Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Ranula

A form of retention cyst of the floor of the mouth, usually due to obstruction of the ducts of the submaxillary or sublingual glands, presenting a slowly enlarging painless deep burrowing mucocele of one side of the mouth. It is also called sublingual cyst and sublingual ptyalocele.

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Ranula

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Plunging ranula is one of the diseases which need to be distinguished from lymphangioma, though operation is the first choice therapy for both of these."( Ikarashi, T; Inamura, K; Kimura, Y, 1994)
"A cervical ranula is an extension of a pseudocyst of the glandula sublingualis."( Balm, AJ; Geurts, TW; van den Akker, HP, 2004)
"A ranula is an extravasational cyst arising from the sublingual gland."( Anakwa, K; Rosenberg, D; Zola, M, 2006)
"Ranulas are mucoceles that develop as a result of mucous extravasation from the sublingual gland and typically present in the floor of mouth."( Yang, C; Yang, XJ; Zhang, SY; Zheng, JW; Zhou, Q, 2010)
"Ranula is extravasation mucocele arising from the sublingual gland, influencing the swallowing or eating; this review focuses on the most recent literature pertaining to pediatric ranulas and aims to comprehensively describe the methods of diagnosis and management approaches."( Gao, L; Ren, W; Zhi, K, 2014)
"A ranula is a pseudocyst caused by mucous extravasation from the sublingual gland."( Abukawa, H; Chikazu, D; Hasegawa, O; Kono, M; Satomi, T; Watanabe, M, 2017)
"Ranulas are salivary pseudocysts in the floor of the mouth adjacent to damaged salivary glands."( Brannan, ZJ; Lubeley, LJ; Murakami, JW; Sutphen, SA, 2019)
"Ranula is a rare benign cystic lesion in the floor of the mouth, which can herniate through the mylohyoid muscle and become a plunging ranula."( Marklund, L; Munck-Wikland, E; Papatziamos, G; Wendt, M, 2021)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Ranulas have been managed by various surgical methods, and the optimal treatment is still controversial."( Cafiero, C; Castiglia, A; Dall'Oca, S; Farronato, G; Fenini, E; Lucchina, AG; Marenzi, G; Mortellaro, C; Sammartino, G; Trosino, O, 2008)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"To review our experience with the treatment of ranulas, we performed a retrospective study of 38 patients who had undergone hydrodissection for ranula removal between January 1996 and December 2002 at our academic tertiary care hospital."( Choi, TW; Oh, CK, 2003)
"To assess the efficacy of treatment of a ranula in children by intralesional injection of OK-432."( Chae, SW; Hwang, SJ; Jung, KY; Kang, HJ; Lee, HM; Lim, HW; Woo, JS, 2006)

Research

Studies (47)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199011 (23.40)23.3326
1990's3 (6.38)12.5806
2000's15 (31.91)18.1394
2010's13 (27.66)28.8240
2020's5 (10.64)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
chlorine0low20
glycine0low10
nickel0low10
guaifenesin0low40
lidocaine0low10
apnea0low10
promethazine0low10
serine0low10
methylene blue0low10
iodoform0low10
trichloroacetic acid0low10
thiazoles0low10
copper gluconate0low10
povidone-iodine0low10
inositol 3-phosphate0low10
dactinomycin0low10
picibanil0medium172
thiouracil0low10
bismuth0low20
bleomycetin0low10

Protein Targets (286)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
thioredoxin reductase3003
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
TDP1 protein6006
Microtubule-associated protein tau4004
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha6006
arylsulfatase A1001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 26006
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 13003
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
lamin isoform A-delta103003
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A2002
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma6006
AR protein8008
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A16006
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 36006
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 16006
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 16006
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma3003
Carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 150101
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase3003
Chain A, HADH2 protein2002
Chain B, HADH2 protein2002
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
interleukin 81001
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit2002
USP1 protein, partial1001
GLI family zinc finger 35005
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease3003
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
progesterone receptor3003
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 45005
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]3003
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha5005
farnesoid X nuclear receptor4004
pregnane X nuclear receptor4004
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha6006
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta2002
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma3003
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor2002
caspase-33003
RAD510101
aryl hydrocarbon receptor4004
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a3003
activating transcription factor 62002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
Histone H2A.x2002
Caspase-71001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a2002
caspase-31001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 23003
huntingtin isoform 23003
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 11001
peripheral myelin protein 222002
survival motor neuron protein isoform d2002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2002
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit3003
Interferon beta3003
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22002
Glutamate receptor 23003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62002
Dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit 10101
Caspase-71001
Spike glycoprotein3115
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12002
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22002
Pantothenate synthetase0101
Discoidin domain-containing receptor 20101
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 0101
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0101
GABA theta subunit2002
Peptide-N(4)-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl)asparagine amidase0011
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Ataxin-23003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2002
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0213
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0213
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0213
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0213
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0213
Serine racemase0101
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0213
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 20101
SMAD family member 22002
SMAD family member 32002
flap endonuclease 13003
geminin3003
Bile salt export pump0303
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Luciferase2002
phosphopantetheinyl transferase5005
hypothetical protein, conserved2002
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 11001
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Histamine H2 receptor1001
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase3003
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
GLS protein2002
IDH12002
chromobox protein homolog 13003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40202
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10202
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Chain E, Fibrin beta chain0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase2002
T cell receptor, partial1001
acetylcholinesterase3003
luteinizing hormone receptor1001
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
integrase, partial0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase0001
Fumarate hydratase1001
PPM1D protein1001
TSHR protein1001
Apoptotic peptidase activating factor 10101
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
Smad31001
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial1001
G2002
cytochrome P450 2D63003
polyprotein1001
luciferase1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a1001
neutrophil cytosol factor 10101
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
caspase-9 isoform alpha precursor0101
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
heat shock protein beta-11001
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
DNA polymerase beta1001
caspase-3 isoform a preproprotein0101
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 11001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)1001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
Vpr1001
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
POsterior Segregation0011
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Glutathione reductase0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0102
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain1001
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 2002
Albumin0001
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0102
Microtubule-associated protein tau0112
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0213
Cruzipain0101
Alpha-synuclein1001
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
Inositol monophosphatase 12002
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0102
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 0102
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 12002
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial2002
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 41001
glucocerebrosidase1001
Snq2p0001
Spike glycoprotein0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0101
Transmembrane protease serine 20112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Major prion protein0011
Procathepsin L0112
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Replicase polyprotein 1a0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Calmodulin-10101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
Trypanothione reductase0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs0102
Histamine H1 receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Calmodulin 0011
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0112
Chloroquine resistance transporter0101
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Pyruvate kinase PKM0011
Neutral amino acid transporter A0101
Cholinesterase0101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0101
Amino acid transporter0101
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a2002
Taste receptor type 2 member 380012
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]