Page last updated: 2024-10-06

superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis

Proteins (21)

ProteinSynonymsTaxonomy
Squalene monooxygenaseEC 1.14.14.17; Squalene epoxidase; SEHomo sapiens (human)
Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthaseGGPP synthase; GGPPSase; EC 2.5.1.-; (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase; Dimethylallyltranstransferase; 2.5.1.1; Farnesyl diphosphate synthase; Farnesyltranstransferase; 2.5.1.29; Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase; Geranyltranstransferase; 2.5.1.10Homo sapiens (human)
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductaseHMG-CoA reductase; EC 1.1.1.34Homo sapiens (human)
Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthaseFPP synthase; FPS; EC 2.5.1.10; (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase; Dimethylallyltranstransferase; 2.5.1.1; Farnesyl diphosphate synthase; GeranyltranstransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
Squalene synthaseSQS; SS; EC 2.5.1.21; FPP:FPP farnesyltransferase; Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase; Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1Homo sapiens (human)
Lanosterol synthaseEC 5.4.99.7; 2,3-epoxysqualene--lanosterol cyclase; Oxidosqualene--lanosterol cyclase; OSC; hOSCHomo sapiens (human)
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomeraseEC 5.3.3.5; Cholestenol Delta-isomerase; Delta(8)-Delta(7) sterol isomerase; D8-D7 sterol isomerase; Emopamil-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase7-DHC reductase; EC 1.3.1.21; Delta7-sterol reductase; Sterol Delta(7)-reductase; Sterol reductase SR-2Homo sapiens (human)
Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylaseEC 4.1.1.33; Mevalonate (diphospho)decarboxylase; MDDase; Mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylaseHomo sapiens (human)
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrialHMG-CoA synthase; EC 2.3.3.10; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, cytoplasmicHMG-CoA synthase; EC 2.3.3.10; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthaseHomo sapiens (human)
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, mitochondrialEC 2.3.1.9; Acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; T2Homo sapiens (human)
3-keto-steroid reductase/17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 717-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 7; 17-beta-HSD 7; 3-keto-steroid reductase; 1.1.1.270; Dihydrotestosterone oxidoreductase; 1.1.1.210; Estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase 7; 1.1.1.62; Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 37C member 1Homo sapiens (human)
Lathosterol oxidaseEC 1.14.19.20; C-5 sterol desaturase; Delta(7)-sterol 5-desaturase; Delta(7)-sterol C5(6)-desaturase; Lathosterol 5-desaturase; Sterol-C5-desaturaseHomo sapiens (human)
Delta(14)-sterol reductase LBRDelta-14-SR; EC 1.3.1.70; 3-beta-hydroxysterol Delta (14)-reductase; C-14 sterol reductase; C14SR; Integral nuclear envelope inner membrane protein; LMN2R; Lamin-B receptor; Sterol C14-reductaseHomo sapiens (human)
Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase 1EC 5.3.3.2; Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase 1; IPP isomerase 1; IPPI1Homo sapiens (human)
Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase 2EC 5.3.3.2; Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase 2; IPP isomerase 2; IPPI2Homo sapiens (human)
Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, cytosolicEC 2.3.1.9; Acetyl-CoA transferase-like protein; Cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolaseHomo sapiens (human)
Mevalonate kinaseMK; EC 2.7.1.36Homo sapiens (human)
Phosphomevalonate kinasePMKase; hPMK; EC 2.7.4.2Homo sapiens (human)
Sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase, decarboxylatingEC 1.1.1.170; Protein H105e3Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (46)

CompoundDescription
diphosphoric acid
hydronium ion
Carbon DioxideA colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.
Orthophosphate
CholesterolThe principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
squaleneA natural 30-carbon triterpene.
adenosine diphosphateAdenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.
potassiumAn element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
MagnesiumA metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
SodiumA member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.
WaterA clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
OxygenAn element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
zymostenolRN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 9/88
Selenite
32-hydroxy-24,25-dihydrolanosterol
lanosten-3-ol-32-alRN given refers to (3beta)-isomer
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
NADPNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
isopentenyl pyrophosphatesubstrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells
farnesyl pyrophosphatea sesquiterpene that dimerizes to SQUALENE; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14-dien-3-olRN refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer; a meiosis-activating sterol
geranyl diphosphatestructure in first source
formate
7-dehydrocholesterolRN given refers to (3beta)-isomer; structure; main provitamin in skin that is converted by sunlight to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)
desmosterolAn intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol.
24-dehydroprovitamin D3
24,25-dihydrolanosterol
4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14,24-trienola meiosis activating sterol; RN given refers to (5alpha,3beta)-isomer
Mevalonate
2,3-oxidosqualenean oxidized derivative of SQUALENE that can fold in several ways: chair-boat-chair-boat to LANOSTEROL; chair-chair-chair-boat to dammarane; or all chair to hopane and on to cycloartenol; RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer
cholesta-7,24-dien-3-olminor metabolite of in vitro incubation of mevalonic acid with yeast; structure; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/89
adenosine triphosphateAn adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
4-methylcholest-8-en-3-ol, (3beta,4alpha,5alpha)-isomer
lathosterolRN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer
tellurate
4,4-dimethyl-5-alpha-cholesta-(8,24)-dien-3-beta-olRN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer
32-oxolanosterolfound in mevalonate-treated cell cultures
32-hydroxylanosterolfound in mevalonate-treated cell cultures
lanosterolA triterpene that derives from the chair-boat-chair-boat folding of 2,3-oxidosqualene. It is metabolized to CHOLESTEROL and CUCURBITACINS.
Coenzyme A
Ro 48-8071a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor; structure in first source
acetoacetyl CoA
Acetyl Coenzyme AAcetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.
Flavin-Adenine DinucleotideA condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
zymosterola 4,14-desmethyl intermediate between LANOSTEROL and CHOLESTEROL
BM 157667-dehydrocholesterol reductase antagonist