Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Ranula

A form of retention cyst of the floor of the mouth, usually due to obstruction of the ducts of the submaxillary or sublingual glands, presenting a slowly enlarging painless deep burrowing mucocele of one side of the mouth. It is also called sublingual cyst and sublingual ptyalocele.

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Ranula

Research Excerpts

Overview

Excerpt	Reference
"Plunging ranula is one of the diseases which need to be distinguished from lymphangioma, though operation is the first choice therapy for both of these."	( Ikarashi, T; Inamura, K; Kimura, Y, 1994)
"A cervical ranula is an extension of a pseudocyst of the glandula sublingualis."	( Balm, AJ; Geurts, TW; van den Akker, HP, 2004)
"A ranula is an extravasational cyst arising from the sublingual gland."	( Anakwa, K; Rosenberg, D; Zola, M, 2006)
"Ranulas are mucoceles that develop as a result of mucous extravasation from the sublingual gland and typically present in the floor of mouth."	( Yang, C; Yang, XJ; Zhang, SY; Zheng, JW; Zhou, Q, 2010)
"Ranula is extravasation mucocele arising from the sublingual gland, influencing the swallowing or eating; this review focuses on the most recent literature pertaining to pediatric ranulas and aims to comprehensively describe the methods of diagnosis and management approaches."	( Gao, L; Ren, W; Zhi, K, 2014)
"A ranula is a pseudocyst caused by mucous extravasation from the sublingual gland."	( Abukawa, H; Chikazu, D; Hasegawa, O; Kono, M; Satomi, T; Watanabe, M, 2017)
"Ranulas are salivary pseudocysts in the floor of the mouth adjacent to damaged salivary glands."	( Brannan, ZJ; Lubeley, LJ; Murakami, JW; Sutphen, SA, 2019)
"Ranula is a rare benign cystic lesion in the floor of the mouth, which can herniate through the mylohyoid muscle and become a plunging ranula."	( Marklund, L; Munck-Wikland, E; Papatziamos, G; Wendt, M, 2021)

Context

Excerpt	Reference
"Ranulas have been managed by various surgical methods, and the optimal treatment is still controversial."	( Cafiero, C; Castiglia, A; Dall'Oca, S; Farronato, G; Fenini, E; Lucchina, AG; Marenzi, G; Mortellaro, C; Sammartino, G; Trosino, O, 2008)

Treatment

Excerpt	Reference
"To review our experience with the treatment of ranulas, we performed a retrospective study of 38 patients who had undergone hydrodissection for ranula removal between January 1996 and December 2002 at our academic tertiary care hospital."	( Choi, TW; Oh, CK, 2003)
"To assess the efficacy of treatment of a ranula in children by intralesional injection of OK-432."	( Chae, SW; Hwang, SJ; Jung, KY; Kang, HJ; Lee, HM; Lim, HW; Woo, JS, 2006)

Research

Studies (47)

Timeframe	Studies, This Condition (%)	All Conditions %
pre-1990	11 (23.40)	23.3326
1990's	3 (6.38)	12.5806
2000's	15 (31.91)	18.1394
2010's	13 (27.66)	28.8240
2020's	5 (10.64)	9.53

Drug	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
chlorine	low	2	0
glycine	low	1	0
nickel	low	1	0
guaifenesin	low	4	0
lidocaine	low	1	0
apnea	low	1	0
promethazine	low	1	0
serine	low	1	0
methylene blue	low	1	0
iodoform	low	1	0
trichloroacetic acid	low	1	0
thiazoles	low	1	0
copper gluconate	low	1	0
povidone-iodine	low	1	0
inositol 3-phosphate	low	1	0
dactinomycin	low	1	0
picibanil	medium	17	2
thiouracil	low	1	0
bismuth	low	2	0
bleomycetin	low	1	0

Protein Targets (286)

Protein	Potency Measurements	Inhibition Measurements	Activation Measurements	Drugs
thioredoxin reductase	3	0	0	3
ATAD5 protein, partial	2	0	0	2
TDP1 protein	6	0	0	6
Microtubule-associated protein tau	4	0	0	4
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	6	0	0	6
arylsulfatase A	1	0	0	1
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2	6	0	0	6
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1	3	0	0	3
D(1A) dopamine receptor	2	0	0	2
lamin isoform A-delta10	3	0	0	3
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A	2	0	0	2
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	6	0	0	6
AR protein	8	0	0	8
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	6	0	0	6
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	6	0	0	6
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	6	0	0	6
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	2	0	0	2
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	6	0	0	6
Cellular tumor antigen p53	4	0	0	4
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma	3	0	0	3
Carbonic anhydrase 1	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 2	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 4	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase	0	1	0	1
Carbonic anhydrase 15	0	1	0	1
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	3	0	0	3
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	3	0	0	3
Chain A, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
Chain B, HADH2 protein	2	0	0	2
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	2	0	0	2
Chain A, Ferritin light chain	2	0	0	2
Chain A, Cruzipain	1	0	0	1
interleukin 8	1	0	0	1
15-lipoxygenase, partial	2	0	0	2
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	2	0	0	2
USP1 protein, partial	1	0	0	1
GLI family zinc finger 3	5	0	0	5
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease	3	0	0	3
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)	1	0	0	1
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	3	0	0	3
progesterone receptor	3	0	0	3
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	5	0	0	5
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	3	0	0	3
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha	5	0	0	5
farnesoid X nuclear receptor	4	0	0	4
pregnane X nuclear receptor	4	0	0	4
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	6	0	0	6
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta	2	0	0	2
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	3	0	0	3
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	2	0	0	2
caspase-3	3	0	0	3
RAD51	0	1	0	1
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	4	0	0	4
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	3	0	0	3
activating transcription factor 6	2	0	0	2
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	4	0	0	4
Histone H2A.x	2	0	0	2
Caspase-7	1	0	0	1
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA	3	0	0	3
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a	2	0	0	2
caspase-3	1	0	0	1
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	3	0	0	3
huntingtin isoform 2	3	0	0	3
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor	2	0	0	2
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1	1	0	0	1
peripheral myelin protein 22	2	0	0	2
survival motor neuron protein isoform d	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	2	0	0	2
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor	1	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	2	0	0	2
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	3	0	0	3
Interferon beta	3	0	0	3
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1	0	0	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	2	0	0	2
Glutamate receptor 2	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	2	0	0	2
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 1	0	1	0	1
Caspase-7	1	0	0	1
Spike glycoprotein	3	1	1	5
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	2	0	0	2
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2	0	1	0	1
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	2	0	0	2
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	2	0	0	2
Pantothenate synthetase	0	1	0	1
Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2	0	1	0	1
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2	0	1	0	1
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH	0	1	0	1
GABA theta subunit	2	0	0	2
Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase	0	0	1	1
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	2	0	0	2
Ataxin-2	3	0	0	3
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	2	0	0	2
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	0	0	1	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2	0	1	0	1
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1	0	2	1	3
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B	0	2	1	3
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C	0	2	1	3
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1	0	1	0	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D	0	2	1	3
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	0	2	0	2
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B	0	2	1	3
Serine racemase	0	1	0	1
Olfactory receptor 51E2	0	0	1	1
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A	0	2	1	3
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2	0	1	0	1
SMAD family member 2	2	0	0	2
SMAD family member 3	2	0	0	2
flap endonuclease 1	3	0	0	3
geminin	3	0	0	3
Bile salt export pump	0	3	0	3
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	1	0	0	1
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	2	0	0	2
Luciferase	2	0	0	2
phosphopantetheinyl transferase	5	0	0	5
hypothetical protein, conserved	2	0	0	2
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	1	0	0	1
lethal factor (plasmid)	2	0	0	2
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B	1	0	0	1
Histamine H2 receptor	1	0	0	1
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	3	0	0	3
Chain A, Beta-lactamase	1	0	0	1
GLS protein	2	0	0	2
IDH1	2	0	0	2
chromobox protein homolog 1	3	0	0	3
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	2	0	0	2
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	2	0	0	2
Potassium channel subfamily K member 3	0	1	0	1
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3	0	2	0	2
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4	0	2	0	2
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2	0	1	0	1
Potassium channel subfamily K member 18	0	1	0	1
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1	0	2	0	2
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1	0	1	0	1
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha	0	1	0	1
Chain E, Fibrin beta chain	0	1	0	1
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	1	0	0	1
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	2	0	0	2
T cell receptor, partial	1	0	0	1
acetylcholinesterase	3	0	0	3
luteinizing hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
glp-1 receptor, partial	2	0	0	2
integrase, partial	0	1	0	1
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog	1	0	0	1
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p75	0	1	0	1
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase	0	0	0	1
Fumarate hydratase	1	0	0	1
PPM1D protein	1	0	0	1
TSHR protein	1	0	0	1
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1	0	1	0	1
thioredoxin glutathione reductase	1	0	0	1
Smad3	1	0	0	1
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial	1	0	0	1
G	2	0	0	2
cytochrome P450 2D6	3	0	0	3
polyprotein	1	0	0	1
luciferase	1	0	0	1
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B	1	0	0	1
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	2	0	0	2
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a	1	0	0	1
neutrophil cytosol factor 1	0	1	0	1
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2	1	0	0	1
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	1	0	0	1
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursor	0	1	0	1
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 3	1	0	0	1
heat shock protein beta-1	1	0	0	1
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase beta	1	0	0	1
caspase-3 isoform a preproprotein	0	1	0	1
protein AF-9 isoform a	0	0	0	1
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase eta isoform 1	1	0	0	1
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)	1	0	0	1
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor	1	0	0	1
plasminogen precursor	1	0	0	1
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor	1	0	0	1
Vpr	1	0	0	1
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1	1	0	0	1
replicative DNA helicase	0	0	0	1
recombinase A	0	0	1	1
POsterior Segregation	0	0	1	1
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a	0	0	0	1
Glutathione reductase	0	1	0	1
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial	0	1	0	2
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain	1	0	0	1
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain	2	0	0	2
Albumin	0	0	0	1
Amyloid-beta precursor protein	0	1	0	1
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	0	1	0	2
Microtubule-associated protein tau	0	1	1	2
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	0	1	0	1
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter	0	2	1	3
Cruzipain	0	1	0	1
Alpha-synuclein	1	0	0	1
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	0	1	0	1
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G	1	0	0	1
Inositol monophosphatase 1	2	0	0	2
TAR DNA-binding protein 43	1	0	0	1
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic	0	1	0	2
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase	0	1	0	2
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1	2	0	0	2
Zinc finger protein mex-5	0	0	1	1
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial	2	0	0	2
phosphoglycerate kinase	1	0	0	1
regulator of G-protein signaling 4	1	0	0	1
glucocerebrosidase	1	0	0	1
Snq2p	0	0	0	1
Spike glycoprotein	0	1	1	2
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	1	2
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	1	0	0	1
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1	1	0	0	1
M-phase phosphoprotein 8	1	0	0	1
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	0	1	0	1
Transmembrane protease serine 2	0	1	1	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4	0	2	0	2
Major prion protein	0	0	1	1
Procathepsin L	0	1	1	2
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Replicase polyprotein 1a	0	1	1	2
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	1	2
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	1	2
Calmodulin-1	0	1	0	1
Replicase polyprotein 1ab	0	1	1	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1	0	2	0	2
D(2) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	0	2	0	2
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3	0	2	0	2
D(1A) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
Histamine H2 receptor	0	2	0	2
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B	0	2	0	2
Trypanothione reductase	0	2	0	2
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter	0	2	0	2
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs	0	1	0	2
Histamine H1 receptor	0	2	0	2
D(3) dopamine receptor	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	0	2	0	2
D(1A) dopamine receptor	1	0	0	1
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6	0	2	0	2
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	0	1	0	1
Calmodulin	0	0	1	1
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B	0	1	0	1
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	0	2	0	2
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	0	1	1	2
Chloroquine resistance transporter	0	1	0	1
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	1	0	0	1
Acetylcholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Pyruvate kinase PKM	0	0	1	1
Neutral amino acid transporter A	0	1	0	1
Cholinesterase	0	1	0	1
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	0	1	0	1
Amino acid transporter	0	1	0	1
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a	2	0	0	2
Taste receptor type 2 member 38	0	0	1	2
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	1	0	0	1
Integrin beta-3	1	0	0	1
Integrin alpha-IIb	1	0	0	1
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

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