Page last updated: 2024-10-24

fatty acid omega-oxidation

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

A fatty acid oxidation process in which the methyl group at the end of the fatty acid molecule (the omega carbon) is first oxidized to a hydroxyl group, then to an oxo group, and finally to a carboxyl group. The long chain dicarboxylates derived from omega-oxidation then enter the beta-oxidation pathway for further degradation. [MetaCyc:PWY-2724, PMID:16404574]

Omega-oxidation is an alternative pathway for the catabolism of fatty acids, particularly important when beta-oxidation is impaired. It occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, starting with the oxidation of the ω-carbon (the terminal carbon) of a fatty acid. This reaction is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, which introduces a hydroxyl group at the ω-carbon. Further oxidation of the hydroxyl group produces a carboxylic acid. The ω-hydroxylated fatty acid is then shortened by two carbons through beta-oxidation, which is similar to the process in mitochondria but occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. This cycle of ω-hydroxylation and beta-oxidation continues until the fatty acid is completely broken down into dicarboxylic acids. These dicarboxylic acids can then be further metabolized by beta-oxidation in the mitochondria. Omega-oxidation is a less efficient process than beta-oxidation because it requires more steps and uses more energy. However, it is important for the catabolism of fatty acids that cannot be broken down by beta-oxidation, such as branched-chain fatty acids. Additionally, ω-oxidation plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and environmental toxins. '
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Proteins (4)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Cytochrome P450 4F2A cytochrome P450 4F2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P78329]Homo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NADAn all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P40394]Homo sapiens (human)
Alcohol dehydrogenase class-3An alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P11766]Homo sapiens (human)
All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4An all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P08319]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (11)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
tetramethylene sulfoxidetetrahydrothiophenes
17-octadecynoic acidoctadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.acetylenic fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
monounsaturated fatty acid;
terminal acetylenic compound
EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
ketoconazole1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
isovaleramideisovaleramide: inhibits liver alcohol dehydrogenases
n-cyclohexylformamidealicyclic compound;
formamides
mouse metabolite
tranylcypromine(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.

tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).

Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)
2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
proadifen hydrochloride
pirlindolepirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812carbazoles
n-benzylformamideformamides
n6022N6022: inhibits S-nitrosoglutathione reductase; structure in first source
kaf156ganaplacide: antimalarial