alpha-carotene and Diabetes-Mellitus--Type-1

Reactive oxygen intermediates have been implicated in mediating the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells and antioxidant nutrients thought to protect against such a process. This study aimed to assess the associations between serum α- and β-carotene concentrations, and the risk of advanced beta-cell autoimmunity, in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes.. This case-control study, comprising 108 case children with advanced beta-cell autoimmunity and 216 matched control children, was nested within the nutrition study of the Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention (DIPP) birth cohort. Serum α- and β-carotene samples were collected each year from the age of 1 to 6 years. For each case-control group, serum samples were analyzed up to the time of seroconversion in the case children. Associations were studied using a conditional logistic-regression model.. Neither serum α- nor β-carotene concentration was significantly associated with the risk of advanced beta-cell autoimmunity. There was marginal evidence (P=0.049) of an inverse association between serum β-carotene concentration and the risk of developing advanced beta-cell autoimmunity at a time closest to seroconversion after adjusting for parental education, maternal age, duration of gestation, diabetes in first-degree relatives, number of earlier deliveries and maternal smoking during pregnancy.. The present study data provided no clear evidence to support an association between serum α- or β-carotene concentration and advanced beta-cell autoimmunity.

Topics: Autoimmunity; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; HLA Antigens; Humans; Infant; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Pregnancy

Increased oxidative stress and immune dysfunction are implicated in preeclampsia (PE) and may contribute to the two- to fourfold increase in PE prevalence among women with type 1 diabetes. Prospective measures of fat-soluble vitamins in diabetic pregnancy are therefore of interest.. Maternal serum carotenoids (α- and β-carotene, lycopene, and lutein) and vitamins A, D, and E (α- and γ-tocopherols) were measured at first (12.2 ± 1.9 weeks [mean ± SD], visit 1), second (21.6 ± 1.5 weeks, visit 2), and third (31.5 ± 1.7 weeks, visit 3) trimesters of pregnancy in 23 women with type 1 diabetes who subsequently developed PE (DM PE+) and 24 women with type 1 diabetes, matched for age, diabetes duration, HbA(1c), and parity, who did not develop PE (DM PE-). Data were analyzed without and with adjustment for baseline differences in BMI, HDL cholesterol, and prandial status.. In unadjusted analysis, in DM PE+ versus DM PE-, α-carotene and β-carotene were 45 and 53% lower, respectively, at visit 3 (P < 0.05), before PE onset. In adjusted analyses, the difference in β-carotene at visit 3 remained significant. Most participants were vitamin D deficient (<20 ng/mL), and vitamin D levels were lower in DM PE+ versus DM PE- throughout the pregnancy, although this did not reach statistical significance.. In pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, low serum α- and β-carotene were associated with subsequent development of PE, and vitamin D deficiency may also be implicated.

Topics: beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Lycopene; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Diabetics; Vitamin A; Vitamin D