formocresol and Root-Resorption

The aim of the present study was to clinically and radiographically evaluate Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as an agent for pulpotomy in primary teeth and to compare it with that of Formocresol (FC) pulpotomy.. Seventy first and second primary mandibular molars of children were chosen on patients who required minimum two pulpotomies in either arch or same arch. After the standardized technique of Pulpotomy with MTA and Formocresol, all molars were treated with a thick mix of Zinc oxide Eugenol cement into the coronal pulp chamber followed by preformed stainless steel crown. The children were followed up for clinical and radio graphical examination after 6, 12 and 24 month for Pain, Swelling, Sinus/fistula, Periapical changes, Furcation radiolucency and internal resorption.. MTA represents 97% clinical success rate in comparison to Formocresol with 85% success. Radiographically also MTA showed more promising results with 88.6% success in comparison to Formocresol with 54.3%.. Thus, MTA pulpotomy has emerged as an easier line of treatment to save the premature loss of primary teeth due to caries or trauma.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Crowns; Dental Care for Children; Dental Caries; Drug Combinations; Follow-Up Studies; Formocresols; Humans; Molar; Oxides; Postoperative Complications; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; Pulpotomy; Radiography; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Resorption; Silicates; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

To compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of two vital pulpotomy agents: formocresol (FC) and Ankaferd Blood Stopper(®) (ABS), in primary molars during a 12-month follow-up period.. A randomised, single-blind study design was used in a sample of 30 healthy 6-9 year old children with 60 carious primary molars without clinical or radiographic evidence of pulp degeneration.. The pulpotomy agents were assigned as follows: Group 1 was 1:5 diluted Buckley's formocresol (FC) and Group 2 was ABS. Clinical and radiographic follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months used the following criteria: pain, swelling, sinus tract, mobility, internal root resorption, and furcation and/or periapical bone destruction.. The data were analysed using Chi-square tests.. The clinical and radiographic evaluation at 3 months revealed total success rates of 100% in the FC and ABS groups. Success rates in FC and ABS groups at 6 months were 96.7% and 93.3% respectively. At the 12-month follow-ups, the total success rates in the FC, and ABS groups were 89.3% and 85.7%, respectively. When the groups were compared according to the time intervals, no significant differences were observed between the 3, 6, and 12 month values. The success rates of the materials decreased over time.. FC and ABS were found successful as pulp dressings in primary molars. ABS appears to be an alternative pulpotomy agent but periodical follow-ups must be considered to evaluate long term success rates.

Topics: Child; Dental Amalgam; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Exposure; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Formocresols; Hemostatics; Humans; Male; Molar; Periapical Diseases; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Postoperative Complications; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; Pulpotomy; Radiography; Root Resorption; Single-Blind Method; Tooth, Deciduous; Treatment Outcome; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the premedicated direct pulp capping using formocresol (PDC) versus conventional direct pulp capping using calcium hydroxide (CDC) in human carious primary molars.. A total of 120 vital primary molars with pinpoint exposure during caries removal in 84 patients aged 4-5 years were selected. In the PDC group (n = 60), 20% Buckley's formocresol solution, and in the CDC group (n = 60), calcium hydroxide powder were applied to the exposure sites followed by placement of zinc oxide-eugenol base. Teeth were restored with preformed stainless steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic evaluations of the treatment outcomes were performed at regular intervals of 6 and 12 months, respectively, for two years post-operatively.. The prevalence of spontaneous pain, sensitivity on percussion, and fistula were significantly higher in the CDC group compared to the PDC group (P < 0.05). The number of teeth exhibiting periapical/furcal radiolucency or external/internal root resorption was also higher in the CDC group (P < 0.05). The clinical success rate of the PDC was 90% compared to the 61.7% of the CDC (P < 0.05). The radiographic success rates of the PDC and CDC groups were 85% and 53.3%, respectively (P < 0.05).. It seems formocresol premedicated direct pulp capping could safely be used as a substitute for conventional direct pulp capping.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Child, Preschool; Crowns; Dental Alloys; Dental Caries; Dental Cavity Lining; Dental Materials; Dental Pulp Capping; Dental Pulp Exposure; Follow-Up Studies; Formocresols; Humans; Molar; Oral Fistula; Percussion; Periapical Diseases; Radiography; Root Resorption; Stainless Steel; Tooth, Deciduous; Toothache; Treatment Outcome; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of 3 pulpotomy techniques: formocresol, calcium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide/iodoform.. The pulpotomies were performed by fifth-year undergraduate dental students. Members of senior staff at the clinics supervised all of the procedures. Informed consent was obtained from each child's parents. The teeth were randomly assigned to the experimental (calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide/iodoform) or control (formocresol) groups. After coronal pulp removal and hemostasis, remaining pulp tissue was covered with calcium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide/iodoform paste in the experimental groups. In the control group, formocresol was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 minutes and removed; the pulp tissue was then covered with zinc oxide-eugenol. All teeth were restored with stainless-steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups by the authors. Data were statistically analyzed using chi-squared tests.. The follow-up evaluations revealed that the clinical success rates were 89.7% for formocresol, 33.3% for calcium hydroxide, and 17.2% for calcium hydroxide/iodoform. The radiographic success rates were 89.7% for formocresol, 33.3% for calcium hydroxide, and 13.8% for calcium hydroxide/iodoform.. Formocresol was superior to calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide/iodoform pastes for primary molar pulpotomies. Internal resorption was the most common radiographic failure in all 3 pulpotomy techniques.

Topics: Calcium Hydroxide; Child; Child, Preschool; Crowns; Drug Combinations; Female; Formocresols; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; Male; Pulpotomy; Radiography; Root Resorption; Students, Dental; Treatment Outcome

Pulpotomy of primary incisors is a serious challenge due to the lack of a distinct boundary between the coronal and the radicular pulp and the inaccuracy of the clinical indication criteria. The aim of the present study is the clinical and radiographic evaluation of pulpotomy versus root canal therapy (RCT) of vital primary incisors.. A total of 100 incisors in 50 patients (female: 27, male: 23) aged 3-4 years were allocated to formocresol pulpotomy (45 teeth) and RCT (46 teeth) using zinc oxide-eugenol. The radiographic and clinical evaluation of treatment outcomes was performed at 12 and 24 months post-operatively. A history of spontaneous pain, missing restorations, recurrent caries, mobility and percussion sensitivity, parulis or fistula, erythema, and swelling were recorded. Data analysis was performed based on two sample proportional test.. The clinical success rate was 86.9% for pulpotomy and 95.6% for RCT (P > 0.05). The radiographic assessment exhibited no pathologic signs in 76.08% of pulpotomy group and 91.3% of RCT group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The most common pathologic finding was periodontal widening followed by external/internal root resorption. Periapical radiolucency and fistula in pulpotomized teeth was significantly higher than in RCT-treated teeth (P < 0.05). It may be concluded that the root canal therapy of vital primary incisors may be efficiently substituted for the pulpotomy of these teeth.

Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Fistula; Dental Pulp Exposure; Double-Blind Method; Female; Formocresols; Humans; Incisor; Male; Periapical Periodontitis; Pulpotomy; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Canal Therapy; Root Resorption; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

To compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and formocresol (FC) as pulp dressing agents in carious primary teeth.. Forty-five primary mandibular molars with dental caries in 23 children [AUTHOR QUERY: How many children?] between 5 and 9 years old were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique. The teeth were randomly assigned to the experimental (CH or MTA) or control (FC) groups. After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis, remaining pulp tissue was covered with MTA paste or CH powder in the experimental groups. In the control group, diluted FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and removed; the pulp tissue was then covered with zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) paste. All teeth were restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement. Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 month follow-up.. Forty-three teeth were available for follow-up. In the FC and MTA groups, 100% of the available teeth were clinically and radiographically successful at all follow-up appointments; dentine bridge formation could be detected in 29% of the teeth treated with MTA. In the CH group, 64% of the teeth presented clinical and radiographic failures detected throughout the follow-up period, and internal resorption was a frequent radiographic finding.. Mineral trioxide aggregate was superior to CH and equally as effective as FC as a pulpotomy dressing in primary mandibular molars. Internal resorption was the most common radiographic finding up to 24 month after pulpotomies performed with CH.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Pulp; Dentin, Secondary; Drug Combinations; Female; Formocresols; Humans; Male; Oxides; Pulpotomy; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Resorption; Silicates; Tooth, Deciduous

To compare the outcome after 6 months of the application of formocresol (FC) or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) during pulpotomy in primary molar teeth.. A maximum of 126 children (aged 5-9 years) with carious primary teeth that required pulpotomy were selected. Following randomization, a standard pulpotomy preparation was undertaken, and the coronal pulp removed and bleeding arrested. In the FC group, cotton balls, soaked in FC, were placed for 5 min, and then the pulp chamber was filled with Zonalin, a pulpotomy agent. In the MTA group, a 1-mm-thick paste of MTA was used as a pulpotomy agent. The crowns in both groups were restored with amalgam or glass ionomer. The teeth of 100 patients were evaluated and compared clinically and radiographically after 3 and 6 months.. No signs of clinical failure were observed at the 3- and 6-month follow-up appointments in either group. There were no significant differences in the radiographic findings of the teeth and surrounding tissue at the 3-month follow-up. However, at the 6-month follow-up, significantly more cases (P = 0.036) with root resorption were seen in the FC group; no cases of resorption occurred amongst the MTA cases. The surrounding tissue showed radiographic signs of post-treatment disease in four FC cases; none was seen in the MTA cases.. After 6 months, pulpotomy with MTA was associated with fewer cases of root resorption and post-treatment disease. MTA appears to be a reliable alternative material for pulpotomy in primary molar teeth.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Child; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Formocresols; Humans; Male; Molar; Oxides; Pulpotomy; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Resorption; Silicates; Tooth, Deciduous

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a diode laser pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) sealing could be an acceptable alternative to the conventional formocresol pulpotomy and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) sealing in human primary teeth.. A randomized, single-blind, split-mouth study was used with a sample of 16 children aged from 3 to 8 years (mean age=5.10 years). A total of 26 pairs of teeth from these 16 patients were selected based on clinical and radiographic criteria. One tooth from each pair was randomly assigned to either the laser-MTA pulpotomy group or the formocresol-ZOE pulpotomy group. All teeth were followed up clinically and radiographically at 2.3, 5.2, 9.5 and 15.7 months. All extracted failures were sectioned and photographed to assess possible reasons for this.. A total of seven laser-MTA-treated teeth were deemed to be radiographic failures (mean time until failure=9.1 months) compared to three formocresol-ZOE treated teeth (mean time until failure=12.5 months). These results were not significant using Fisher's exact test (P>0.05). Six of the laser-MTA failures and all three formocresol-ZOE failures exhibited furcal and/or periapical radiolucencies with or without pathologic root resorption. One of the laser-MTA failures displayed premature root resorption and is being observed for exfoliation. Analysis of photographs of teeth available for extraction revealed errors in clinical technique in addition to expected signs of a disease process such as the presence of granulation tissue and areas of pathologic root resorption.. The laser-MTA pulpotomy showed reduced radiographic success rates compared to the formocresol-ZOE pulpotomy at 15.7 months; however, these results were not statistically significant. Improved success rates among a larger patient sample and a longer follow-up period would be required for the laser-MTA pulpotomy to be considered a routine alternative to the conventional formocresol-ZOE procedure. Meticulous restorative techniques must be followed to ensure the success of laser-MTA pulpotomies.

Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Restoration Failure; Drug Combinations; Female; Formocresols; Furcation Defects; Humans; Laser Therapy; Male; Oxides; Pulpotomy; Radiography; Root Canal Filling Materials; Root Resorption; Silicates; Single-Blind Method; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

The purpose of this study was to compare clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic effects of Nd:YAG laser pulpotomy to formocresol pulpotomy on human primary teeth. Patients with at least two vital primary molar teeth that required pulpotomy, because of pulpal exposure to caries, were selected for this study. After hemorrhage control, complete hemostasis into the canal orifice was achieved by exposure to Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) and an He-Ne laser (the aiming beam of the Nd:YAG laser) in noncontact mode at 2 W, 20 Hz, 100 mJ, or was achieved by applying 1:5 dilution of formocresol. Forty-two teeth in two groups were to be followed up clinically and radiographic at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Eighteen teeth planned for serial extractions were selected for histopathologic study. The teeth were extracted at 7 and 60 days. The teeth in the laser group had a clinical success rate of 85.71% and a radiographic success rate 71.42% at 12 months. The teeth in the formocresol group had a clinical and radiographic success rate of 90.47% at 12 months. There were no statistically significant differences between laser and formocresol group with regard to both clinical and radiographic success rates. There was a statistically significant difference between 7- and 60-day laser groups with regard to inflammatory cell response criteria. Dentin bridge was absent in all samples. No stained bacteria were observed in any of these samples. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser may be considered as an alternative to formocresol for pulpotomies in primary teeth.

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Bacteria; Child; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Exposure; Dentin, Secondary; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Formocresols; Hemostatic Techniques; Humans; Laser Therapy; Male; Molar; Neodymium; Periapical Diseases; Pulpotomy; Radiography; Root Resorption; Tooth, Deciduous; Treatment Outcome; Yttrium

Since its introduction in 1904, formocresol has become one of the most widely studied dental medicaments. In the United Kingdom, it is the preferred primary tooth pulpotomy medicament of the majority of Specialists in Paediatric Dentistry. Reports of adverse effects resulting from its clinical use are rare. This paper presents a case of premature exfoliation of primary molars that may be related to the use of formocresol in a multivisit pulpotomy technique.

Topics: Child; Formocresols; Humans; Male; Molar; Pulpotomy; Root Resorption; Tooth Exfoliation; Tooth Mobility; Tooth, Deciduous

The purpose of this study was to compare pulpal and periapical tissue reactions to electrosurgery versus formocresol pulpotomy techniques in the primary teeth of dogs. The study was conducted on 33 primary teeth of three mongrel dogs between the ages of one to three months. Each dog had three teeth treated by Formocresol Pulpotomy with Mechanical Coronal Pulp Removal (FC), three teeth treated by Electrosurgery Pulpotomy with Mechanical Coronal Pulp Removal (ES/MCPR), three teeth treated by Electrosurgery Pulpotomy with Electrosurgical Coronal Pulp Removal (ES/ECPR), and two teeth serving as untreated Controls. Dogs one, two and three were sacrificed performing the pulpotomies at two, four and six weeks, respectively. The pulp, periapical tissue and after surrounding bone were submitted to histological examination and the histological reaction was recorded. The results were fourteen out of 18 unfavorable and zero out of three favorable histological reactions occurred in the FC treated teeth. Six out of 18 unfavorable and one out of three favorable histological reactions occurred in the ES/MCPR treated teeth. Nine out of 18 unfavorable and two out of three favorable histological reactions occurred in the ES/ECPR treated teeth. One out of 18 unfavorable and zero out of three favorable histological reactions occurred in the untreated Control teeth. The conclusion of this study is that of the three experimental groups, the teeth treated by Electrosurgery Pulpotomy with either Mechanical or Electrosurgical Coronal Pulp Removal exhibited less histopathological reaction than the teeth treated by Formocresol Pulpotomy.

Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin, Secondary; Dogs; Electrosurgery; Fibrosis; Formocresols; Homeostasis; Necrosis; Periapical Abscess; Periapical Periodontitis; Periapical Tissue; Pulpotomy; Root Resorption; Tooth Crown; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Pulp Diseases; Female; Formocresols; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Observer Variation; Pulpectomy; Pulpotomy; Root Canal Obturation; Root Resorption; Tooth, Deciduous; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement

Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Formocresols; Humans; Molar; Pulpotomy; Radiography; Retrospective Studies; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Resorption; Tooth, Deciduous; Treatment Outcome