pyrantel-pamoate and Taeniasis

The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment at 1, 3, and 6 month intervals was evaluated in a prospective controlled field study with naturally exposed Lithuanian village dogs by monthly coproscopy during 1 year. A placebo-treated control group (C) (n = 202) and groups treated with two broad-spectrum anthelmintics, febantel/pyrantel-embonate/praziquantel (Drontal® Plus, Bayer) (D1, D3, D6; n = 113-117) and emodepside/praziquantel (Profender®, Bayer) (P1, P3, P6; n = 114-119), were included. At the beginning of the study, eggs of Toxocara canis (4.02%) and T. cati (0.44%) identified morphometrically and/or molecularly and eggs of taeniid- (0.78%) and Capillaria-like eggs (5.03%) were present in the feces without significant differences in prevalence between groups. Significant decreases in excretion of T. canis eggs was found 1 month after the treatment with Drontal® Plus in February (D1) and with Profender® in October (P1), November (P1), December (P3), February (P1), and March (P1, P3), as compared to controls in the same months. The incidence of egg excretion per dog at least once a year was significantly lower in group P1 for T. canis (4.24%; p < 0.01) and in groups D1, P1 for taeniid eggs (0%; p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), when compared to controls (16.96 and 6.70%, respectively). A critical analyses of factors possibly responsible for intestinal passage of canine helminth eggs revealed that chained dogs excreted T. canis eggs more frequently 1 month after treatment compared to dogs in pens, particularly from November to March (p = 0.01). The incidence of single detection of T. cati eggs was significantly increased in chained dogs (12.46%) as compared to fenced dogs (1.08%; p = 0.0001).

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Depsipeptides; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feces; Female; Guanidines; Intestines; Lithuania; Longitudinal Studies; Parasite Egg Count; Praziquantel; Prospective Studies; Pyrantel Pamoate; Taenia; Taeniasis; Toxocara canis; Toxocariasis; Treatment Outcome

To evaluate the therapeutic guidelines used in evaluating taeniasis in primary care (mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate) and to show the low availability of first choice drugs (niclosamide, praziquantel).. A retrospective, descriptive study.. A clinic for travellers abroad in the Tropical Medicine section (Infectious Diseases Service) of the Hospital Clínic, Barcelona.. 68 medical histories of cases of Taeniasis seen at this clinic between 1984 and 1994.. 72.3% had not travelled to the tropics (autochthonous Taeniasis). The most common symptoms were epigastralgia, anal pruritus, diarrhoea, weight loss and bulimia. 71.2% had previously attended other medical services and all had been correctly diagnosed. 91.8% had received ineffective treatment (the most common treatment was with mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate), sometimes on different occasions. Time elapsed between diagnosis and correct treatment varied from 1 day to 36 months.. Taeniasis is an easily diagnosed infestation. Its treatment is comfortable and effective, with an average cure period of 24 hours. However, the particular medicines are not available in primary care, which hampers and delays treatment.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Anticestodal Agents; Antinematodal Agents; Female; Humans; Male; Mebendazole; Middle Aged; Niclosamide; Praziquantel; Primary Health Care; Pyrantel Pamoate; Retrospective Studies; Taeniasis

Antinematodal efficacy of Saussurea lappa roots (Qust-e-Shereen) and anticestodal effect of Nigella sativa seeds (Kalonji) was studied in children infected naturally with the respective worms. The activities were judged on the basis of percentage reductions in the faecal eggs per gram (EPG) counts. The 50 mg/kg single dose of S. lappa and equivalent amount of its methanolic extract produced on days 7 and 15 percentage EPG reduction similar to 10 mg/kg of pyrantel pamoate. Similarly, single oral administration of 40 mg/kg of N. sativa, equivalent amount of its ethanolic extract and 50 mg/kg of niclosamide reduced the percentage of EPG counts not significantly different from each other on the days 7 and 15. Therefore, it is conceivable that these indigenous medicinal plants contain active principles effective against nematodes and cestodes. The crude drugs did not produce any adverse side effects in the doses tested.

Topics: Anticestodal Agents; Antinematodal Agents; Ascaridiasis; Child; Feces; Humans; Hymenolepiasis; Medicine, Traditional; Niclosamide; Pakistan; Parasite Egg Count; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrantel Pamoate; Taeniasis