skeletal muscle tissue growth
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
The increase in size or mass of a skeletal muscle. This may be due to a change in the fiber number or size. [GOC:lm, PMID:15726494, PMID:15907921]
Skeletal muscle tissue growth, also known as myogenesis, is a complex biological process that involves the proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of myoblasts, which are precursor cells for muscle fibers. This process is tightly regulated by a variety of signaling pathways and transcription factors, and it is essential for the development and maintenance of skeletal muscle.
The process begins with the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the myogenic lineage, which is driven by transcription factors such as MyoD, Myf5, and MRF4. Once committed, myoblasts undergo a series of proliferative divisions, increasing their numbers. As myoblasts proliferate, they also express a variety of genes that are required for muscle differentiation, including genes encoding muscle-specific proteins such as myosin, actin, and troponin.
Muscle differentiation is characterized by the withdrawal of myoblasts from the cell cycle and the initiation of a program of gene expression that leads to the formation of mature muscle fibers. During differentiation, myoblasts fuse together to form multinucleated myotubes. Myotubes then mature into muscle fibers, which are highly specialized cells that are capable of generating force and movement.
The growth of muscle fibers is driven by the synthesis of new muscle proteins, such as myosin and actin. This protein synthesis is regulated by a variety of factors, including growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, and testosterone. Muscle growth also requires the removal of old or damaged muscle fibers, a process known as muscle regeneration.
Muscle regeneration occurs through a process called satellite cell activation. Satellite cells are quiescent stem cells that are located beneath the basal lamina of muscle fibers. When muscle tissue is injured or damaged, satellite cells are activated and differentiate into myoblasts, which then fuse to repair the damaged muscle fibers.
The growth of skeletal muscle tissue is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, nutrition, exercise, and hormones. Regular exercise is particularly important for stimulating muscle growth. Exercise leads to an increase in the production of growth hormones, which promote muscle protein synthesis. Exercise also causes muscle damage, which stimulates satellite cell activation and muscle regeneration.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta | An acetylcholine receptor subunit delta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q07001] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha | An acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P02708] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (18)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| bupropion | bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE. | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| epibatidine | alkaloid | ||
| mecamylamine | Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool. | primary aliphatic amine | |
| indopan | alpha-methyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having a methyl substituent at the alpha-position. indopan: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | tryptamines | |
| cytisine | alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite | |
| nicotine | (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| thiacloprid | (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen. thiacloprid: structure in first source | monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines | environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic |
| philanthotoxin 343 | philanthotoxin 343: structure given in first source (see article's footnote); identical to philanthotoxin 433 except that the number of methylene groups between the respective amine moieties is 3,4,3 instead of 4,3,3 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| varenicline | varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking. Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION. | ||
| tropisetron | tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine. Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting. | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| a 85380 | A 85380: structure given in first source; A-85380 is the S-enantiomer; A-159470 is the R-enantiomer | ||
| 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine | 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine: an alpha7nAChR nicotinic receptor agonist | dimethoxybenzene | |
| radafaxine | radafaxine: a bupropion metabolite; radafaxine is a (+)-isomer of hydroxybupropion | ||
| pnu-282987 | carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound | ||
| desnitroimidacloprid | desnitroimidacloprid: a nicotinic receptor agonist; structure in first source | ||
| pnu-282987 | |||
| n,n-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine | N,N-diallyl-5-methoxytryptamine: structure in first source | tryptamines | |
| imidacloprid | (E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid. | imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine | environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |