ginsenoside-rd and Colorectal-Neoplasms

Ginsenoside Rd is a saponin from ginseng and has been reported to have various biological activities. However, the effect of ginsenoside Rd on the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. Here, we found that ginsenoside Rd decreased the colony-forming ability, migration, invasion, and wound-healing abilities of CRC cells, although it did not affect cell proliferation. In addition, using an inverse-docking assay, we found that ginsenoside Rd bound to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with a high binding affinity, inducing the downregulation of stemness- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes; these were partially rescued by either exogenous EGF treatment or ectopic expression of SOX2. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rd significantly decreased the number and size of tumor metastasis nodules in the livers, lungs, and kidneys of mouse model of metastasis. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(5):601-610, 2019.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; ErbB Receptors; Female; Ginsenosides; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, SCID; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Signal Transduction; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Topics: Animals; Bacteroides; Bifidobacterium; Cadherins; Cellular Microenvironment; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Ginsenosides; Humans; Intestines; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Polyps; Prebiotics; Saponins; src-Family Kinases; STAT3 Transcription Factor; Triterpenes