Compounds > Pedunculagin
Page last updated: 2024-12-08

Pedunculagin

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

pedunculagin: from the walnut (Juglans regia) pellicle [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID442688
CHEMBL ID506204
CHEBI ID7948

Synonyms (9)

Synonym
pedunculagin
C10236 ,
7045-42-3
bdbm50242262
chebi:7948 ,
CHEMBL506204 ,
DTXSID20990656
Q7160092
(1r,2s,19r,22r)-7,8,9,12,13,14,20,28,29,30,33,34,35-tridecahydroxy-3,18,21,24,39-pentaoxaheptacyclo[20.17.0.02,19.05,10.011,16.026,31.032,37]nonatriaconta-5,7,9,11,13,15,26,28,30,32,34,36-dodecaene-4,17,25,38-tetrone
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
tanninAny of a group of astringent polyphenolic vegetable principles or compounds, chiefly complex glucosides of catechol and pyrogallol.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Prothrombin Bos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)0.16500.00890.88576.0000AID402819; AID402820
Prothrombin Bos taurus (cattle)Ki0.04200.00112.06948.3700AID402818
Coagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.56000.00030.593710.0000AID402822
Coagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.99000.00000.47089.0000AID402821
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.04200.00010.601710.0000AID402818
Squalene monooxygenase Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)2.00000.06102.344610.0000AID357307
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (7)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
proteolysisProthrombin Bos taurus (cattle)
acute-phase responseProthrombin Bos taurus (cattle)
positive regulation of blood coagulationProthrombin Bos taurus (cattle)
protein polymerizationProthrombin Bos taurus (cattle)
proteolysisCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell migrationCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of TOR signalingCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (5)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
serine-type endopeptidase activityProthrombin Bos taurus (cattle)
calcium ion bindingProthrombin Bos taurus (cattle)
protein bindingProthrombin Bos taurus (cattle)
fibrinogen bindingProthrombin Bos taurus (cattle)
serine-type endopeptidase activityCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid bindingCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (6)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular regionCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi lumenCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCoagulation factor XHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (45)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID402810Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as thrombin time at 0.1 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID402804Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as thrombin time at 0.5 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID402813Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as thrombin time at 0.75 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID402812Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as prothrombin time at 0.75 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID402824Ratio of Ki for human factor 10a to Ki for bovine thrombin1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID358169Cytotoxicity against human TE671 cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay1992Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents.
AID402803Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as prothrombin time at 0.5 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID398697Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in Sprague-Dawley rat heart mitochondria assessed as inhibition of FeSO4-induced malondialdehyde formation1995Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 58, Issue:9
Effect of anthraquinone derivatives on lipid peroxidation in rat heart mitochondria: structure-activity relationship.
AID357307Inhibition of C-terminal hexahistidine-tagged rat recombinant squalene epoxidase without N-terminal putative membrane domain expressed in Escherichia coli2001Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 64, Issue:8
Ellagitannins and hexahydroxydiphenoyl esters as inhibitors of vertebrate squalene epoxidase.
AID358166Cytotoxicity against human KB cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay1992Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents.
AID402808Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as activated partial thromboplastin time at 0.25 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID402806Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as prothrombin time at 0.25 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID465730Antiviral activity against E1 and E2 envelope protein expressing HCV infected in HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral invasion at 1 uM after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Tellimagrandin I, HCV invasion inhibitor from Rosae Rugosae Flos.
AID400987Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 100 uM
AID465732Antiviral activity against G envelope protein expressing HCV infected in HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral invasion at 3 uM after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Tellimagrandin I, HCV invasion inhibitor from Rosae Rugosae Flos.
AID402814Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as activated partial thromboplastin time at 0.75 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID400992Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 100 uM
AID465728Antiviral activity against E1 and E2 envelope protein expressing HCV infected in HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral invasion at 10 uM after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Tellimagrandin I, HCV invasion inhibitor from Rosae Rugosae Flos.
AID402805Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as activated partial thromboplastin time at 0.5 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID358168Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay1992Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents.
AID402811Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as activated partial thromboplastin time at 0.1 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID358167Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay1992Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents.
AID402819Inhibition of bovine thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis of S-22381998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID400986Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 10 uM
AID402826Toxicity in po dosed mouse1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID398696Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in Sprague-Dawley rat heart mitochondria assessed as inhibition of FeSO4-induced oxygen consumption1995Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 58, Issue:9
Effect of anthraquinone derivatives on lipid peroxidation in rat heart mitochondria: structure-activity relationship.
AID402822Inhibition of human factor 10a-catalyzed hydrolysis of S-22221998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID400985Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 1 uM
AID402809Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as prothrombin time at 0.1 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID465731Antiviral activity against G envelope protein expressing HCV infected in HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral invasion at 10 uM after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Tellimagrandin I, HCV invasion inhibitor from Rosae Rugosae Flos.
AID402807Anticoagulant activity in rabbit plasma assessed as thrombin time at 0.25 mM after 2 mins1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID465733Antiviral activity against G envelope protein expressing HCV infected in HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral invasion at 1 uM after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Tellimagrandin I, HCV invasion inhibitor from Rosae Rugosae Flos.
AID400984Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 0.1 uM
AID465729Antiviral activity against E1 and E2 envelope protein expressing HCV infected in HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral invasion at 3 uM after 24 hrs by SEAP reporter gene assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-01, Volume: 20, Issue:5
Tellimagrandin I, HCV invasion inhibitor from Rosae Rugosae Flos.
AID400989Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 0.1 uM
AID402820Inhibition of bovine thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis of fibrinogen1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID400988Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dTMP in poly(rA)-oligo(dT) at 1000 uM
AID403101Toxicity in po dosed rat1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID400991Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 10 uM
AID400990Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 1 uM
AID402818Inhibition of bovine thrombin by Lineweaver-Burke plot analysis1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
AID358165Cytotoxicity against human PRMI7951 cells by tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay1992Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Antitumor agents, 129. Tannins and related compounds as selective cytotoxic agents.
AID400993Inhibition of AMV reverse transcriptase activity assessed as incorporation of dGMP in poly(rC)-oligo(dG) at 1000 uM
AID337646Astringency in human blood by heme-analysis relative to tannin1994Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 57, Issue:10
Ellagitannins and complex tannins from Quercus petraea bark.
AID402821Inhibition of human factor 10a1998Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 61, Issue:11
Effects of tannins from Geum japonicum on the catalytic activity of thrombin and factor Xa of blood coagulation cascade.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (10)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's4 (40.00)18.2507
2000's1 (10.00)29.6817
2010's4 (40.00)24.3611
2020's1 (10.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 30.53

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index30.53 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.48 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.66 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index36.71 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (30.53)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other11 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		210trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		1.9810trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		1.9810aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
alizarin
[no description available]		1.9810dihydroxyanthraquinonechromophore;
dye;
plant metabolite
1-aminoanthraquinone
[no description available]		1.9810
2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone
2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source. anthraflavic acid : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene substituted by hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-7 and oxo groups at C-9 and C-10.		1.9810dihydroxyanthraquinoneantimutagen;
plant metabolite
9,10-anthraquinone
9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.		1.9810anthraquinone
anthrarufin
1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone: used in ferric ion sensing as an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin; structure in first source. anthrarufin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 5.		1.9810dihydroxyanthraquinone
2-aminoanthraquinone
[no description available]		1.9810anthraquinone
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		1.9810catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
chrysophanic acid
chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.		1.9810dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
physcione
physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.		1.9810dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite
ethyl gallate
ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol.		210gallate esterplant metabolite
lauryl gallate
[no description available]		210gallate ester
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		1.9810alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
octyl gallate
[no description available]		210gallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.420flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose
pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.9240gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radiation protective agent;
radical scavenger
9,10-anthraquinone 2-carboxylic acid
9,10-anthraquinone 2-carboxylic acid: structure in first source		1.9810
epicatechin
(-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.		1.9810catechin;
polyphenol		antioxidant
1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose
1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose: structure given in first source. 1,2,3,6-tetrakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having four galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3- and 6-positions.		1.9810gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose
strictinin
strictinin: antioxidant from green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis L.); structure in first source		1.9810
corilagin
corilagin: isolated from Geranii herba. corilagin : An ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core.		2.3920ellagitannin;
gallate ester		antihypertensive agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
casuarictin
sanguiin H 11: regulates chemotaxis of neutrophil; from plant, Sanguisorba officinalis; structure in first source		2.3920tannin
anthraglycoside b
anthraglycoside B: from Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc; structure in first source		1.9810dihydroxyanthraquinone
epicatechin gallate
epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.		2.3920catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
procyanidin b2
procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.		2.3920biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavan;
polyphenol;
proanthocyanidin		antioxidant;
metabolite
procyanidin b2-3,3'-di-o-gallate
procyanidin B2-3,3'-di-O-gallate: structure in first source		2.3920flavonoid oligomer
proanthocyanidin a2
procyanidin A2: structure in first source. proanthocyanidin A2 : A proanthocyanidin obtained by the condensation of (-)-epicatechin units.		1.9810hydroxyflavan;
proanthocyanidin		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-HIV agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
3,4,5-tri-o-galloylquinic acid
3,4,5-tri-O-galloylquinic acid: DNA polymerase inhibitor; structure given in first source		1.9810
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		2.2510amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
procyanidin C1
procyanidin trimer C1: a flavonoid found in multiple plant sources including grape, apple, and cacao, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. procyanidin C1 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of three (-)-epicatechin units joined by two successive (4beta->8)-linkages.		1.9810hydroxyflavan;
polyphenol;
proanthocyanidin		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
(-)-gallocatechin gallate
(-)-gallocatechin gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-gallocatechin. A natural product found in found in green tea.		1.9810catechin;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,2,6-tri-o-galloyl-beta-d-glucopyranose
1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose: from Terminalia chebula fruits, effective against multidrug-resistant uropathogens; structure in first source. 1,2,6-tris-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having the galloyl groups in the 1-, 2- and 6-positions.		2.3920gallate ester;
galloyl beta-D-glucose
theasinensin a
theasinensin A: a tea polyphenol formed from (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, suppresses antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. theasinensin A : A biflavonoid that is obtained by coupling of two molecules of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate resulting in a bond between positions C-2 of the hydroxyphenyl ring. It is a natural product found in oolong tea.		210biflavonoid;
gallate ester;
proanthocyanidin		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
melanin synthesis inhibitor;
plant metabolite
Chebulagic acid
[no description available]		2.3920tannin
eugeniin
eugeniin: structure in first source. eugeniin : An ellagitannin isolated from the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata. It exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as well as the wild-type HSV-1.		2.730beta-D-glucoside;
ellagitannin;
gallate ester;
lactone		anti-HSV-1 agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		1.9810actinomycinmutagen
cinnamtannin b-1
cinnamtannin B-1: COX2 Inhibitor from bay wood and bark of Cinnamomum cassia; structure in second source. cinnamtannin B-1 : A proanthocyanidin found in Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum.		1.9810proanthocyanidincyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		210triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Geraniin
[no description available]		2.3920tannin
ellagic acid
[no description available]		210catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
furosin
furosin: an ellagitannin from extract of leaves & stems of Phyllanthus sellowianus; structure given in first source		2.3920
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		3.0740
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.2510
punicalagin
punicalagin: hepatoprotective agent isolated from Terminalia catappa; structure in first source		2.1710tannin
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Acne
[description not available]		07.2510
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		07.2510