Target type: cellularcomponent
A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which are capable of catalyzing the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA and the subsequent synthesis of a smal stretch of DNA. The smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis. [GOC:mah, PMID:11395402, PMID:26975377]
The alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex is a multi-subunit enzyme essential for eukaryotic DNA replication. It is responsible for initiating DNA synthesis at replication origins and elongating the nascent DNA strand. The complex consists of four subunits:
**1. DNA polymerase alpha (Pol α):** This subunit possesses both polymerase and 5'-3' exonuclease activity. Its primary function is to synthesize the initial short RNA:DNA primer, a crucial step for initiating DNA replication.
**2. Primase (Pri):** Primase is a specialized RNA polymerase responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer that is required to initiate DNA synthesis by Pol α.
**3. DNA polymerase alpha accessory factor 1 (PAF1):** PAF1 is essential for the stability and activity of the complex. It interacts with both Pol α and Pri, promoting their association and increasing their processivity.
**4. DNA polymerase alpha accessory factor 2 (PAF2):** PAF2 is a regulatory subunit that contributes to the complex's stability and processivity. It interacts with Pol α, potentially modulating its activity.
The complex is localized to the nucleus, specifically at replication forks, where it acts as the leading enzyme in the initiation of DNA synthesis. Its activity is tightly regulated by various factors, including cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage signaling pathways. The alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex plays a vital role in ensuring accurate and efficient DNA replication, a crucial process for maintaining the integrity of the genome and the proper function of all cellular processes.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit | A DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| digallic acid | digallic acid: structure given in first source | benzoate ester; gallate ester | |
| foscarnet | Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor |
| zidovudine triphosphate | |||
| resveratrol | trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| TTP | pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | ||
| aphidicolin | aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication. Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells. | tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| pnu183792 | PNU183792: structure in first source | ||
| GS-443902 | GS-441524 triphosphate: intracellular active metabolite of remdesivir GS-443902 : An organic triphosphate that is GS-441524 in which the 5'-hydroxy group has been replaced by a triphosphate group. It is the active metabolite of remdesivir. | aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; nitrile; organic triphosphate; pyrrolotriazine | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; drug metabolite |
| n(2)-(4-n-butylphenyl) 2'-deoxyguanosine | N(2)-(4-n-butylphenyl) 2'-deoxyguanosine: RN & structure given in first source |