Page last updated: 2024-10-24

regulation of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of amyloid precursor protein catabolic process. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:PARL, GOC:rl, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:24499793]

The regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) catabolic process is a complex and multifaceted process that involves a delicate balance between proteolytic cleavage pathways leading to the production of either non-amyloidogenic or amyloidogenic products. APP is a type I transmembrane protein that undergoes proteolytic processing by a series of enzymes, including α-, β-, and γ-secretases. The α-secretase cleavage pathway, typically initiated by α-secretases like ADAM10, releases a large, non-amyloidogenic ectodomain fragment called sAPPα. This cleavage occurs within the Aβ domain, preventing the formation of amyloidogenic products. Conversely, the β-secretase cleavage pathway, mediated by BACE1, releases a smaller ectodomain fragment called sAPPβ. The remaining C-terminal fragment then undergoes cleavage by γ-secretase, a multiprotein complex, resulting in the generation of Aβ peptides. The ratio of α-secretase to β-secretase activity significantly influences the balance between amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways. Factors such as cell type, age, and environmental stimuli can modulate these pathways. For example, increased α-secretase activity is associated with a reduction in Aβ production, while increased β-secretase activity promotes Aβ accumulation. Furthermore, γ-secretase activity can be modulated by different substrates and inhibitors, further influencing Aβ production. Additional regulatory mechanisms include post-translational modifications of APP and associated proteins, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. These modifications can influence APP processing and Aβ production. In summary, the regulation of APP catabolic process involves a complex interplay of multiple proteases, intracellular signaling pathways, and environmental factors. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies against Alzheimer's disease and other amyloid-related disorders.'
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Proteins (3)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A[no definition available]Bos taurus (cattle)
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1AA peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P62942]Homo sapiens (human)
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7A neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P36544]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (71)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
nornicotinenornicotine: agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure
bupropionbupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.

Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.
aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2.N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridine alkaloid;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
epibatidinealkaloid
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodidepiperazines
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist
anabasinepiperidine alkaloid;
pyridine alkaloid
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
plant metabolite;
teratogenic agent
carbamylcholine
isofluraneIsoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
kynurenic acidkynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.

Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.
monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid
G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mecamylamineMecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.primary aliphatic amine
n-methylcarbamylcholineN-methylcarbamylcholine: structure given in first source
sb 206553SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first sourcepyrroloindole
thiabendazoleTresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate1,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles
antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
tiloronetilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.

Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.
aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
cycloheximidecycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.

Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.
antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol
anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
tetramethylammoniumtetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.

tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd
quaternary ammonium ion
boldineaporphine alkaloid
cytisinealkaloid;
bridged compound;
lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
phytotoxin;
plant metabolite
anatabineanatabine: alkaloid found in tobacco; structurebipyridines
laudanosinelaudanosine: opium alkaloidisoquinolines
5-hydroxyindolehydroxyindoleshuman metabolite
dihydro-beta-erythroidinedihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene.

Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties.
delta-lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound
nicotinic antagonist
polygodialaldehyde
nicotine(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
lobeline(-)-lobeline : An optically active piperidine alkaloid having a 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl group at the 6-position.aromatic ketone;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary amine
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
thiacloprid(Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid.

thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen.

thiacloprid: structure in first source
monochloropyridine;
nitrile;
thiazolidines
environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
xenobiotic
3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole: structure in first source
erysodineerysodine : An erythrina alkaloid with formula C18H21NO3 isolated from several erythrina plant species. It is a competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exhibits antiparasitic and insecticidal activities.

erysodine: structure given in first source
aromatic ether;
diether;
Erythrina alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
phenols
antiparasitic agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
phytogenic insecticide
vareniclinevarenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.

Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.
pozanicline
pnu 1205961-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea: an alpha7nAChR agonist; structure in first sourceureas
harmicineharmicine: structure in first source
bisabololKamillosan: drug combination containing chamomile and bisabolol; used to treat dermatitissesquiterpenoid
3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propyl-(2s)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate
tacrolimustacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.

Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.
macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
deformylflustrabrominedeformylflustrabromine: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Flustra folicea; structure in first sourcetryptamines
tropacocainetropacocaine: RN given refers to (exo)-isomer; structure
isoliquiritigeninchalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
tropisetrontropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.

Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.
indolyl carboxylic acid
epibatidine
N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-[2-(4-thiazolyl)-1-benzimidazolyl]acetamidebenzimidazoles
anatoxin aanatoxin I: found mainly in ANABAENA; was indexed to cyanobacterial toxin (MARINE TOXINS). isolated from many salt-tolerant freshwater cyanobacteria
biricodarbiricodar: a non-macrocyclic ligand for FKBP12; structure in first sourcealpha-amino acid ester
abt 594
5-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]non-4-eneazepine
naringenin chalcone2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' ,4, 4', and 6' respectively.

naringenin chalcone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereoisomer & from CA Vol 92 Form Index; RN for cpd not in Chemline 7/6/83; structure in first source
chalcones;
polyphenol
anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
metabolite
l 683590immunomycin: from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure given in first sourceether;
lactol;
macrolide;
secondary alcohol
antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
cyclosporineramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MFhomodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
sirolimussirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.

Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.
antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol
antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
trans-metanicotinemetanicotine: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation
a 85380A 85380: structure given in first source; A-85380 is the S-enantiomer; A-159470 is the R-enantiomer
ar-r 17779AR-R 17779: structure in first source
3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine: an alpha7nAChR nicotinic receptor agonistdimethoxybenzene
2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone: structure in first source
mg 624triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium: inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptors; structure in first source
bastadin 5
a 84543
azd 0328spiro(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)octane-3,2'(3H)-furo(2,3-b)pyridine): AZD-0328 is the (2'R)-isomer and D-tartrate salt; an alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist; structure in first source
pnu-282987carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
ssr180711SSR180711: a selective alpha7 acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (n-AChRs) partial agonist; structure in first source
timcodartimcodar: a mutlidrug resistance inhibitor; structure in first source
isproniclineispronicline: a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator; has antidepressant, neuroprotective, and cognitive effects; structure in first source
desnitroimidaclopriddesnitroimidacloprid: a nicotinic receptor agonist; structure in first source
crispine acrispine A: pyrrolo(2,1-a)isoquinoline alkaloid from Carduus crispus; structure in first source
amd 070mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blockeraminoquinoline
a 8677444-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-propionyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide: positive modulator of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; structure in first source
a-582941A-582941: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist
evp-6124
imidacloprid(E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid.imidacloprid;
imidazolidines;
monochloropyridine
environmental contaminant;
genotoxin;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzylidene)anabaseine