Compounds > umirolimus
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umirolimus

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Description

umirolimus: sirolimus derivative from a biodegradable polylactic acid polymer; possesses enhanced anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity with an improved pharmacokinetic profile; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID23230457
CHEBI ID177399
MeSH IDM0507755

Synonyms (4)

Synonym
(1r,9s,12s,15r,16e,18r,19r,21r,23s,24e,26e,28e,30s,32s,35r)-12-[(2r)-1-[(1s,3r,4r)-4-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26
CHEBI:177399
851536-75-9
umirolimus

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The goals of this study were to identify the highest safe intravenous dose of BA9, to evaluate the dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of BA9 after intravenous administration in humans, and to characterize early clinical symptoms of BA9 toxicity in healthy subjects."( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single intravenous dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the novel coronary smooth muscle cell proliferation inhibitor Biolimus A9 in healthy individuals.
Bendrick-Peart, J; Betts, R; Christians, U; Clavijo, C; Dingmann, C; Shulze, J; Steudel, W; Zhang, YL, 2011)		0.37
"To evaluate the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, or acute myocardial infarct, or target vessel revascularization) at one year in "real world" patients."( Safety and efficacy of biolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer: insights from EINSTEIN (Evaluation of Next-generation drug-eluting STEnt IN patients with coronary artery disease) Registry.
Abizaid, AA; Almeida, AG; Almeida, BO; Caixeta, A; de Brito Júnior, FS; El Mouallem, AM; Nascimento, TC; Perin, MA; Souza, CF, )		0.13
" At one-year, major adverse cardiac events occurred in 11."( Safety and efficacy of biolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer: insights from EINSTEIN (Evaluation of Next-generation drug-eluting STEnt IN patients with coronary artery disease) Registry.
Abizaid, AA; Almeida, AG; Almeida, BO; Caixeta, A; de Brito Júnior, FS; El Mouallem, AM; Nascimento, TC; Perin, MA; Souza, CF, )		0.13
"The present Registry suggests that new generation biolimus A9 drug-eluting stents are safe and effective in a "real world", all-comers patients, showing low rates of major cardiac adverse events on long-term follow-up."( Safety and efficacy of biolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer: insights from EINSTEIN (Evaluation of Next-generation drug-eluting STEnt IN patients with coronary artery disease) Registry.
Abizaid, AA; Almeida, AG; Almeida, BO; Caixeta, A; de Brito Júnior, FS; El Mouallem, AM; Nascimento, TC; Perin, MA; Souza, CF, )		0.13
"Biodegradable-polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) were developed to be as effective as second-generation durable-polymer drug-eluting stents (DP-DES) and as safe >1 year as bare-metal stents (BMS)."( Long-term efficacy and safety of biodegradable-polymer biolimus-eluting stents: main results of the Basel Stent Kosten-Effektivitäts Trial-PROspective Validation Examination II (BASKET-PROVE II), a randomized, controlled noninferiority 2-year outcome tria
Alber, H; Buser, P; Conen, D; Eberli, F; Galatius, S; Gilgen, N; Hoffmann, A; Jeger, R; Kaiser, C; Kurz, DJ; Moccetti, T; Müller, C; Naber, C; Pedrazzini, G; Pfisterer, M; Rickenbacher, P; Rickli, H; Skov Jensen, J; Steiner, M; Vogt, DR; Von Felten, S; Vuillomenet, A; Wadt Hansen, K; Wanitschek, M; Weilenmann, D, 2015)		0.42
" Safety parameters included the frequency of peri-procedural complications, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and any clinically-indicated revascularization at 2 years."( Long-term safety and feasibility of three-vessel multimodality intravascular imaging in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the IBIS-4 (integrated biomarker and imaging study) substudy.
Dijkstra, J; Garcia-Garcia, HM; Heg, D; Holmvang, L; Kelbæk, H; Landmesser, U; Lüscher, TF; Meier, B; Moschovitis, A; Noble, S; Pedrazzini, G; Räber, L; Radu, MD; Roffi, M; Saunamäki, K; Stefanini, GG; Taniwaki, M; Wenaweser, P; Windecker, S, 2015)		0.42
"Women with acute myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing mechanical reperfusion remain at increased risk of adverse cardiac events and mortality compared with their male counterparts."( Long-term Safety and Efficacy of New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stents in Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction: From the Women in Innovation and Drug-Eluting Stents (WIN-DES) Collaboration.
Baber, U; Camenzind, E; Chieffo, A; Dangas, GD; Faggioni, M; Farhan, S; Galatius, S; Giustino, G; Harari, R; Itchhaporia, D; Jeger, RV; Kandzari, D; Kastrati, A; Kim, HS; Kimura, T; Leon, MB; Mehran, R; Mehta, L; Morice, MC; Sartori, S; Serruys, PW; Sharma, M; Smits, PC; Sorrentino, S; Stefanini, GG; Steg, PG; Stone, GW; Valgimigli, M; Von Birgelen, C; Weisz, G; Wijns, W; Windecker, S, 2017)		0.46
" The primary outcome measured was the composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularisation at the 12-month follow-up."( Safety of six-month dual antiplatelet therapy after second-generation drug-eluting stent implantation: OPTIMA-C Randomised Clinical Trial and OCT Substudy.
Cho, DK; Choi, S; Hong, BK; Hong, MK; Jang, Y; Jeon, DW; Kang, TS; Kang, WC; Kim, BK; Kim, BO; Kim, JS; Kim, S; Kim, YH; Kwon, HM; Lee, BK; Lee, OH; Min, PK; Shin, DH; Woo, SI; Yoon, YW, 2018)		0.48
" We assessed major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as the composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and clinical-driven target vessel revascularization at 12 months."( Effectiveness and Safety of Biolimus A9™-Eluting stEnt in Patients with AcUTe Coronary sYndrome; A Multicenter, Observational Study (BEAUTY Study).
Ahn, Y; Bae, JH; Bae, JW; Cha, KS; Chae, JK; Cho, JH; Hong, YJ; Hur, SH; Hwang, JY; Hwang, SH; Jeong, MH; Kim, DI; Kim, HK; Kim, SW; Kim, W; Koh, YY; Lee, JH; Lee, SW; Lee, SY; Lim, SY; Oh, SK; Park, HS; Park, JS; Park, KH; Rha, SW; Rhew, JY, 2018)		0.48
" After propensity score with matching, the primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE; a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization [TLR], and stent thrombosis [ST]), while its components along with target vessel revascularization (TVR) secondary endpoints."( Safety and efficacy of polymer-free biolimus-eluting stents versus ultrathin stents in unprotected left main or coronary bifurcation: A propensity score analysis from the RAIN and CHANCE registries.
Bernardi, A; Capodanno, D; Chieffo, A; Cortese, B; D'Ascenzo, F; D'Urbano, M; De Ferrari, GM; De Luca, L; Di Biasi, M; di Mario, C; Escaned, J; Franzé, A; Gaido, L; Gangor, A; Giammaria, M; Helft, G; Huczek, Z; Ielasi, A; Infantino, V; Latini, RA; Mitomo, S; Piazza, F; Poli, A; Rognoni, A; Romeo, F; Saglietto, A; Sheiban, I; Smolka, G; Trabattoni, D; Ugo, F; Varbella, F, 2020)		0.56

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" BA9 had a terminal half-life of 90."( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single intravenous dose-escalation study to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the novel coronary smooth muscle cell proliferation inhibitor Biolimus A9 in healthy individuals.
Bendrick-Peart, J; Betts, R; Christians, U; Clavijo, C; Dingmann, C; Shulze, J; Steudel, W; Zhang, YL, 2011)		0.37
"We retrospectively analyzed data from pharmacokinetic studies of patients implanted with an 18-mm DES: Cypher stent (sirolimus, n = 10), Endeavor stent (zotarolimus, n = 7), Xience V stent (everolimus, n = 6), and Nobori stent (biolimus A9, n = 10), in multicenter trials of Japan."( Comparison of pharmacokinetics of the limus-eluting stents in Japanese patients.
Mitsudo, K; Nakamura, M; Otsuka, Y; Saito, S; Shuto, H, 2011)		0.37
" The other pharmacokinetic parameters of four DESs differed according to characteristics of the coated drug."( Comparison of pharmacokinetics of the limus-eluting stents in Japanese patients.
Mitsudo, K; Nakamura, M; Otsuka, Y; Saito, S; Shuto, H, 2011)		0.37
"In Japanese patients, systemic exposure was low, regardless of the type of limus drug eluted from the stents; but specific pharmacokinetic activities were varied according to the drug characteristics, concentration, and DES design."( Comparison of pharmacokinetics of the limus-eluting stents in Japanese patients.
Mitsudo, K; Nakamura, M; Otsuka, Y; Saito, S; Shuto, H, 2011)		0.37
" A significant association between loaded biolimus A9 dose adjusted by patient weight and pharmacokinetic parameters was observed."( Favorable pharmacokinetics of biolimus A9 after deployment of Nobori stent for coronary artery disease: insights from Nobori PK study in Japanese subjects.
Mitsudo, K; Nakamura, M; Otsuka, Y; Ueda, Y, 2012)		0.38
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
macrolideA macrocyclic lactone with a ring of twelve or more members derived from a polyketide.
lactamCyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (228)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's26 (11.40)29.6817
2010's184 (80.70)24.3611
2020's18 (7.89)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials97 (41.28%)5.53%
Reviews14 (5.96%)6.00%
Case Studies19 (8.09%)4.05%
Observational20 (8.51%)0.25%
Other85 (36.17%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (12)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Comparison of the Everolimus Eluting (XIENCE-V®, XIENCE-Prime® or PROMUS® Stent) With the Biolimus A9 Eluting NOBORI® Stent in All-comers: a Randomized Open Label Study [NCT01233453]Phase 42,700 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-01-31Active, not recruiting
Randomized Study to Assess the Effect of ThRombus Aspiration on Flow Area in STEMI Patients: an Optical Frequency Domain Imaging (OFDI) Study [NCT01271361]Phase 1/Phase 2140 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
Assessment of Vessel Healing After DES Implantation With STEMI, NSTEMI and Stable/Unstable Angina Patients: a Randomized Study Between Everolimus and Biolimus A9-eluting Stents: an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Intravascular Ultrasound Tissue Cha [NCT01065519]64 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Percutaneous Treatment of LONG Native Coronary Lesions With Drug-Eluting Stent-V:Everolimus-eluting(PROMUS-ELEMENT) vs. Biolimus A9-Eluting(NOBORI) Stents [NCT01186120]Phase 4500 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Clinical Trial of Nobori Versus Uncoated Stents In Acute Myocardial Infarction [NCT01401036]1,537 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Insufficient data collection)
Randomized Comparison of Biolimus-Eluting and Everolimus-Eluting Stents With Optical Coherence Tomography Guided Stent Implantation in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.A 9-Month Angiographic and Optical Coherence Tomography Follow-up. [NCT00888758]Phase 4400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-05-31Not yet recruiting
Impact of IVUS-guided Chronic Total Occlusion InterVention With DrUg-eluting Stents on Mid-term Angiographic and Clinical Outcomes (CTO-IVUS Study) [NCT01563952]Phase 4400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-10-31Recruiting
OPtical Frequency Domain Imaging vs. INtravascular Ultrasound in Percutaneous Coronary InterventiON (OPINION) [NCT01873027]Phase 3829 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
OPtical Frequency Domain Imaging vs. INtravascular Ultrasound in Percutaneous Coronary InterventiON - OPINION Imaging [NCT01873222]Phase 3106 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
A Prospective, Randomized, Non-Inferiority Trial to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of the BA9TM Drug Coated Balloon for the Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis: First-in-Man Trial (REFORM) [NCT04079192]201 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-08-07Active, not recruiting
Comparison of Healing Responses After Treatment of Complex Bifurcation Lesions With the AXXESS Biolimus A9 Eluting Stent Versus Culotte Technique Using Everolimus-eluting Stents: an Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis. [NCT00895791]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to major protocol changes: new study submitted)
Evaluation of the Efficacy (QCA) and Safety of the BioFreedom™ Biolimus A9™ CoCr Stent in a Randomised Trial in Patients With CAD [NCT03307213]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-19Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		7.94532-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		2.0510metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		9.7139benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
cilostazol
[no description available]		4.411lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		6.0752monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		4.4111mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.0510titanium group element atom
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		9.98144taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		6.9153methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.4311adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		2.0710peptide
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		3.1410macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
nitinol
nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys		5.0631
11-cis-retinal
Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.		2.1310retinalchromophore;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		21.08251119antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
everolimus
[no description available]		15.745925cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ticagrelor
Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.		5.4422aryl sulfide;
hydroxyether;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
triazolopyrimidines		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		12.72249lactam;
macrolide
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		4.4111
thienopyridine
thienopyridine: patients were treated with thienopyridine after percutaneous coronary intervention; Antiplatelet Agents. thienopyridine : Any organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton results from the formal ortho-fusion of any bond of a pyridine with any bond of a thiophene.		3.5611
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		2.2110polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		16.38336
hirudin
Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.		2.2110
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.4110
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		016.797949
Blood Clot
[description not available]		016.876452
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		02.5820
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		016.797949
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		016.876452
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.4110
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		020.21192137
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		020.21192137
Bleeding
[description not available]		011.842218
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		011.842218
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.610
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.610
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		06.8883
Recrudescence
[description not available]		09.22105
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		07.1554
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		07.1554
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		015.284936
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		0855
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		0855
Vascular Injuries
[description not available]		04.6211
Atheroma
[description not available]		05.1331
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		04.6211
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		08.785
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		08.785
Coronary Restenosis
Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.		015.525232
Neointima
The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.		08.93147
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		010.57189
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		011.233412
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		011.233412
Peripheral Arterial Diseases
[description not available]		02.5520
Peripheral Arterial Disease
Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.		02.5520
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		06.2862
Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		05.1431
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		04.1831
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		06.2862
Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
A myocardial infarction that does not produce elevations in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM. ST segment elevation of the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction).		05.1431
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		04.1831
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		03.5611
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		03.5611
Apoplexy
[description not available]		04.8821
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		04.8821
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		013.743837
Coronary Occlusion
Complete blockage of blood flow through one of the CORONARY ARTERIES, usually from CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.		06.0752
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		013.743837
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		015.334746
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		015.334746
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		04.1630
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		04.1731
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		04.1731
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.110
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.110
Prosthesis Durability
[description not available]		03.0140
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		03.4811
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		03.4811
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		06.3753
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		02.4920
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		02.4920
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.1750
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.1750
Graft Occlusion, Vascular
Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.		010.151111
Aneurysm, Coronary
[description not available]		02.1110
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		02.1110
Angiitis
[description not available]		02.1110
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.1110
Vascular Calcification
Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.		02.4920
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.4920
Coronary Vessel Anomalies
Malformations of CORONARY VESSELS, either arteries or veins. Included are anomalous origins of coronary arteries; ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA; CORONARY ANEURYSM; MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING; and others.		02.1110
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		02.1310
Cardiac Death
[description not available]		010.85119
Acute Inferior Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		02.1110
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		02.1510
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		02.1510
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		02.1510
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		04.3611
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		04.3611
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.4720
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.4720
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		02.0710
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		02.0710
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.0710
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.0710