follicular dendritic cell differentiation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The process in which a relatively unspecialized precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a follicular dendritic cell. [GOC:add, ISBN:0781735149]

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are specialized stromal cells found in the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes and spleen. They play a crucial role in adaptive immunity by presenting antigens to B cells and facilitating the development of germinal centers. The differentiation of FDCs is a complex process involving a series of signaling events and interactions with other cells.

FDC differentiation is initiated by the interaction of stromal cells with lymphotoxin-α (LTα), a cytokine produced by lymphocytes. LTα binds to its receptor, LTβR, on stromal cells, activating downstream signaling pathways that induce the expression of key transcription factors, including NF-κB and RelB. These transcription factors promote the expression of genes involved in FDC differentiation, including those encoding the FDC-specific markers FDC-M1 and FDC-M2.

As FDCs differentiate, they acquire the ability to capture and retain antigens. This is achieved through the expression of complement receptors, such as CR1, CR2, and CR3, which bind to complement-coated antigens. FDCs also express Fc receptors, such as FcγRIIB and FcαRI, which bind to antibody-coated antigens. This allows FDCs to capture a diverse array of antigens from both the fluid phase and from immune complexes.

Once antigens are captured, FDCs display them in a unique manner. Antigens are organized into immune complexes on the surface of FDCs, forming a highly organized structure known as the "immunological synapse." This structure allows for the efficient presentation of antigens to B cells, facilitating the activation and differentiation of antigen-specific B cells.

FDC differentiation is also influenced by the microenvironment of the germinal center. Interactions with other cells, such as T cells and B cells, play a role in shaping the differentiation process. For example, T cell help is required for the formation of germinal centers and the differentiation of FDCs.

In summary, FDC differentiation is a multi-step process involving the activation of signaling pathways, the expression of specific markers, and interactions with other cells. This process culminates in the formation of FDCs, which play a critical role in antigen presentation, germinal center development, and the generation of high-affinity antibodies.'
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Compounds (39)