Page last updated: 2024-10-24

non-membrane-bounded organelle

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes. [GOC:go_curators]

Non-membrane-bounded organelles are cellular structures that lack a surrounding lipid bilayer membrane. These organelles are essential for a wide range of cellular processes, including protein synthesis, gene expression, and energy production.

Key characteristics of non-membrane-bounded organelles include:

- **Absence of a membrane**: This distinguishes them from membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.
- **Association with other structures**: Often, these organelles are associated with other cellular components, such as the cytoskeleton or the nuclear matrix.
- **Specific functions**: Each type of non-membrane-bounded organelle has a distinct and essential role in the cell's functioning.

Examples of non-membrane-bounded organelles include:

- **Ribosomes**: These are responsible for protein synthesis, translating the genetic code from messenger RNA into amino acid chains.
- **Nucleolus**: This structure within the nucleus is the site of ribosome biogenesis.
- **Centrioles**: These cylindrical structures are involved in cell division, organizing microtubules for spindle formation.
- **Proteasomes**: These are protein complexes that degrade damaged or unnecessary proteins.
- **Centromeres**: These regions on chromosomes serve as attachment points for microtubules during cell division.

The lack of a membrane allows these organelles to interact directly with the surrounding cytoplasm and other cellular components, facilitating their specific roles in cellular processes.'
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Proteins (1)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2A nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16236]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (22)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
melatoninacetamides;
tryptamines
anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
sulforaphanesulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.

sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.
isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
dimethylformamideDimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.

N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.
formamides;
volatile organic compound
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
iberinisothiocyanate;
sulfoxide
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor
oleanolic acidhydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid
plant metabolite
2-tert-butylhydroquinone2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.

2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent
hydroquinonesfood antioxidant
brusatolbrusatol: quassinoid from B. javanica; structuretriterpenoid
hei 712organofluorine compound;
quinolone
2-(5-Chlorobenzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)acetic acid1-benzothiophenes
alyssinsulfoxide
bardoxolone methylmethyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first sourcecyclohexenones
resveratroltrans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
dimethyl fumaratediester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester
antipsoriatic;
immunomodulator
(1e,4e)-1,5-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one
curcumincurcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.

Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.
aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol
anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
umi-77UMI-77: an Mcl-1 inhibitor; structure in first source
2,6-bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone2,6-bis(2,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)cyclohexanone: an anti-inflammatory agent that down-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 expression; structure in first source
strigolstrigol : A strigolactone in which the tricyclic lactone moiety bears a hydroxy substitutuent at the position para to the gem-dimethyl group.

strigol: a strigolactone from roots of various PLANTS; it stimulates seed germination of parasitic STRIGA and OROBANCHE; structure in first source
indenofuran;
secondary alcohol;
strigolactone
hylin
6-methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate: showed a dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), iNOS mRNA and protein.sulfoxide
dimethoxycurcumindimethoxycurcumin: has antineoplsatic activity; structure in first source
(1S,2R)-2-[[(1S)-1-[(1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolyl)methyl]-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl]-oxomethyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acidLH601A: inhibits the interaction between KEAP1 and NRF2; structure in first sourcephthalimides