Compounds > morantel
Page last updated: 2024-11-11

morantel

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Morantel: Antinematodal agent used mainly for livestock. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5353792
CHEMBL ID1240978
CHEBI ID94736
SCHEMBL ID123923
MeSH IDM0014057
PubMed CID60196268
CHEMBL ID3186280
MeSH IDM0014057

Synonyms (62)

Synonym
IDI1_000866
SPECTRUM5_001573
NCGC00178575-01
NCGC00178575-02
BSPBIO_002611
einecs 243-890-8
morantel
pyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl)-, (e)-
uk 2964-18
trans-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)vinyl)pyrimidine
morantelum [inn-latin]
(e)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)vinyl)pyrimidin
morantel [inn:ban]
morantel (ban)
20574-50-9
D08230
paratect flex [veterinary] (tn)
1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)ethenyl]-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine
CHEMBL1240978
morantelum
unii-7nj031hax5
7nj031hax5 ,
morantel [mi]
morantel [mart.]
(e)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)vinyl)pyrimidine
morantel [inn]
BRD-K74820615-045-01-9
SCHEMBL123923
DTXSID9048562 ,
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(3-methyl-2-thiophenyl)ethenyl]-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine
2,3-bis(oxidanyl)butanedioic acid;1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)ethenyl]-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine
bdbm62879
1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)vinyl]-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine;tartaric acid
cid_6419965
pyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl]-, (e)-
1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl]-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine
trans-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[(3-methyl-2-thienyl)vinyl]pyrimidine
(e)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-(2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl)pyrimidine
NVEPPWDVLBMNMB-SNAWJCMRSA-N
banminth ii (salt/mix)
AB00053685_12
pyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[(1e)-2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl]-
CHEBI:94736
SBI-0051865.P002
(e)-1-methyl-2-(2-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine
20574-50-9 (free base)
(e)-morantel
Q27268618
pyrimidine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl-2-[(e)-2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)ethenyl]-
morantel (mart.)
morantelum (inn-latin)
dtxcid2028191
paratect flex (veterinary)
morantel tartrate
26155-31-7
dtxsid2045575 ,
tox21_110773
dtxcid0025575
tox21_110773_1
NCGC00178575-05
CHEMBL3186280
AKOS037515731

Research Excerpts

Overview

Morantel does not bind to the canonical ACh binding sites. Dihydro-beta-erythroidine inhibits morantel-evoked currents noncompetitively.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Morantel is a very weak agonist alone, but we show that the classic competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine inhibits morantel-evoked currents noncompetitively, indicating that morantel does not bind to the canonical ACh binding sites."( Morantel allosterically enhances channel gating of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 3 beta 2 receptors.
Levandoski, MM; Sine, SM; Smith, CM; Wu, TY, 2008)		2.51

Treatment

Morantel treated cattle grew significantly faster than the ivermectin treated group during the period of treatment. Morantel tartrate treatment (8 mg kg-1) was efficient in reducing the gastrointestinal nematode egg output and fenbendazole treatment (15 mg kg/day) was effective in reducing small lungworm larvae faecal output.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Morantel tartrate treatment (8 mg kg-1) was efficient in reducing the gastrointestinal nematode egg output and fenbendazole treatment (15 mg kg-1) was efficient in reducing the gastrointestinal nematode egg and small lungworm larvae faecal output."( Gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections decrease goat productivity in Moroccan semi-arid conditions.
Berrag, B; Cabaret, J, 1998)		1.02
"The morantel treated cattle grew significantly faster than the ivermectin treated group during the period of treatment, on average at 0.80 kg/day compared with 0.71 kg/day (P less than 0.01)."( Comparison of two early season anthelmintic programmes on a commercial beef farm.
Caldow, GL; Hunt, K; Taylor, MA, 1989)		0.76

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The morantel peak concentration (Cmax) was achieved at Day 1 post-administration in each of these compartments."( Morantel tartrate release from a long-acting intraruminal device in cattle: pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal distribution.
Gascon, LH; Lanusse, CE; Prichard, RK; Ranjan, S, 1992)		2.24

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"A comparative hazard assessment of the antiparasitics ivermectin, albendazole, and morantel was performed, with a particular focus on bioavailability and uptake into biological membranes."( Membrane-water partitioning, membrane permeability, and baseline toxicity of the parasiticides ivermectin, albendazole, and morantel.
Avdeef, A; Berger, C; Bramaz, N; Escher, BI; Kwon, JH; Richter, M; Tsinman, O, 2008)		0.78
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

At therapeutic dosage rates albendazole was 32,5% effective against the adult stage of Ostertagia spp. Eleven lactating cows of various ages, periods of lactation, and known milk production were orally dosed with the bolus formulation of morantel tartrate.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" It is suggested that this drug may be used at the dosage rate of 7,5 mg per kg live body weight under field condition at least twice in a year, at the beginning and at the end of the rainy season."( [Study of the effectiveness of morantel tartrate (Exhelm II) in bovine gastrointestinal strongylosis in Ivory Coast].
Belot, J; Camus, E; Mishra, GS, )		0.42
" The time-course of arrival calculated from drug pulse data corrected for persistent effects was compared with direct counts of larvae arriving in the intestines of rats not dosed with anthelmintic."( A basis to extend the proof of migration routes of immature parasites inside hosts: estimated time of arrival of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Strongyloides ratti in the gut of the rat.
Tindall, NR; Wilson, PA, 1990)		0.28
" contortus was not removed at a dosage of 200 micrograms kg-1 live mass."( South African field strains of Haemonchus contortus resistant to the levamisole/morantel group of anthelmintics.
Alves, RM; Gerger, HM; van Schalkwyk, L; van Schalkwyk, PC; van Wyk, JA; Visser, EL, 1989)		0.5
" One group was dosed at turnout with the OPRB, the second group with the MSRB and the third group left as nontreated controls."( Control of gastrointestinal parasitism with an oxfendazole pulse-release anthelmintic device.
Bell, SL; Thomas, RJ, 1988)		0.27
" Relative potencies of the drugs were determined from dose-response relationships and the rank order of effectiveness was as follows: carbachol much greater than levamisole greater than pyrantel greater than morantel."( Actions of potent cholinergic anthelmintics (morantel, pyrantel and levamisole) on an identified insect neurone reveal pharmacological differences between nematode and insect acetylcholine receptors.
Gration, KA; Harrow, ID; Pinnock, RD; Sattelle, DB, 1988)		0.72
" It was demonstrated that the presence of the drug in the faeces of dosed calves prevented the maturation of approximately 99 per cent of O ostertagi eggs to infective larvae between days 7 and 84 after the administration of a bolus and of 75 per cent on day 91."( Larvicidal properties against Ostertagia ostertagi of the faeces of calves treated with a sustained release formulation of morantel tartrate.
Purnell, RE; Rossiter, LM; Seymour, DJ, 1988)		0.48
" Advantages include, the ability to programme the release of compounds to achieve specific effects for various periods, decreasing the frequency of dosage and increasing the choice of compounds for the control of parasitic infections."( Controlled release technology for the control of helminths in ruminants.
Anderson, N, 1985)		0.27
" This paper was presented at Pfizer Symposium on The Application of Sustained Release Anthelmintic Dosage Forms in the Control of Parasites in Grazing Animals at the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W."( Potential problems associated with the controlled release of anthelmintics in grazing animals.
Herd, RP, 1984)		0.27
" At therapeutic dosage rates albendazole was 32,5%, thiabendazole 0%, oxfendazole 14,9% and morantel 91,4% effective against the adult stage of Ostertagia spp."( [Two cases of Ostertagia spp. in sheep showing resistance to benzimidazole anthelmintics].
Geyser, TL; Rezin, VS; Van Schalkwyk, PC, 1983)		0.49
" Cows and calves from the latter group were treated with a bolus formulation of MT at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight at the beginning of the trial and again 55 d later."( Effect of an anthelmintic program with morantel tartrate on the performance of beef cattle.
Calvert, GV; Ciordia, H; McCampbell, HC, 1982)		0.53
" Group 1 calves (T-1) served as untreated controls while group 2 calves (T-2) were dosed at turnout with MSRT bolus designed to release morantel tartrate continuously for 90 days."( Efficacy of morantel sustained release trilaminate bolus against gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing dairy calves in Kenya.
Bøgh, HO; Gathuma, JM; Munyua, WK; Nansen, P; Thamsborg, SM; Waruiru, RM; Weda, EH, 1997)		0.88
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (6)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.56940.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347395; AID1347398
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.12350.000221.22318,912.5098AID743042
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.01980.000229.305416,493.5996AID743075
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.76190.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.84930.001628.015177.1139AID1259385
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.12540.01789.637444.6684AID588834
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (37)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID510316Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 assessed as mean generation time at 62.5 uM2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm by oxantel.
AID510312Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis W502010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm by oxantel.
AID510314Antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 assessed as mean generation time at 31.25 uM2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Inhibition of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm by oxantel.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (188)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990121 (64.36)18.7374
1990's34 (18.09)18.2507
2000's12 (6.38)29.6817
2010's11 (5.85)24.3611
2020's10 (5.32)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.74

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index28.74 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.28 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.36 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index53.87 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.00 (0.95)

This Compound (28.74)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials6 (3.17%)5.53%
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews7 (3.70%)6.00%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies2 (1.06%)4.05%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other174 (92.06%)84.16%
Other9 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbamates
[no description available]		1.9610amino-acid anion
choline
[no description available]		2.4220cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2102-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		1.9610aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
albendazole
[no description available]		8.3770aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
diminazene
Diminazene: An effective trypanocidal agent.. diminazene : A triazene derivative that is triazene in which each of the terminal nitrogens is substituted by a 4-carbamimidoylphenyl group.		1.9510carboxamidine;
triazene derivative		antiparasitic agent;
trypanocidal drug
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		1.9510aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
coumaphos
Coumaphos: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.		1.9610organic thiophosphate;
organochlorine compound;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.6530N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
fenbendazole
Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.		3.84120aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		6.9710thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
tetramisole
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.		7.8740imidazothiazoleenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		2.3820aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		1.9710primary aliphatic amine
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		1.9910benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
piperazine
[no description available]		2.3720azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		1.9610isoquinolines
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		2.0110fluoride saltmutagen
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		4.532501,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		6.9810benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		1.9710ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		6.9610organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		7.0510amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		6.9510bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		1.9610phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
3-dimethylaminopropylamine
3-dimethylaminopropylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710
thiazoles
[no description available]		2101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
haloxon
haloxon: structure		1.9610
bunamidine
bunamidine: veterinary anti-platyhelmintic agent used for taenia infestations; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search AMIDINES (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
naftalofos
naftalofos: structure		1.9710organic heterotricyclic compoundanthelminthic drug
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		8.724826-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
rafoxanide
Rafoxanide: Veterinary anthelmintic for grazing animals; used to treat fluke, hookworm and other infestations.		1.9610
cambendazole
Cambendazole: A nematocide effective against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle, sheep, and horses.		2.3620
amidantel
amidantel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		6.9710
oxfendazole
[no description available]		4.87110benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
sulfoxide		antinematodal drug
clorsulon
clorsulon: potent fasciolicide; structure		1.9610benzenes;
sulfonamide
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		2.0110trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
acridine orange
Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.		1.9610aminoacridines;
aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye
perfluoropropionic acid
perfluoropropionic acid: ion pairing reagent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
methyridine
methyridine: veterinary anthelmintic & nematocide; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PYRIDINES (75-85)		210pyridines
albendazole sulfoxide
albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		210sulfoxide
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		1.97103-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
paraherquamide
paraherquamide: structure very similar to marcfortine A; RN given refers to the (1'alpha,5'abeta,7'beta,8'abeta,9'abeta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 6/90		2.0310
tartaric acid
tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.		2.0110tartaric acidEscherichia coli metabolite
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		2.3720retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		4.131601,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
thiophanate
Thiophanate: Nematocide used in livestock; also has fungicidal properties.. thiophanate : A member of the class of thioureas that is the diethyl ester of (1,2-phenylenedicarbamothioyl)biscarbamic acid. A fungicide effective against a broad spectrum of diseases in fruit, vegetables, turf and other crops including eyespot, scab, powdery mildew and grey mould.		1.9610benzimidazole precursor fungicide;
carbamate ester;
carbamate fungicide;
thioureas		antifungal drug
oxantel
oxantel: oxyphenyl analog of pyrantel; RN given refers to (E)-isomer; synonym CP-14,445-16 refers to oxantel pamoate		3.4270styrenes
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		210butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
22,23-dihydroavermectin b(1)a
22,23-dihydroavermectin B(1)a: C48H74O14; major component of IVERMECTIN; MW 875.093; structure given in first source. 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a : A macrocyclic lactone that is avermectin B1a in which the double bond present in the spirocyclic ring system has been reduced to a single bond. It is the major component of ivermectin.		1.9810macrocyclic lactone;
spiroketal
pyrantel tartrate
Pyrantel Tartrate: Broad spectrum anthelmintic for livestock.		1.9510
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		8.8282
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.0110
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		2.610
moxidectin
moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity		4.0240
avermectin
avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.		1.9610
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		02.0510
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		04.1131
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		07.96491
Palsy
[description not available]		02.3110
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		02.3110
Ascaridida Infections
Infections with nematodes of the order ASCARIDIDA.		03.5311
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0110
Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic
Bovine respiratory disease found in animals that have been shipped or exposed to CATTLE recently transported. The major agent responsible for the disease is MANNHEIMIA HAEMOLYTICA and less commonly, PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA or HAEMOPHILUS SOMNUS. All three agents are normal inhabitants of the bovine nasal pharyngeal mucosa but not the LUNG. They are considered opportunistic pathogens following STRESS, PHYSIOLOGICAL and/or a viral infection. The resulting bacterial fibrinous BRONCHOPNEUMONIA is often fatal.		02.0110
Caprine Diseases
[description not available]		02.9140
Peste-des-Petits-Ruminants
A highly fatal contagious disease of goats and sheep caused by PESTE-DES-PETITS-RUMINANTS VIRUS. The disease may be acute or subacute and is characterized by stomatitis, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and pneumonia.		02.0110
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.		06.98422
Haemonchiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.		04.9691
Trichostrongyloidiasis
Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.		06.39411
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		09.4843
Dictyocauliasis
[description not available]		03.67100
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		06.71322
Ostertagiasis
A disease of herbivorous mammals, particularly cattle and sheep, caused by stomach worms of the genus OSTERTAGIA.		09.64280
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		05.54120
Helminthiasis, Animal
Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.		05.54120
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		05.54120
Abortion, Veterinary
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.		01.9610
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		01.9610
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		03.3670
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		01.9610
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		07.53292
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		04.2741
Bertielliasis
[description not available]		02.3720
Maggot Infestations
[description not available]		01.9610
Aspiculariasis
[description not available]		01.9610
Equine Strongyle Infections
[description not available]		02.6630
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		05.29131
Parasite Infections
[description not available]		02.6530
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.		02.6530
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		02.3620
Trichostrongylosis
Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.		05.54171
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		01.9610
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		01.9510
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		01.9810
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		01.9810
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		04.6161
Fasciola Infection
[description not available]		03.3811
Fascioliasis
Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.		03.3811
Lung Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).		02.3720
Angiostrongylus Infections
[description not available]		02.3920
Bunostomiasis
[description not available]		01.9510
Oesophagostomiasis
Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.		01.9510
Hookworm Infections
Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.		01.9510
Anguilluliasis
[description not available]		02.6530
Strongyloidiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.		02.6530
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		01.9510
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		01.9510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.4320
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.3720
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		02.3720
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		01.9710
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.3720
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		01.9710
Fasciolopsiasis
[description not available]		01.9610
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		01.9710
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		01.9610
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510