fatty acid omega-oxidation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. [MetaCyc:PWY-2724, PMID:16404574]

Omega-oxidation is an alternative pathway for the catabolism of fatty acids, particularly important when beta-oxidation is impaired. It occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, starting with the oxidation of the ω-carbon (the terminal carbon) of a fatty acid. This reaction is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, which introduces a hydroxyl group at the ω-carbon. Further oxidation of the hydroxyl group produces a carboxylic acid. The ω-hydroxylated fatty acid is then shortened by two carbons through beta-oxidation, which is similar to the process in mitochondria but occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. This cycle of ω-hydroxylation and beta-oxidation continues until the fatty acid is completely broken down into dicarboxylic acids. These dicarboxylic acids can then be further metabolized by beta-oxidation in the mitochondria. Omega-oxidation is a less efficient process than beta-oxidation because it requires more steps and uses more energy. However, it is important for the catabolism of fatty acids that cannot be broken down by beta-oxidation, such as branched-chain fatty acids. Additionally, ω-oxidation plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and environmental toxins. '
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Proteins (4)

Compounds (11)