Compounds > monepantel
Page last updated: 2024-11-13

monepantel

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Description

monepantel: Anthelmintic; effective gainst fourth stage gastro-intestinal nematode larvae infecting sheep [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

monepantel : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of p-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding 5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ether. A broad-spectrum nematicide, it is used to control gastrointestinal roundworms in sheep and goats. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID44449087
CHEMBL ID256563
CHEBI ID78621
SCHEMBL ID1547706
MeSH IDM0528009

Synonyms (30)

Synonym
CHEMBL256563
chebi:78621 ,
monepantel
unii-82ma79vj33
887148-69-8
monepantel [inn]
82ma79vj33 ,
n-(2-cyano-1-((2s)-5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)benzamide
zolvix
benzamide, n-((1s)-1-cyano-2-(5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)-1-methylethyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)thio)-
monepantel [mi]
zolvix component monepantel
monepantel [ema epar veterinary]
monepantel component of zolvix
n-{(2s)-2-cyano-1-[5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl}-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]benzamide
monepantelum
SCHEMBL1547706
n-[(1s)-1-cyano-2-(5-cyano-2-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-1-methyl-ethyl]-4-trifluoromethylsulfanyl-benzamide
HY-14774
CS-6054
AKOS032945015
Q27147876
aad1566
NCGC00522551-01
benzamide, n-[(1s)-1-cyano-2-[5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-1-methylethyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]-
benzamide, n-[(1s)-1-cyano-2-[5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-1-methylethyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]-;monepantel
A901727
MS-28765
n-[(2s)-2-cyano-1-[5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-2-yl]-4-(trifluoromethylsulfanyl)benzamide
wternldoapygjd-sfhvurjksa-n

Research Excerpts

Overview

Monepantel is a member of the recently identified class of anthelmintics known as the amino-acetonitrile derivatives. It is intended for the treatment and control of gastrointestinal roundworms (nematodes) infection and associated disease in sheep.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Monepantel is an anti-helminthic drug that also has anti-cancer properties. "( Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with the anti-tumor activity of monepantel across cancer types.
Aston, R; Evangelista, M; Fairlie, WD; Harris, TJ; Lee, EF; Liao, Y; Mariadason, JM; Mollard, R; Pal, B; Puthalakath, H; Shi, W, 2023)		2.58
"Monepantel is an approved veterinary anthelmintic with a strong safety profile. "( A preliminary assessment of oral monepantel's tolerability and pharmacokinetics in individuals with treatment-refractory solid tumors.
Aston, R; Brown, MP; Fairlie, WD; Harris, TJ; Lee, EF; Mislang, A; Mollard, R; Tapia Rico, G, 2020)		2.28
"Monepantel is a member of the recently identified class of anthelmintics known as the amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs). "( acr-23 Encodes a monepantel-sensitive channel in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Baur, R; Bedoni, N; Beech, R; Bouvier, J; Glauser, DA; Puoti, A; Rey, S; Rufener, L; Sigel, E, 2013)		2.17
"Monepantel (MOP) is a new anthelmintic drug intended for the treatment and control of gastrointestinal roundworms (nematodes) infection and associated disease in sheep. "( Metabolic pathways of anthelmintic drug monepantel in sheep and in its parasite (Haemonchus contortus).
Holčapek, M; Jirásko, R; Lamka, J; Skálová, L; Stuchlíková, L; Szotáková, B; Valát, M; Vokřál, I, 2014)		2.11
"Monepantel is a recently developed anthelmintic with a novel mode of action. "( Monepantel irreversibly binds to and opens Haemonchus contortus MPTL-1 and Caenorhabditis elegans ACR-20 receptors.
Baur, R; Beech, R; Rufener, L; Sigel, E, 2015)		3.3
"Monepantel (MNP) is a new amino-acetonitrile derivative anthelmintic drug used for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in sheep. "( Hepatic biotransformation pathways and ruminal metabolic stability of the novel anthelmintic monepantel in sheep and cattle.
Ballent, M; Lanusse, C; Lifschitz, A; Maté, L; Virkel, G; Viviani, P, 2016)		2.1
"Monepantel is a new oral anthelmintic drug for use in sheep at a dose of 2.5 mg active ingredient/kg body weight."( Assessment of risk of monepantel faecal residues to dung fauna.
Hoffmann, S; Skripsky, T, 2010)		1.4

Treatment

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The treatment with monepantel was well tolerated by the sheep."( The efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative, against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in three countries of southern Latin America.
Bonino Morlán, J; Bustamante, M; Cardozo, H; Castells, D; Echevarria, F; Fiel, CA; Hosking, BC; Steffan, PE, 2009)		1.02

Toxicity

Repeated oral administration of monepantel at three times the MRD every 5 days over an entire spermatogenic cycle and during mating was not associated with any treatment-related adverse effects. Fasting or feeding had no statistically significant effects on the efficacy of the mone pantel solution against the nematodes.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" All sheep were inspected at least daily, to check for any adverse effects of treatment."( A large-scale clinical field study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oral formulation of the amino-acetonitrile derivative ( AAD ), monepantel , in sheep in New Zealand.
Chamberlain, B; Cole, DJ; Griffiths, TM; Hosking, BC; Kaye-Smith, BG; Mason, PC; McKay, CH; Nottingham, RM; Seewald, W, 2009)		0.55
" The monepantel solution used in this study was well tolerated by the sheep, and no adverse events could be attributed to its use."( A large-scale clinical field study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an oral formulation of the amino-acetonitrile derivative ( AAD ), monepantel , in sheep in New Zealand.
Chamberlain, B; Cole, DJ; Griffiths, TM; Hosking, BC; Kaye-Smith, BG; Mason, PC; McKay, CH; Nottingham, RM; Seewald, W, 2009)		1.07
" Detailed recording at multiple time points were made of veterinary examinations, observations for adverse events, bodyweight measurements, faecal scores, and haematology, clinical chemistry and coagulation variables."( Safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative ( AAD ), monepantel, in weaned lambs following repeated oral administration.
Alexander, A; Helbig, R; Hosking, BC; Malikides, N; Roth, DR; Strehlau, GA, 2009)		0.6
" No treatment-related, toxicologically relevant adverse events, clinical observations or macroscopic or microscopic changes were observed."( Safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative ( AAD ), monepantel, in weaned lambs following repeated oral administration.
Alexander, A; Helbig, R; Hosking, BC; Malikides, N; Roth, DR; Strehlau, GA, 2009)		0.6
"Repeated oral administration of monepantel at the MRD and three and five times the MRD every 3 weeks for eight treatments was not associated with any treatment-related adverse effects and was systemically very well tolerated in weaned, growing lambs."( Safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative ( AAD ), monepantel, in weaned lambs following repeated oral administration.
Alexander, A; Helbig, R; Hosking, BC; Malikides, N; Roth, DR; Strehlau, GA, 2009)		0.89
" Detailed recording at multiple time points were made of veterinary examinations; observations for adverse events; bodyweight measurements; faecal scores; haematology, clinical chemistry and coagulation variables; semen indices; evaluation of serving capacity; and gross pathology (including measurement of organ weights) performed on 10 rams from each group at the completion of the study."( Reproductive safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD), monepantel, in rams following repeated oral administration.
Baker, K; Debenedetti, R; George, B; Hall, C; Helbig, R; Mahoney, R; Malikides, N; Spencer, K; Strehlau, GA; Vanhoff, K, 2009)		0.59
" No treatment-related, toxicologically relevant adverse events, clinical observations or macroscopic changes were observed."( Reproductive safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD), monepantel, in rams following repeated oral administration.
Baker, K; Debenedetti, R; George, B; Hall, C; Helbig, R; Mahoney, R; Malikides, N; Spencer, K; Strehlau, GA; Vanhoff, K, 2009)		0.59
"Repeated oral administration of monepantel at three times the MRD every 5 days over an entire spermatogenic cycle and during mating was not associated with any treatment-related adverse effects on the reproductive performance of rams and was systemically very well tolerated."( Reproductive safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD), monepantel, in rams following repeated oral administration.
Baker, K; Debenedetti, R; George, B; Hall, C; Helbig, R; Mahoney, R; Malikides, N; Spencer, K; Strehlau, GA; Vanhoff, K, 2009)		0.88
" Fasting or feeding had no statistically significant effects on the efficacy of the monepantel solution against the nematodes, and the period of fasting had no adverse effects."( Effect of fasting sheep for a short period on the efficacy and safety of monepantel.
Hosking, BC; Stein, PA, 2009)		0.81
" Detailed recording at multiple time points were made of veterinary examinations; observations for adverse events; bodyweight measurements; faecal scores; and haematology, clinical chemistry and coagulation variables."( Safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD), monepantel, in ewes and their offspring following repeated oral administration.
Baker, K; Debenedetti, R; Hall, C; Mahoney, R; Malikides, N; Spencer, K; Strehlau, GA; Vanhoff, K, 2009)		0.61
" No treatment-related, toxicologically relevant adverse events, clinical observations or gross post-mortem changes were observed."( Safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD), monepantel, in ewes and their offspring following repeated oral administration.
Baker, K; Debenedetti, R; Hall, C; Mahoney, R; Malikides, N; Spencer, K; Strehlau, GA; Vanhoff, K, 2009)		0.61
"Repeated oral administration of monepantel at three times the MRD every 5 days over an entire reproductive cycle was not associated with any treatment-related adverse effects on the reproductive performance of ewes nor on the viability of their offspring, and was systemically very well tolerated."( Safety of an amino-acetonitrile derivative (AAD), monepantel, in ewes and their offspring following repeated oral administration.
Baker, K; Debenedetti, R; Hall, C; Mahoney, R; Malikides, N; Spencer, K; Strehlau, GA; Vanhoff, K, 2009)		0.89
" Monepantel was safe for the target animals and human operators when used in a field situation."( Clinical field study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the amino-acetonitrile derivative, monepantel, compared with registered anthelmintics against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Australia.
Besier, RB; Griffiths, TM; Hosking, BC; Kaye-Smith, BG; Le Feuvre, AS; Nilon, P; Seewald, W; Trengove, C; Vanhoff, KJ; Woodgate, RG, 2009)		1.48
" There were no treatment-related adverse events during the study, which included the use of a range of concomitant treatments."( European field study of the efficacy and safety of the novel anthelmintic monepantel in sheep.
Dobson, DP; Hunter, RP; Jones, MD; Kubacki, P; Reymond, N; Strehlau, GA; Tranchard, ES; Walters, ME, 2010)		0.59
" These results, considered in the light of an earlier series of studies demonstrating the efficacy of monepantel in older animals, and an absence of any adverse events, provides strong support for the use of monepantel as a safe and effective anthelmintic in lambs from six weeks of age."( Safety and efficacy against fourth-stage gastrointestinal nematode larvae, of monepantel in 6-week old lambs.
George, SD; Hosking, BC; Rolfe, PF; Stein, PA, 2012)		0.82

Pharmacokinetics

Merino lambs had significantly greater maximum concentrations of monepantel and mone pantel sulfone. They also had faster times to reach these concentrations than Dorset cross lambs. The same pattern was observed in the pharmacokinetic analysis.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The pharmacokinetic properties of the developmental Amino-Acetonitrile Derivative (AAD), monepantel and its sulfone metabolite, monepantel sulfone were investigated in sheep following intravenous (i."( Pharmacokinetics of monepantel and its sulfone metabolite, monepantel sulfone, after intravenous and oral administration in sheep.
Bouvier, J; Browning, A; Giraudel, JM; Karadzovska, D; Seewald, W; Smal, M, 2009)		0.9
" In a comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles from two studies, Merino lambs had significantly greater maximum concentrations of monepantel and monepantel sulfone, and faster times to reach these concentrations than Dorset cross lambs."( The effect of sheep breed, age, and gender on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of monepantel, an amino-acetonitrile derivative.
Giraudel, JM; Hosking, BC; Kaminsky, R; Karadzovska, D; Sager, H; Seewald, W; Vercruysse, J, 2010)		0.79
" The same pattern was observed in the pharmacokinetic analysis, with lambs treated orally having more favourable exposure to monepantel and its sulfone metabolite (albeit in all but one instance not significantly different) than the lambs treated by the other routes of administration, which were very similar for most parameters."( Effect of route of administration on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of an experimental formulation of the amino-acetonitrile derivative monepantel in sheep.
Giraudel, JM; Hosking, BC; House, JK; Karadzovska, D; Seewald, W; Stein, PA, 2010)		0.77
" The aim of the current review article was to provide an overview of the relationship between the pharmacokinetic features of different anthelmintic drugs, their availability in host tissues, accumulation within target helminths and resulting therapeutic efficacy."( Host pharmacokinetics and drug accumulation of anthelmintics within target helminth parasites of ruminants.
Alvarez, L; Lanusse, C; Lifschitz, A, 2017)		0.46

Dosage Studied

Monepantel dosed orally at 2.5 mg sulfone per kg dung observed under an exaggerated dosing regime in sheep indicates no risk to insect dung fauna.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"5 mg sulfone per kg dung observed under an exaggerated dosing regime in sheep indicates that monepantel poses no risk to insect dung fauna when used as recommended."( Assessment of risk of monepantel faecal residues to dung fauna.
Hoffmann, S; Skripsky, T, 2010)		0.89
" The resistant isolate showed the presence of two distinct subpopulations, separated by a plateau in the dose-response curve."( Larval development assays reveal the presence of sub-populations showing high- and low-level resistance in a monepantel (Zolvix®)-resistant isolate of Haemonchus contortus.
Chambers, M; Hunt, PW; Kotze, AC; Lamb, J; Raza, A, 2016)		0.65
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
anthelminthic drugSubstance intended to kill parasitic worms (helminths).
nematicideA substance used to destroy pests of the phylum Nematoda (roundworms).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (5)

ClassDescription
nitrileA compound having the structure RC#N; thus a C-substituted derivative of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N. In systematic nomenclature, the suffix nitrile denotes the triply bound #N atom, not the carbon atom attached to it.
aryl sulfideAny organic sulfide in which the sulfur is attached to at least one aromatic group.
aromatic etherAny ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent.
(trifluoromethyl)benzenesAn organofluorine compound that is (trifluoromethyl)benzene and derivatives arising from substitution of one or more of the phenyl hydrogens.
secondary carboxamideA carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with a primary amine; formula RC(=O)NHR(1).
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Spike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusPotency12.58930.009610.525035.4813AID1479145
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Ceullar Components (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
virion membraneSpike glycoproteinSevere acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (6)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID331640Anthelmintic activity against levamisole-resistant Trichostrongylus colubriformis isolate by larva development assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 18, Issue:9
Discovery of amino-acetonitrile derivatives, a new class of synthetic anthelmintic compounds.
AID1736420Anti-helmintic activity against fourth stage of Haemonchus contortus larvae assessed as reduction in development of L4 stage incubated for 72 hrs followed by reincubation in humidified environment for 4 days2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 190Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of pyrrolidine-oxadiazoles as anthelmintics against Haemonchus contortus.
AID1736421Cytotoxicity against human MCF-10A cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability at 50 uM measured after 48 hrs by DAPI staining based analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 190Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of pyrrolidine-oxadiazoles as anthelmintics against Haemonchus contortus.
AID1736419Anti-helmintic activity against third-stage Haemonchus contortus larvae assessed as inhibition of xL3 motility measured after 72 hrs2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 190Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of pyrrolidine-oxadiazoles as anthelmintics against Haemonchus contortus.
AID1736428Cytotoxicity against human MCF-10A cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability measured after 48 hrs by DAPI staining based analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 190Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of pyrrolidine-oxadiazoles as anthelmintics against Haemonchus contortus.
AID331639Anthelmintic activity against benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus isolate by larva development assay2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 18, Issue:9
Discovery of amino-acetonitrile derivatives, a new class of synthetic anthelmintic compounds.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (86)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's14 (16.28)29.6817
2010's62 (72.09)24.3611
2020's10 (11.63)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 43.43

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index43.43 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.66 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.80 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index67.04 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.09 (0.95)

This Compound (43.43)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials17 (19.32%)5.53%
Reviews5 (5.68%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other66 (75.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		2.1110amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
choline
[no description available]		2.4820cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
albendazole
[no description available]		2.6320aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
fenbendazole
Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.		2.2110aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		2.1310aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.610benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		2.48201,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.1310benzodioxolespesticide synergist
benzimidazole
1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.		2.4820benzimidazole;
polycyclic heteroarene
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.1610butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.1310mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.06101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
carvacrol
carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).		7.2510botanical anti-fungal agent;
p-menthane monoterpenoid;
phenols		agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
flavouring agent;
TRPA1 channel agonist;
volatile oil component
aminoacetonitrile
Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.		12.88016
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		3.17506-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
flubendazole
flubendazole: the p-fluoro analog of mebendazole. flubendazole : A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.		2.1310aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound		antinematodal drug;
teratogenic agent
oxfendazole
[no description available]		2.1710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
sulfoxide		antinematodal drug
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		2.5520benzamides;
carboxylic ester
closantel
closantel: structure. N-{5-chloro-4-[(4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl]-2-methylphenyl}-2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzamide : An aromatic amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,5-diiodosalicylic acid with the amino group of aniline substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by methyl, (4-chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl, and methyl groups respectively.. closantel : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-clostanel. An anthelmintic, it is used (as the dihydrate of the sodium salt) in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fluke and nematode infections.		3.9430aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile;
organoiodine compound;
phenols
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.1610diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
albendazole sulfoxide
albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		3.9911sulfoxide
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		2.06103-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		2.1710proanthocyanidin
firocoxib
firocoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor; structure in first source. firocoxib : An enol ether that is the cyclopropylmethyl ether of 3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]furan-2-one. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in horses and dogs.		3.1610butenolide;
cyclopropanes;
enol ether;
sulfone		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		2.06101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		2.13101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		2.1310chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
oxepins
Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.		6.2352
bay 44-4400
Bay 44-4400: a semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide; PF1022A. emodepside : A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats.		2.0610cyclooctadepsipeptide;
semisynthetic derivative		antinematodal drug
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		5.74102
derquantel
derquantel: an antihelmintic		6.2352azaspiro compound
gamithromycin
gamithromycin: an antibiotic used in cattle. gamithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic with formula C40H76N2O12. It is used for the treatment of of bovine respiratory disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis in beef and non-lactating dairy cattle. The compound is also licensed in Europe for the treatment of footrot in sheep caused by Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium nodosus.		3.1610macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
moxidectin
moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity		3.2350
avermectin
avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.		2.0810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		010.284812
Haemonchiasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.		06.51153
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		04.9621
Infections, Nematode
[description not available]		08.81239
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.0721
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		05.0721
Trichostrongyloidiasis
Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.		04.5651
Caprine Diseases
[description not available]		04.4641
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.		02.4920
Helminthiasis, Animal
Infestation of animals with parasitic worms of the helminth class. The infestation may be experimental or veterinary.		06.4482
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.5311
Trichostrongylosis
Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.		02.8530
Oesophagostomiasis
Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.		02.1710
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic
Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.		04.3941
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		02.4920
Angiostrongylus Infections
[description not available]		02.2110
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		07.0584
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.1431
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		03.4311
Infections, Nematomorpha
[description not available]		02.0610
Helminthiasis
Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.		02.0610