Page last updated: 2024-10-24
sensory processing
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect. [GOC:dph, ISBN:0721662544]
Sensory processing is a complex biological process that involves the reception, transduction, transmission, and interpretation of stimuli from the environment. It begins with specialized sensory receptors that detect specific types of stimuli, such as light, sound, touch, taste, or smell. These receptors convert the stimuli into electrical signals, a process known as transduction. The electrical signals are then transmitted along sensory neurons to the central nervous system, where they are further processed and integrated. The brain interprets these signals, allowing us to perceive and understand the world around us.
Sensory processing can be divided into several stages:
- **Reception:** Specialized sensory receptors detect specific stimuli from the environment. For example, photoreceptor cells in the eye detect light, hair cells in the ear detect sound, and mechanoreceptors in the skin detect touch.
- **Transduction:** Sensory receptors convert the stimuli into electrical signals, which are then transmitted along sensory neurons.
- **Transmission:** Sensory neurons carry the electrical signals to the central nervous system, where they are further processed.
- **Interpretation:** The brain interprets the electrical signals and assigns meaning to the stimuli. This process involves complex interactions between different brain regions.
Sensory processing is essential for our survival, as it allows us to navigate our environment, avoid danger, and interact with the world. It also plays a crucial role in learning, memory, and emotion.
Disruptions in sensory processing can lead to a variety of problems, such as sensory processing disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These disorders can affect a person's ability to process and interpret sensory information, leading to challenges in daily life.'
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Proteins (1)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 | A neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P36544] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (60)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| nornicotine | nornicotine: agricultural or horticultural insecticide; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure | ||
| bupropion | bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE. | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2. | N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridine alkaloid; pyrrolidine alkaloid | |
| epibatidine | alkaloid | ||
| dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide | piperazines | ||
| 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine | 1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist | ||
| anabasine | piperidine alkaloid; pyridine alkaloid | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; plant metabolite; teratogenic agent | |
| carbamylcholine | |||
| isoflurane | Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| kynurenic acid | kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool. | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid | G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| mecamylamine | Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool. | primary aliphatic amine | |
| n-methylcarbamylcholine | N-methylcarbamylcholine: structure given in first source | ||
| sb 206553 | SB 206553: a high-affinity 5-HT(2C/2B) antagonist; structure given in first source | pyrroloindole | |
| tilorone | tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug. Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions. | aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| tetramethylammonium | tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups. tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| boldine | aporphine alkaloid | ||
| cytisine | alkaloid; bridged compound; lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; phytotoxin; plant metabolite | |
| anatabine | anatabine: alkaloid found in tobacco; structure | bipyridines | |
| laudanosine | laudanosine: opium alkaloid | isoquinolines | |
| 5-hydroxyindole | hydroxyindoles | human metabolite | |
| dihydro-beta-erythroidine | dihydro-beta-erythroidine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound resulting from the partial hydrogenation of the 1,3-diene moiety of beta-erythroidine to give the corresponding 2-ene. Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine: Dihydro analog of beta-erythroidine, which is isolated from the seeds and other plant parts of Erythrina sp. Leguminosae. It is an alkaloid with curarimimetic properties. | delta-lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | nicotinic antagonist |
| polygodial | aldehyde | ||
| nicotine | (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| lobeline | (-)-lobeline : An optically active piperidine alkaloid having a 2-oxo-2-phenylethyl substituent at the 2-position and a 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl group at the 6-position. | aromatic ketone; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary amine | nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist |
| thiacloprid | (Z)-thiacloprid : The (Z)-stereoisomer of thiacloprid. thiacloprid : A nitrile that is cyanamide in which the hydrogens are replaced by a 1,3-thiazolidin-2-ylidene group which in turn is substituted by a (6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl group at the ring nitrogen. thiacloprid: structure in first source | monochloropyridine; nitrile; thiazolidines | environmental contaminant; neonicotinoid insectide; xenobiotic |
| 3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole | 3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole: structure in first source | ||
| erysodine | erysodine : An erythrina alkaloid with formula C18H21NO3 isolated from several erythrina plant species. It is a competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and exhibits antiparasitic and insecticidal activities. erysodine: structure given in first source | aromatic ether; diether; Erythrina alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; phenols | antiparasitic agent; nicotinic antagonist; phytogenic insecticide |
| varenicline | varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking. Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION. | ||
| pozanicline | |||
| pnu 120596 | 1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea: an alpha7nAChR agonist; structure in first source | ureas | |
| harmicine | harmicine: structure in first source | ||
| bisabolol | Kamillosan: drug combination containing chamomile and bisabolol; used to treat dermatitis | sesquiterpenoid | |
| deformylflustrabromine | deformylflustrabromine: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Flustra folicea; structure in first source | tryptamines | |
| tropacocaine | tropacocaine: RN given refers to (exo)-isomer; structure | ||
| isoliquiritigenin | chalcones | antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist | |
| tropisetron | tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine. Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting. | indolyl carboxylic acid | |
| epibatidine | |||
| anatoxin a | anatoxin I: found mainly in ANABAENA; was indexed to cyanobacterial toxin (MARINE TOXINS). isolated from many salt-tolerant freshwater cyanobacteria | ||
| abt 594 | |||
| 5-(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]non-4-ene | azepine | ||
| naringenin chalcone | 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' ,4, 4', and 6' respectively. naringenin chalcone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereoisomer & from CA Vol 92 Form Index; RN for cpd not in Chemline 7/6/83; structure in first source | chalcones; polyphenol | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite |
| trans-metanicotine | metanicotine: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation | ||
| a 85380 | A 85380: structure given in first source; A-85380 is the S-enantiomer; A-159470 is the R-enantiomer | ||
| ar-r 17779 | AR-R 17779: structure in first source | ||
| 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine | 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine: an alpha7nAChR nicotinic receptor agonist | dimethoxybenzene | |
| 2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone | 2,4,2'-trihydroxychalcone: structure in first source | ||
| mg 624 | triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium: inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptors; structure in first source | ||
| a 84543 | |||
| azd 0328 | spiro(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)octane-3,2'(3H)-furo(2,3-b)pyridine): AZD-0328 is the (2'R)-isomer and D-tartrate salt; an alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist; structure in first source | ||
| pnu-282987 | carbonyl compound; organohalogen compound | ||
| ssr180711 | SSR180711: a selective alpha7 acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (n-AChRs) partial agonist; structure in first source | ||
| ispronicline | ispronicline: a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator; has antidepressant, neuroprotective, and cognitive effects; structure in first source | ||
| desnitroimidacloprid | desnitroimidacloprid: a nicotinic receptor agonist; structure in first source | ||
| crispine a | crispine A: pyrrolo(2,1-a)isoquinoline alkaloid from Carduus crispus; structure in first source | ||
| amd 070 | mavorixafor: a derivative of AMD3100; a CXCR4 blocker | aminoquinoline | |
| a 867744 | 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-propionyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide: positive modulator of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; structure in first source | ||
| a-582941 | A-582941: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist | ||
| evp-6124 | |||
| imidacloprid | (E)-imidacloprid : The E-isomer of imidacloprid. | imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine | environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| 3-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzylidene)anabaseine |