessed as infection cured rats at 400 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
AID283340Reduction of worm burden in Clonorchis sinensis infected Wistar rat at 150 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
AID283341Reduction of worm burden in Clonorchis sinensis infected Wistar rat at 75 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
AID283343Reduction of worm burden in Opisthorchis viverrini infected Syrian Gold hamster at 200 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
AID283342Reduction of worm burden in Opisthorchis viverrini infected Syrian Gold hamster at 400 mg/kg, po relative to control2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 51, Issue:3
Evaluation of the in vivo activity of tribendimidine against Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (74)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (5.41)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's18 (24.32)29.6817
2010's47 (63.51)24.3611
2020's5 (6.76)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 31.43

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index31.43 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.54 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.51 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index39.83 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (31.43)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials17 (22.37%)5.53%
Reviews10 (13.16%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other49 (64.47%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
albendazole
[no description available]		7.05146aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.1110N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		3.710conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.9542aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0810azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		8.84184isoquinolines
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.4620adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.03101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.99406-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
amidantel
amidantel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		10.861
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.6120benzamides;
carboxylic ester
triclabendazole
[no description available]		3.1510aromatic ether
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		3.1510organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		4.460artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
artesunic acid
[no description available]		6.0481
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.1710biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		7.51201,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
quinine
[no description available]		2.0810cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
pyrantel pamoate
Pyrantel Pamoate: Broad spectrum antinematodal anthelmintic used also in veterinary medicine.		5.4172organic molecular entity
oxantel pamoate
[no description available]		10.2452naphthoic acid
oxepins
Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.		2.5220
bay 44-4400
Bay 44-4400: a semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide; PF1022A. emodepside : A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats.		2.520cyclooctadepsipeptide;
semisynthetic derivative		antinematodal drug
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		4.3450
mefloquine
Mefloquine: A phospholipid-interacting antimalarial drug (ANTIMALARIALS). It is very effective against PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM with very few side effects.. mefloquine : A racemate composed of (+)-(11R,2'S)- and (-)-(11S,2'R)-enantiomers of mefloquine. An antimalarial agent which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		9.9521
derquantel
derquantel: an antihelmintic		7.5220azaspiro compound
moxidectin
moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity		9.8332
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		3.710cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Fasciola Infection
[description not available]		02.0310
Clonorchiasis
Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		07.41142
Schistosoma mansoni Infection
[description not available]		02.0310
Fascioliasis
Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.		02.0310
Schistosomiasis mansoni
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.		02.0310
Neglected Diseases
Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).		03.5210
Bertielliasis
[description not available]		03.1210
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		06.4261
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		03.1210
Infections, Taenia
[description not available]		04.821
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.		07.5483
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		06.4261
Taeniasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.		04.821
Ascariasis
Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.		06.8164
Bunostomiasis
[description not available]		06.3985
Trichocephaliasis
[description not available]		06.2675
Hookworm Infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.		06.3985
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		05.6732
Trichuriasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.		06.2675
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		04.4722
Opisthorchis felineus Infection
[description not available]		06.75106
Opisthorchiasis
Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.		06.75106
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		04.4722
Helminthiasis, Animal
Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.		02.2110
Bancroftian Elephantiasis
[description not available]		02.0810
Elephantiasis, Filarial
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.		02.0810
Angiostrongylus Infections
[description not available]		03.8940
Echinostomiasis
Infection by flukes of the genus Echinostoma.		02.4620
Co-infection
[description not available]		08.4811
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.		02.1110
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		04.6432
Anguilluliasis
[description not available]		03.8321
Strongyloidiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.		03.8321
Fasciolopsiasis
[description not available]		03.8420
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.76100
Necatoriasis
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus NECATOR. The resulting anemia from this condition is less severe than that from ANCYLOSTOMIASIS.		02.9140
Human Trichinellosis
[description not available]		02.7630
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.		02.7630
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		02.9710
Ancylostomiasis
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.		02.420
Trichostrongyloidiasis
Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.		02.0710
Hymenolepiasis
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.		02.0710
Enterobiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ENTEROBIUS; E. vermicularis, the pinworm of man, causes a crawling sensation and pruritus. This condition results in scratching the area, occasionally causing scarification.		03.4111