Auto-PEEP

Non-therapeutic positive end-expiratory pressure occurring frequently in patients with severe airway obstruction. It can appear with or without the administration of external positive end-expiratory pressure (POSITIVE-PRESSURE RESPIRATION). It presents an important load on the inspiratory muscles which are operating at a mechanical disadvantage due to hyperinflation. Auto-PEEP may cause profound hypotension that should be treated by intravascular volume expansion, increasing the time for expiration, and/or changing from assist mode to intermittent mandatory ventilation mode. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1127)

Synonym
PEEP, Occult
PEEP, Intrinsic
Auto-PEEP
Nontherapeutic Positive-Pressure Respiration
AutoPEEP
Respiration, Nontherapeutic Positive-Pressure
Respiration, Non-Therapeutic Positive-Pressure
Non-Therapeutic Positive-Pressure Respiration
Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic
Positive-Pressure Respiration, Non-Therapeutic
Positive-Pressure Respiration, Nontherapeutic
Positive-Pressure Respiration, Occult

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	23.3326
1990's	14 (36.84)	12.5806
2000's	12 (31.58)	18.1394
2010's	12 (31.58)	28.8240
2020's	0 (0.00)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
lactic acid	low	1	0
hydrogen carbonate	low	1	0
histamine	low	1	0
albuterol	low	2	0
diazepam	medium	1	1
furosemide	low	1	0
isoflurane	medium	1	1
ketamine	medium	1	1
phosgene	low	1	0
helium	medium	3	2
dobutamine	low	1	0
romifidine	medium	1	1
heliox	medium	3	2
oleic acid	low	1	0
eicosapentaenoic acid	medium	1	1
leukotriene b4	medium	1	1
phenylephrine hydrochloride	medium	2	2
indocyanine green	low	1	0
interleukin-8	medium	1	1

Protein Targets (325)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
glp-1 receptor, partial	4	0	0	4
thioredoxin reductase	5	0	0	5
GLS protein	4	0	0	4
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	3	0	0	3
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	4	0	0	4
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	7	0	0	7
NPYLR7B	0	0	1	1
arylsulfatase A	1	0	0	1
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	5	0	0	5
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	3	0	0	3
flap endonuclease 1	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22	3	0	0	3
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	4	0	4
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	4	0	4
Bile salt export pump	0	6	0	6
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	0	4	2	6
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	0	2	2	4
60 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor	0	0	1	1
Delta-type opioid receptor	0	0	1	1
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial	0	1	0	1
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase	0	1	0	1
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	0	0	1	3
60 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
10 kDa chaperonin	0	1	0	1
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	0	1	2	3
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	3	0	3
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid	0	1	0	1
TDP1 protein	4	0	0	4
GLI family zinc finger 3	3	0	0	3
AR protein	7	0	0	7
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	5	0	0	5
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	1	0	0	1
progesterone receptor	1	0	0	1
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	5	0	0	5
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	2	0	0	2
pregnane X nuclear receptor	2	0	0	2
G	1	0	0	1
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	5	0	0	5
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	2	0	0	2
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	4	0	0	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	1	0	0	1
Interferon beta	1	0	0	1
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	1	0	0	1
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1	0	0	0	1
Albumin	0	1	1	3
Albumin	0	0	1	1
Cellular tumor antigen p53	5	0	0	5
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4	1	1	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	0	2
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	1	1	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	2	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	2	1	3
Translocator protein	0	1	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	2	1	3
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor 2	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	2	1	3
Translocator protein	0	1	0	1
Translocator protein	0	1	0	1
Cholecystokinin receptor type A	0	1	0	1
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	2	2	4
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	0	2	0	2
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S	0	1	0	1
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	0	1	0	1
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1	0	1	0	1
GABA theta subunit	0	2	1	3
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	1	0	0	1
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	1	0	0	1
Ataxin-2	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	0	2	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	0	2	1	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	0	2	0	2
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	1	0	0	1
dopamine D1 receptor	1	0	0	1
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	3	0	0	3
Fumarate hydratase	1	0	0	1
GALC protein	3	0	0	3
EWS/FLI fusion protein	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 2D6	2	0	0	2
polyprotein	1	0	0	1
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)	1	0	0	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	2	0	0	2
activating transcription factor 6	1	0	0	1
Histone H2A.x	1	0	0	1
D(1A) dopamine receptor	1	0	0	1
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-1	0	0	2	2
chromobox protein homolog 1	4	0	0	4
huntingtin isoform 2	1	0	0	1
geminin	5	0	0	5
lamin isoform A-delta10	4	0	0	4
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	0	2	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 12	0	2	0	4
Epidermal growth factor receptor	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	3	0	5
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	3	0	6
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck	0	1	0	1
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 3	0	2	0	3
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	2	0	2
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15	0	1	0	1
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1	0	0	0	1
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	3	0	5
Carbonic anhydrase 6	0	2	0	4
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial	0	2	0	4
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 7	0	2	0	4
Spike glycoprotein	3	0	0	3
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 9	0	2	0	4
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	1	0	2
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	2	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	2	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase 14	0	2	0	4
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial	0	2	0	4
Chain A, Protein (peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor (ppar-delta))	0	1	0	1
USP1 protein, partial	3	0	0	3
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	3	0	0	3
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	2	0	0	2
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	2	0	0	2
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	2	0	0	2
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1	0	2	0	2
Trypsin	0	2	0	2
Cytochrome P450 1A2	0	1	0	1
Coagulation factor VII	0	2	0	2
Aromatase	0	2	0	2
Tissue factor	0	2	0	2
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha	0	1	0	1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	0	0	1	1
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	0	2	0	2
Oxoeicosanoid receptor 1	0	1	0	1
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	5	0	0	5
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	4	0	0	4
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	2	0	0	2
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	2	0	0	2
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	0	1	0	1
Bile salt export pump	0	1	0	1
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2C9	0	1	0	1
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1	0	1	0	1
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	0	1	0	1
Adenosine receptor A1	0	1	0	1
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1	0	1	0	1
Cytochrome P450 2J2	0	1	0	1
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating	0	1	0	1
Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase	0	1	0	1
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1	0	1	0	1
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter	0	1	0	1
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 13	0	1	0	3
G-protein coupled receptor 35	0	1	1	2
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1	0	2	0	2
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II	0	0	1	1
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	3	0	0	3
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)	0	0	1	1
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	1	0	0	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	0	0	0	1
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1	1	0	0	1
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	1	0	0	1
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	1	0	0	1
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3	0	0	0	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	1	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 3	0	1	0	2
Plasma kallikrein	0	0	0	1
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor	0	2	0	2
Histamine H2 receptor	0	1	2	3
Adenosine receptor A1	0	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D	0	0	0	1
Adenosine receptor A2a	0	0	0	1
Histamine H1 receptor	0	1	2	3
Histamine H1 receptor	0	2	1	3
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5	0	1	1	2
Histamine H1 receptor	0	2	2	4
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	2	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	2
Histamine H2 receptor	0	0	1	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Histamine H3 receptor	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	2	0	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	2	0	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	2	0	3
Histamine N-methyltransferase	0	1	0	1
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative	0	0	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	2	0	3
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	2
Carbonic anhydrase	0	0	0	2
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4	0	0	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	2	0	3
Histamine H4 receptor	0	1	2	3
Histamine H4 receptor	0	1	2	3
Histamine H4 receptor	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	0	0	1
Histamine H4 receptor	0	1	2	3
Histamine H3 receptor	0	1	0	1
Carboxylic ester hydrolase	0	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	0	1	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	2	0	3
Histamine H3 receptor	0	1	2	3
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2	0	1	0	1
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	1	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	1	0	1
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	2	0	0	2
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Cholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	1	0	1
acetylcholinesterase	1	0	0	1
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	1	0	0	1
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	1	0	0	1
Integrin beta-3	1	0	0	1
Integrin alpha-IIb	1	0	0	1
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1	0	2	0	2
Leukotriene B4 receptor 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, Adipocyte Lipid-binding Protein	0	0	1	1
Chain A, SERUM ALBUMIN	0	0	1	1
Chain A, SERUM ALBUMIN	0	0	1	1
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN	0	0	1	1
Chain A, HADH2 protein	1	0	0	1
Chain B, HADH2 protein	1	0	0	1
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	1	0	0	1
Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A1	0	0	1	1
Luciferase	1	0	0	1
putative potassium channel subunit	0	0	1	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	1	0	0	1
ATAD5 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
Microtubule-associated protein tau	1	0	0	1
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a	1	0	0	1
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	2	0	0	2
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	1	0	0	1
heat shock protein beta-1	1	0	0	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1	1	0	0	1
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	1	0	0	1
bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 1	0	0	1	1
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1	0	1	0	1
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	0	1	0	1
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver	0	0	1	1
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-1	0	1	0	1
DNA topoisomerase 1	0	1	0	1
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte	0	2	0	2
Protein kinase C alpha type	0	0	0	1
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	0	1	0	1
Sterol O-acyltransferase 1	0	1	0	1
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	0	0	1	1
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	1	0	0	1
Fatty acid-binding protein 5	0	1	0	1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	0	0	0	1
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha	1	0	1	2
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4	1	0	0	1
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2	0	1	0	1
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	1	0	0	1
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	1	0	0	1
IDH1	1	0	0	1
beta-2 adrenergic receptor	1	0	0	1
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein	1	0	0	1
Vpr	1	0	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Synonyms(12)

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (38)

Protein Targets (325)

Auto-PEEP

Synonyms(12)

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (38)

Drugs Studied (22)

Protein Targets (325)