biotin biosynthetic process

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of biotin, cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno(3,4-d)imidazoline-4-valeric acid. [ISBN:0198506732]

Biotin biosynthesis is a multi-step metabolic pathway essential for the production of biotin, a vital cofactor for various carboxylase enzymes involved in crucial metabolic processes. The pathway begins with the condensation of pimeloyl-CoA and L-alanine to form 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthase (KAPA synthase) and requires ATP and the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate.

Next, 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid undergoes a series of enzymatic transformations involving a decarboxylation and reduction step to form biotin. This intricate process involves the following enzymes:

- 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid reductase (KAR reductase) converts 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid to 8-amino-7-oxononanoate.
- 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase (AONS synthase) catalyzes the decarboxylation of 8-amino-7-oxononanoate to 8-amino-7-oxooctanoate.
- Biotin synthase (BioB) is the final enzyme in the pathway, responsible for the complex ring closure and sulfur insertion steps to form biotin from 8-amino-7-oxooctanoate.

The biotin biosynthetic pathway is essential for the synthesis of biotin, which plays a critical role in various metabolic reactions, including fatty acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and the metabolism of amino acids. Biotin deficiency can lead to various health problems, including dermatitis, alopecia, and neurological disorders. Therefore, maintaining adequate biotin levels is crucial for overall health and well-being.'
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Proteins (1)

Compounds (12)