aflatoxin catabolic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of aflatoxin, a fungal metabolite found as a contaminant in moldy grains that induces liver cancer. Aflatoxin induces a G to T transversion at codon 249 of p53, leading to its inactivation. Aflatoxin is converted to a chemical carcinogen by P450. [GOC:ai, PMID:20807200]

Aflatoxin catabolism is a complex process that involves the breakdown of aflatoxins, a group of potent mycotoxins produced by certain species of Aspergillus fungi. These toxins pose a significant threat to human and animal health, causing various diseases like liver cancer and immune suppression. The catabolism of aflatoxins occurs mainly in the liver, where they are metabolized by a series of enzymatic reactions. The first step involves the oxidation of the aflatoxin molecule by cytochrome P450 enzymes, specifically CYP3A4, leading to the formation of aflatoxin M1. This metabolite is less toxic than the parent compound but can still be carcinogenic. Further metabolism involves conjugation with glutathione, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, forming water-soluble conjugates that can be easily excreted in the urine and bile. Other enzymes like epoxide hydrolase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases also play crucial roles in detoxification by converting aflatoxins into less toxic metabolites. The efficiency of aflatoxin catabolism varies among individuals and species, influenced by factors like genetics, age, and nutritional status. The detoxification process involves a series of complex biochemical reactions that aim to neutralize the toxic effects of aflatoxins. The breakdown products are usually less toxic and are readily eliminated from the body, protecting against the harmful consequences of aflatoxin exposure.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (22)