Compounds > stavudine triphosphate
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

stavudine triphosphate

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Description

Stavudine triphosphate is a nucleoside analog that is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. It is a prodrug that is converted to the active triphosphate form in cells. Stavudine triphosphate has been shown to be effective in the treatment of HIV infection. It is currently marketed under the brand name Zerit. The synthesis of stavudine triphosphate involves a series of chemical reactions that are typically carried out in a laboratory setting. The effects of stavudine triphosphate include inhibition of HIV-1 replication, and potential side effects such as peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, and pancreatitis. Stavudine triphosphate is important because it is an effective treatment for HIV infection. It is studied in order to understand its mechanism of action, to develop new and improved treatments for HIV infection, and to evaluate its safety and efficacy. '

stavudine triphosphate: shows termination substrate properties in DNA synthesis catalyzed by several different DNA polymerases; also abbreviated d4TTP [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID65355
CHEMBL ID485652
SCHEMBL ID987898
MeSH IDM0150763

Synonyms (24)

Synonym
stavudine triphosphate
d4ttp
[hydroxy-[[(2s,5r)-5-(5-methyl-2,4-dioxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl]methoxy]phosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate
26194-89-8
thymidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-
thymine, 1-(2,3-dideoxy-.beta.-d-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)-, 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate)
ddettp
2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate
d4t-tp
2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-dehydrothymidine 5'-triphosphate
DB02887
CHEMBL485652 ,
2,3-ddddttp
1zp0vj751g ,
2',3'-dedehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate
unii-1zp0vj751g
dddttp
bdbm50370655
SCHEMBL987898
hymidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-
DTXSID10180822
stavudine triphosphate triethylammonium salt
J-016315
Q27093852

Research Excerpts

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In conclusion, with the persistence of 4'-Ed4TTP and persistent anti-HIV activity in cells, we anticipate less frequent dosing and fewer patient compliance issues than for D4T."( Intracellular metabolism and persistence of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine, a novel thymidine analog.
Baba, M; Cheng, YC; Dutschman, GE; Grill, SP; Hu, R; Lam, W; Paintsil, E; Tanaka, H, 2007)		0.34
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)4.47530.00011.076810.0000AID289142; AID405417; AID740628
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.50290.00031.552310.0000AID238445; AID564144; AID564145; AID564146; AID564147; AID564148; AID564149; AID564150; AID564151
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd185.76000.00062.40599.8000AID529698; AID529699; AID529700; AID529701; AID572771
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (57)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID529729Selectivity index, ratio of Kpol/Kd for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of dTMP to Kpol/Kd for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase reverse transcriptase assess2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID529700Inhibition of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using DNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID572772Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID529698Inhibition of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using RNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID83421The inhibition of compound was determined by reverse transcriptase assay using DNA as template1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2
1-(2,3-Dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine. A highly potent and selective anti-HIV agent.
AID405417Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant reverse transcriptase2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Selective inhibition of porcine endogenous retrovirus replication in human cells by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
AID564155Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 Reverse transcriptase M184V mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID564154Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 Reverse transcriptase T165A mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID564157Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 Reverse transcriptase P119S/M184V mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID1700728Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human TK-deficient CEM/0 cells assessed as inhibition of viral-induced giant cell formation incubated for 4 to 5 days by microscopy2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22
γ-Ketobenzyl-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphate Prodrugs as Potential Antivirals.
AID564146Inhibition of HIV1 Reverse transcriptase T165A mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID529713Activity of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using RNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID83422The inhibition of compound was determined by reverse transcriptase assay using RNA as template1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 32, Issue:2
1-(2,3-Dideoxy-beta-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine. A highly potent and selective anti-HIV agent.
AID529701Inhibition of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using DNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID405416Inhibition of PERV reverse transcriptase from Kagoshima pig DRK4 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Selective inhibition of porcine endogenous retrovirus replication in human cells by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
AID1700727Antiviral activity against HIV2 ROD infected in human CEM/0 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced syncytia cell formation measured after 4 to 5 days by microscopic analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22
γ-Ketobenzyl-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphate Prodrugs as Potential Antivirals.
AID564147Inhibition of HIV1 Reverse transcriptase M184V mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID1700726Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B infected in human CEM/0 cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced syncytia cell formation measured after 4 to 5 days by microscopic analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22
γ-Ketobenzyl-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphate Prodrugs as Potential Antivirals.
AID564156Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 Reverse transcriptase P119S/T165A mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID529710Activity of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using DNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID405415Inhibition of PERV reverse transcriptase from Kagoshima pig KK5 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Selective inhibition of porcine endogenous retrovirus replication in human cells by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
AID1655036Half life in pH 7.3 phosphate buffered saline by HPLC analysis
AID405414Inhibition of PERV reverse transcriptase from pig PK15 cells2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Selective inhibition of porcine endogenous retrovirus replication in human cells by acyclic nucleoside phosphonates.
AID564144Inhibition of wild-type HIV1 Reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID564148Inhibition of HIV1 Reverse transcriptase P119S/T165A mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID564151Inhibition of HIV1 Reverse transcriptase P119S/T165A/M184V mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID564159Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 Reverse transcriptase P119S/T165A/M184V mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID1700746Substrate activity at HIV reverse transcriptase assessed as increase in primer extension incubated at 37 degC for 60 mins and at 80 degC for 3 mins in presence of fluorescent-lebelled dATP, dCTP and dGTP by PAGE analysis2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22
γ-Ketobenzyl-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphate Prodrugs as Potential Antivirals.
AID529723Ratio of Kpol/Kd for DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using DNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID289146Antiviral activity against HIV with reverse transcriptase M184V mutation assessed as reduction of potency relative to wild type2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profile of thymidine phosphonomethoxy nucleosides and their bis-isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl (bisPOC) prodrugs.
AID564145Inhibition of HIV1 Reverse transcriptase P119S mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID564149Inhibition of HIV1 Reverse transcriptase P119S/M184V mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID529724Ratio of Kpol/Kd for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using RNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID289143Cytotoxicity against MT2 cells2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profile of thymidine phosphonomethoxy nucleosides and their bis-isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl (bisPOC) prodrugs.
AID1700729Cytotoxicity against human CEM/0 CD4+ T cells assessed as reduction in cell viability2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22
γ-Ketobenzyl-Modified Nucleoside Triphosphate Prodrugs as Potential Antivirals.
AID529711Activity of DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using DNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID529727Selectivity index, ratio of Kpol/Kd for DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of dTMP to Kpol/Kd for DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase reverse transcriptase assess2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID238445Inhibitory constant against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-07, Volume: 48, Issue:7
Synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-alpha-P-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphates and their inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID572771Binding affinity to HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID572764Selectivity, ratio of Kpol to Kd for TTP to Kpol to Kd for compound at HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID564158Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 Reverse transcriptase T165A/M184V mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID289141Inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect in wild type HIV 3a infected MT2 cells after 5 days2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profile of thymidine phosphonomethoxy nucleosides and their bis-isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl (bisPOC) prodrugs.
AID289144Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase 6TAM mutation assessed as reduction of potency relative to wild type2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profile of thymidine phosphonomethoxy nucleosides and their bis-isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl (bisPOC) prodrugs.
AID564150Inhibition of HIV1 Reverse transcriptase T165A/M184V mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID289145Antiviral activity against HIV1 with reverse transcriptase K65R mutation assessed as reduction of potency relative to wild type2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profile of thymidine phosphonomethoxy nucleosides and their bis-isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl (bisPOC) prodrugs.
AID529726Selectivity index, ratio of Kpol/Kd for DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as incorporation of dTMP to Kpol/Kd for DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase reverse transcr2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID564152Ratio of Ki to Km for wild-type HIV1 Reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
AID572770Activity at HIV1 reverse transcriptase measured after 30 mins2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID529728Selectivity index, ratio of Kpol/Kd for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as incorporation of dTMP to Kpol/Kd for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase reverse transcr2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID289142Inhibition of HIV1 reverse transcriptase2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 15, Issue:16
Synthesis, anti-HIV activity, and resistance profile of thymidine phosphonomethoxy nucleosides and their bis-isopropyloxymethylcarbonyl (bisPOC) prodrugs.
AID529699Inhibition of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using RNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID373568Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 reverse transcriptase2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 51, Issue:11
Intracellular metabolism and persistence of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine, a novel thymidine analog.
AID529722Ratio of Kpol/Kd for DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using DNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID529725Ratio of Kpol/Kd for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using RNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID529712Activity of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as incorporation of d4TMP by burst assay using RNA/DNA Primer/Template combination2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Mechanism of inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase by a stavudine analogue, 4'-ethynyl stavudine triphosphate.
AID740628Competitive inhibition of C-Terminal histidine-tagged wild type heterodimeric HIV-1 reverse transcriptase p66/p51 assessed as inhibition of dTTP incorporation after 15 mins by PAGE2013Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 56, Issue:10
Bifunctional inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase: mechanism and proof-of-concept as a novel therapeutic design strategy.
AID564153Ratio of Ki to Km for HIV1 Reverse transcriptase P119S mutant2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Nov, Volume: 53, Issue:11
Impact of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations P119S and T165A on 4'-ethynylthymidine analog resistance profile.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (18)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19904 (22.22)18.7374
1990's1 (5.56)18.2507
2000's10 (55.56)29.6817
2010's1 (5.56)24.3611
2020's2 (11.11)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.83

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.83 (24.57)
Research Supply Index2.94 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.78 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.83)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other18 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.4420cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thymidine
[no description available]		2.0210pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.05102'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		3.5480dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.7230pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		3.5180azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.03106-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
lamivudine
[no description available]		2.7330monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		2.0510monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		3.1350pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate
ddTTP : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having thymine as the nucleobase.		1.9710pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.05102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2',3'-dideoxythymidine
[no description available]		2.0310
2',3'-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.4420purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate
zidovudine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.9340
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate: inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase & has potent DNA chain termination activity		2.0210
4'-azidothymidine
4'-azidothymidine: inhibits HIV replication in human lymphocytes		2.0310
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus RNA synthesis		2.0510
3'-fluorothymidine-5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0210
2'-fluorothymidine
[no description available]		2.0210
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.0510
lamivudine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.4420
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.4420nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
6-phosphonylmethoxyethoxy-2,4-diaminopyrimidine
[no description available]		2.0310
2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine
2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine: a highly active anti-HIV agent; structure in first source		2.4420
tenofovir diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0510
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.4420fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
arabinofuranosyluracil
Arabinofuranosyluracil: A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of CYTARABINE.		2.0210
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0510deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		2.0510purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
carbovir triphosphate
carbovir triphosphate: metabolite of abacavir. carbovir triphosphate : The organic triphosphate that is the 5'-triphosphate of (-)-carbovir.		2.0510organic triphosphate
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		03.0950
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.0510
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		02.0510