Page last updated: 2024-10-24

hypoxanthine salvage

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that generates hypoxanthine, 6-hydroxy purine, from derivatives of it without de novo synthesis. [GOC:jl, ISBN:0198506732]

Hypoxanthine salvage is a metabolic pathway that allows cells to recycle hypoxanthine, a purine base, into guanine nucleotides. This pathway is essential for maintaining a sufficient supply of guanine nucleotides for DNA and RNA synthesis, as well as other cellular processes. Hypoxanthine is produced by the breakdown of other purine nucleotides, such as adenosine and guanine. It can be salvaged from the environment or from cellular degradation pathways. The salvage pathway is catalyzed by the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoribosyl group from PRPP (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate) to hypoxanthine, forming inosine monophosphate (IMP). IMP can then be converted to GMP (guanosine monophosphate) via the enzyme IMP dehydrogenase. This pathway provides an alternative route for guanine nucleotide synthesis without having to go through the de novo pathway. It also allows for the efficient use of purine bases from the environment or from cellular degradation pathways. This process is important for cell growth and development, as well as for immune system function. Deficiencies in HGPRT can lead to Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by self-injurious behavior, hyperuricemia, and neurological abnormalities.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Adenosine deaminaseAn adenosine deaminase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00813]Homo sapiens (human)
Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferaseA hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P00492]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (21)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine: specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase
chrysenechrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar.

chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252
ortho-fused polycyclic areneplant metabolite
6-chrysenamine6-chrysenamine: may cause splenic atrophy and leukopenia; minor descriptor (76-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENANTHRENES (76-84)carbopolycyclic compound
6-nitrochrysene6-nitrochrysene: RN given refers to cpd with locant for nitro group in position 6carbopolycyclic compound
coformycincoformycinsEC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
adenosinequinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlitadenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
nebularinenebularine : A purine ribonucleoside that is 9H-purine attached to a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue at position 9 via a glycosidic (N-glycosyl) linkage.

nebularine: structure
purine ribonucleoside;
purines D-ribonucleoside
fungal metabolite
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(2R,3S)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2R,3S. Selective inhibitor of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (IC50 = 0.8 - 4 mM). Also a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase.EHNAEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine(2S,3R)-EHNA : EHNA of absolute configuration 2S,3R.EHNA
1-deazaadenosine1-deazaadenosine: inhibits nucleic acid & protein synthesis; structure given in first source
pentostatinpentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.

Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.
coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
mercaptopurinemercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.

Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.

purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.
aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thioguanine anhydrousThioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.

tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.
2-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
8-azanebularine8-azanebularine: structure in first source
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-polypeptidedermatologic drug
guanosine monophosphateguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.

Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.
guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanine2-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase
algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypoxanthinenucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase
fundamental metabolite
inosinic acidInosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety.inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allopurinolallopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.

Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.
nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound
antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.

Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.
nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor