5'-nucleotidase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: a 5'-ribonucleotide + H2O = a ribonucleoside + phosphate. [EC:3.1.3.5]

5'-Nucleotidase activity refers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of a nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) into a nucleoside and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This reaction is crucial for the regulation of nucleotide levels in cells, particularly in the context of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.

The enzyme responsible for this activity is known as 5'-nucleotidase. It catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from the 5'-hydroxyl position of a nucleoside monophosphate. This reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule on the phosphate group, facilitated by the enzyme's active site.

The specific substrate of 5'-nucleotidase can vary depending on the enzyme's isoform. Some isoforms exhibit broad substrate specificity, acting on a range of NMPs, while others are more specific for certain nucleosides, such as adenosine or guanosine.

**The primary functions of 5'-nucleotidase activity include:**

* **Nucleotide regulation:** The enzyme plays a key role in maintaining the appropriate intracellular concentrations of nucleotides. By hydrolyzing NMPs, it can regulate the supply of precursors for DNA and RNA synthesis, as well as for energy production.
* **Degradation of nucleotides:** 5'-nucleotidase activity is involved in the degradation pathway of nucleotides, converting NMPs into nucleosides, which can be further metabolized.
* **Signal transduction:** In certain cases, 5'-nucleotidase activity is involved in signal transduction pathways. For instance, the hydrolysis of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) by ecto-5'-nucleotidase can generate adenosine, a signaling molecule that regulates various physiological processes.

Overall, 5'-nucleotidase activity is an essential enzymatic function involved in numerous cellular processes related to nucleotide metabolism and signaling. It contributes to the regulation of nucleotide levels, the degradation of nucleotides, and the generation of signaling molecules.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (16)