Compounds > 2-aminopurine dioxolane
Page last updated: 2024-10-15

2-aminopurine dioxolane

Description

(4-2-aminopurin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID135400895
CHEMBL ID417332
SCHEMBL ID1130027
SCHEMBL ID19815503
MeSH IDM0271933

Synonyms (26)

Synonym
6h-purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-((2r,4r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-
(-)-beta-d-dioxolane guanosine
2-aminopurine dioxolane
beta-d-dioxolane-guanosine
6h-purin-6-one, 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-9-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-, (2r-cis)-
(4-2-aminopurin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol
145514-01-8
9h-purin-6-ol, 2-amino-9-[(2r,4r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-
2-amino-9-[(2r,4r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]purin-6-ol
(-)-bch-187
spd-761
dioxolane guanosine
nsc657272
2-amino-9-[(2r,4r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-1h-purin-6-one
(-)-.beta.-d-1',3'-dioxolane guanosine
(-)-(2r,4r)-9-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]guanine
apd cpd
beta-d-dioxolaneguanine
CHEMBL417332
2-amino-9-[(2r,4r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-3h-purin-6-one
SCHEMBL1130027
SCHEMBL19815503
2-amino-9-((2r,4r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-1h-purin-6(9h)-one
DTXSID00932630
9-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-2-imino-3,9-dihydro-2h-purin-6-ol
2-amino-9-[(2r,4r)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-6,9-dihydro-1h-purin-6-one

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReference
" Thus, the results of this pharmacokinetic study suggest that APD is likely to serve as a better prodrug of DXG and should be considered for clinical trials for antiviral therapy against human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus."( Pharmacokinetics of (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane and (-)-beta-D-2-amino-6-chloropurine dioxolane and their antiviral metabolite (-)-beta-D-dioxolane guanine in rhesus monkeys.
Boudinot, FD; Chen, H; Chu, CK; Mcclure, HM; Schinazi, RF, 1996)
" Similar pharmacokinetic profiles for DXG were observed following either route of administration in serum, liver and brain."( Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of prodrug 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-2-aminopurine and its antiviral metabolite 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine in mice.
Boudinot, FD; Chu, CK; Manouilov, KK; Manouilova, LS; Schinazi, RF, 1997)
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of D-DOT in serum and urine were adequately described by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model."( Pharmacokinetics of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine in rhesus monkeys.
Asif, G; Chu, CK; Delinsky, D; Hurwitz, SJ; McClure, HM; Narayanasamy, J; Obikhod, A; Schinazi, RF, 2007)
" A recent in silico pharmacokinetic (PK)/enzyme kinetic study suggested that ZDV at 200 mg twice a day (b."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Asif, G; Fromentin, E; Hurwitz, SJ; Schinazi, RF; Tharnish, PM, 2010)

Bioavailability

ExcerptReference
" Oral bioavailability of DAPD was estimated to be approximately 30%."( Pharmacokinetics of (-)-beta-D-dioxolane guanine and prodrug (-)-beta-D-2,6-diaminopurine dioxolane in rats and monkeys.
Boudinot, FD; Chen, H; Chu, CK; Gao, Z; McClure, HM; Rajagopalan, P; Schinazi, RF, 1999)
" However, the combination of AZT with DXG or its orally bioavailable prodrug (-)-beta-D-2, 6-diaminopurine-dioxolane should be explored because of the suppressive effects of the K65R and L74V mutations on AZT resistance."( In vitro selection of mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase that decrease susceptibility to (-)-beta-D-dioxolane-guanosine and suppress resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
Bazmi, HZ; Cavalcanti, SC; Chu, CK; Hammond, JL; Mellors, JW; Schinazi, RF, 2000)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (49)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID369024AUC (0 to infinity) in woodchuck hepatitis virus -negative woodchucks assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine at 33.3 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose followed by dose of 33.3 mg/kg, po after 4 weeks washout period2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID572118Tmax in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 200 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID369223Oral bioavailability in woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine at 33.3 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose followed by dose of 33.3 mg/kg, po after 4 weeks washout period2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID436400Antiviral activity against HCV in human Huh7 cells by RNA replicon assay2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 44, Issue:10
Synthesis, antiviral activity, and stability of nucleoside analogs containing tricyclic bases.
AID571618Drug level in HIV-1 infected patient urine assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 300 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID369022AUC (0 to infinity) in woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine at 33.3 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID571586Half life in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 300 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571616Drug level in HIV-1 infected patient urine assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID154974Concentration required for antiviral activity in PBMC (human peripheral blood mononuclear cells) infected with HIV-1 strain LAV1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-03, Volume: 36, Issue:18
Structure-activity relationships of beta-D-(2S,5R)- and alpha-D-(2S,5S)-1,3-oxathiolanyl nucleosides as potential anti-HIV agents.
AID571579Apparent oral clearance in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 200 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID436399Antiviral activity against HIV in human PBM cells by RNA replicon assay2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 44, Issue:10
Synthesis, antiviral activity, and stability of nucleoside analogs containing tricyclic bases.
AID436401Cytotoxicity against human PBMC cells2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 44, Issue:10
Synthesis, antiviral activity, and stability of nucleoside analogs containing tricyclic bases.
AID436403Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 44, Issue:10
Synthesis, antiviral activity, and stability of nucleoside analogs containing tricyclic bases.
AID369225Cmax in woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine at 33.3 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID571609Cmax in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 1 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571582Tmax in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 300 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID47306Cytotoxicity against uninfected PHA-stimulated CEM cells was determined1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 36, Issue:1
1,3-dioxolanylpurine nucleosides (2R,4R) and (2R,4S) with selective anti-HIV-1 activity in human lymphocytes.
AID436402Cytotoxicity against human CEM cells2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct, Volume: 44, Issue:10
Synthesis, antiviral activity, and stability of nucleoside analogs containing tricyclic bases.
AID572112Tmax in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID229050Cytotoxicity against uninfected PHA-stimulated vero cells was determined1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 36, Issue:1
1,3-dioxolanylpurine nucleosides (2R,4R) and (2R,4S) with selective anti-HIV-1 activity in human lymphocytes.
AID369209AUC (0 to infinity) in iv dosed mouse2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID369208AUC (0 to infinity) in orally dosed mouse2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID369028Terminal elimination half life in woodchuck hepatitis virus -negative woodchucks assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine at 33.3 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose followed by dose of 33.3 mg/kg, po after 4 weeks washout period2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID572116Half life in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID369019Oral bioavailability in mouse2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID406054Cmax in rhesus monkey2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Pharmacokinetics of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent 1-(beta-D-dioxolane)thymine in rhesus monkeys.
AID369020Cmax in woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine at 33.3 mg/kg iv followed by after 4 weeks washout period administered 33.3 mg/kg, po2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID571581Ratio of AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 200 mg, po bid zidovudine to AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosi2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID154968Antiviral activity was evaluated in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells infected with HIV-1 strain LAV1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 36, Issue:1
1,3-dioxolanylpurine nucleosides (2R,4R) and (2R,4S) with selective anti-HIV-1 activity in human lymphocytes.
AID571587Ratio of AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 300 mg, po bid zidovudine to AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosi2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID369215Terminal elimination half life in orally dosed monkey assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID571584AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 300 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571611Half life in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 1 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID369026Terminal elimination half life in woodchuck hepatitis virus-negative woodchucks assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine at 33.3 mg/kg, iv administered as single dose2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID571613Drug level in HIV-1 infected patient urine at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571583Cmax in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 300 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID572113Cmax in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571614Drug level in HIV-1 infected patient urine at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 200 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571578AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 200 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571585Apparent oral clearance in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 300 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571580Half life in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 200 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID369214Terminal elimination half life in orally dosed mouse assessed as 9-(beta-D-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)guanine2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 51, Issue:9
Antiviral effect of orally administered (-)-beta-D-2-aminopurine dioxolane in woodchucks with chronic woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
AID571615Drug level in HIV-1 infected patient urine at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 300 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571577Cmax in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 200 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID572115Apparent oral clearance in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID571617Drug level in HIV-1 infected patient urine assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 coadministered with 200 mg, po bid zidovudine by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID572114AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 by LC-MS/MS analysis2010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID572117Ratio of AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 10 to AUC (0 to 12 hrs) in HIV-1 infected patient assessed as beta-D-dioxolane guanosine level at 500 mg, po bid on day 12010Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Mar, Volume: 54, Issue:3
Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between amdoxovir and reduced- and standard-dose zidovudine in HIV-1-infected individuals.
AID152645Cytotoxicity against uninfected PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells was determined1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-08, Volume: 36, Issue:1
1,3-dioxolanylpurine nucleosides (2R,4R) and (2R,4S) with selective anti-HIV-1 activity in human lymphocytes.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (24)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's8 (33.33)18.2507
2000's15 (62.50)29.6817
2010's1 (4.17)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (4.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other24 (96.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		2106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		210amino-acid anion
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
ag-1549
capravirine: a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor		210
brl 42810
[no description available]		2.03102-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		2.0210amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.0210aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		2.0210aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.4220cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		2.0210arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		2.0110mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		210azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		2.0110thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
2-aminopurine
2-Aminopurine: A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine).. aminopurine : Any purine having at least one amino substituent.. 2-aminopurine : The parent compound of the 2-aminopurines, comprising a purine core carrying an amino substituent at the 2-position.		2.4202-aminopurines;
nucleobase analogue		antimetabolite
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		2.4220pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine
2'-deoxyformycin A: RN not in Chemline 9/85; RN and structure given in first source		2.0310purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.01102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-fluorocytidine
5-fluorocytidine: isolated from DNA of Escherichia coli grown in presence of 5-fluorouracil; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810cytidines;
organofluorine compound
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		2.0310dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate
Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.		2.0110
2,6-diaminopurine
9H-purine-2,6-diamine : A member of the class of 2,6-diaminopurines that is 9H-purine in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by amino groups.		2102,6-diaminopurines;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.6971azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
lamivudine
[no description available]		3.150monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.03106-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.4220monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
zidovudine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0110
amdoxovir
amdoxovir: structure in first source; RN given refers to (2R-cis)-isomer		5.19111
4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9h-purin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol
4-(2-amino-6-chloro-9H-purin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol: RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source		2.3920
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		210sulfonamideprodrug
1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methylcytosine triphosphate
1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methylcytosine triphosphate: RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.0110
atazanavir sulfate
Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.		210organic sulfate salt
telbivudine
[no description available]		2.0310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		210divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
2'-fluorothymidine
[no description available]		2.0110
dioxolane-thymine
dioxolane-thymine: structure in first source		2.0310
lamivudine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0110
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		210nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		210chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0310fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
arabinofuranosyluracil
Arabinofuranosyluracil: A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of CYTARABINE.		2.0110
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		210sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		2.03102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		2.0110deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.4220guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		2.41202-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		5.17180guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		1.9910nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
nsc 614846
carbovir: structure given in first source; potent & selective anti-HIV agent. carbovir : Cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl group such that the two substitutents on the cyclopentene ring are in a cis relationship. The (-)-enantiomer, also known as carbovir, is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication replication in cell cultures.. (-)-carbovir : The (active) (-)-enantiomer of the carbocyclic analogue of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydroguanosine.		2.0510carbovirHIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Chronic Hepatitis B
[description not available]		02.0310
Hepatitis B, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.0310
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		02.7230
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		04.1131
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		04.1131
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		01.9910
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4120
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		02.4120
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0110
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.0110
Hepatitis, Viral, Animal
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in animals due to viral infection.		02.0110
Infections, Hepadnaviridae
[description not available]		02.0110
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.0110
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.0110
Hepadnaviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the HEPADNAVIRIDAE.		02.0110