A synthetic herbicide, aclonifen is a member of the diphenyl ether chemical class. It is a non-selective herbicide with a wide range of applications, including control of broadleaf weeds, grasses, and sedges. It is used in various agricultural settings, as well as in forestry and urban areas. Its mode of action involves inhibiting the biosynthesis of carotenoids, essential pigments for plant growth and photosynthesis. Research into aclonifen focuses on optimizing its effectiveness, understanding its environmental fate and impact, and investigating its potential for resistance development in weeds. '
aclonifen: a phenoxyanilin herbicide [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
aclonifen : A primary amino compound that is aniline in which the phenyl group has been substituted at positions 2, 3, and 6 by chlorine, phenoxy, and nitro groups, respectively. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, it is used as a herbicide against a broad range of weeds in a wide range of crops. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 92389 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1485557 |
| CHEBI ID | 137374 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 55487 |
| MeSH ID | M0278300 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| einecs 277-704-1 |
| aclonifen [bsi:iso] |
| 2-chloro-6-nitro-3-phenoxybenzenamine |
| aclonifen |
| 2-chloro-6-nitro-3-phenoxyaniline |
| benzenamine, 2-chloro-6-nitro-3-phenoxy- |
| cme 127 |
| challenge |
| bandur |
| NCGC00166167-01 |
| CHEBI:137374 |
| aclonifene |
| 74070-46-5 |
| unii-1762rda835 |
| 1762rda835 , |
| FT-0600291 |
| AM20041100 |
| AKOS015899766 |
| cme-127 |
| aclonifen [mi] |
| aclonifen [iso] |
| CHEMBL1485557 |
| SCHEMBL55487 |
| 2-chloro-3-phenoxy-6-nitroaniline |
| 2-chloro-3-phenoxy-6-nitro-aniline |
| DTXSID7058175 |
| aclonifen, pestanal(r), analytical standard |
| aclonifen 10 microg/ml in acetonitrile |
| aclonifen 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile |
| mfcd00143542 |
| Q341945 |
| (6-benzhydryloxycarbonylamino-purin-9-yl)-aceticacid |
| E78983 |
| ZCA07046 |
| CS-0455429 |
| AS-83168 |
Aclonifen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that is widely used for sunflower, potato, corn, and wheat crops.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Aclonifen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that is widely used for sunflower, potato, corn, and wheat crops." | ( Aclonifen induces bovine mammary gland epithelial cell death by disrupting calcium homeostasis and inducing ROS production. An, G; Lim, W; Park, J; Song, G, 2022) | 2.89 |
| "Aclonifen is a diphenyl-ether herbicide that is used to control the growth of weeds while growing crops such as corn and wheat. " | ( Aclonifen could induce implantation failure during early embryonic development through apoptosis of porcine trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells. Hong, T; Lim, W; Park, S; Song, G, 2022) | 3.61 |
| "Aclonifen is a unique diphenyl ether herbicide. " | ( Aclonifen targets solanesyl diphosphate synthase, representing a novel mode of action for herbicides. Freigang, J; Gille, S; Kahlau, S; Kleeßen, S; Klie, S; Laber, B; Lange, G; Lohse, M; Passon, D; Schröder, F; Schulz, A; von Koskull-Döring, P, 2020) | 3.44 |
Aclonifen treatment caused mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial calcium concentration. The phytoene desaturation reaction is disturbed, resulting in a characteristic phy toene accumulation in vivo.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Aclonifen treatment caused mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial calcium concentration." | ( Aclonifen could induce implantation failure during early embryonic development through apoptosis of porcine trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells. Hong, T; Lim, W; Park, S; Song, G, 2022) | 2.89 |
| "Upon aclonifen treatment, the phytoene desaturation reaction is disturbed, resulting in a characteristic phytoene accumulation in vivo." | ( Aclonifen targets solanesyl diphosphate synthase, representing a novel mode of action for herbicides. Freigang, J; Gille, S; Kahlau, S; Kleeßen, S; Klie, S; Laber, B; Lange, G; Lohse, M; Passon, D; Schröder, F; Schulz, A; von Koskull-Döring, P, 2020) | 2.46 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Some are highly toxic to algae, including antifoulants, herbicides, and fungicides." | ( Mixture toxicity of five biocides with dissimilar modes of action on the growth and photosystem II efficiency of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. de Almeida, ACG; Langford, K; Petersen, K; Thomas, KV; Tollefsen, KE, 2017) | 0.46 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| herbicide | A substance used to destroy plant pests. |
| agrochemical | An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture. |
| EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor | An EC 1.3.3.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-CH group with oxygen as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (EC 1.3.3.4). |
| carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor | Any pathway inhibitor that acts on the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| monochlorobenzenes | Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine. |
| aromatic ether | Any ether in which the oxygen is attached to at least one aryl substituent. |
| C-nitro compound | A nitro compound having the nitro group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom. |
| substituted aniline | |
| primary amino compound | A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing one hydrogen atom by an organyl group. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 39.8107 | 0.0040 | 23.8416 | 100.0000 | AID485290 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1 (11.11) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 1 (11.11) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1 (11.11) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 6 (66.67) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (38.31) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 9 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||