S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the reaction: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione + NAD(P)+ = S-formylglutathione + NAD(P)H + H+. [EC:1.1.1.284]

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) activity is a crucial enzyme in the detoxification pathway of formaldehyde, a highly reactive and toxic compound. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione (HMGSH), a formaldehyde adduct, to S-formylglutathione (FSG). The reaction involves the transfer of a hydride ion from HMGSH to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) cofactor, resulting in the formation of NADPH and FSG. FSG is then further processed by the enzyme formaldehyde dehydrogenase to formate, which can be readily excreted.

This enzymatic activity plays a vital role in protecting cells from formaldehyde toxicity, which can cause DNA damage, protein crosslinking, and cell death. S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase is found in various organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals. In humans, this enzyme is primarily expressed in the liver, which is the primary site of detoxification.

The enzyme's activity is influenced by several factors, including the concentration of its substrates, HMGSH and NADP+, as well as the presence of inhibitors. The regulation of this enzyme's activity is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing formaldehyde-induced damage.'
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Proteins (2)

Compounds (5)