Page last updated: 2024-10-15

abarelix

Description

abarelix: RN & structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

abarelix : A polypeptide compound composed of ten natural and non-natural amino acid resiudes in a linear sequence. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID16131215
CHEMBL ID1252
CHEBI ID337298
SCHEMBL ID9533
SCHEMBL ID19712245
MeSH IDM0412551

Synonyms (49)

Synonym
gtpl1188
abarelix-depot-m
abarelix
r-3827
ppi-149
plenaxis
D02738
plenaxis (tn)
183552-38-7
abarelix (usan/inn)
DB00106
ppi 149
n-acetyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-d-alanyl-4-chloro-d-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-d-alanyl-l-seryl-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl-d-asparginyl-l-leucyl-n6-isopropyl-l-lysyl-l-prolyl-d-alaninamide
n-acetyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-d-alanyl-4-chloro-d-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-d-alanyl-l-seryl-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl-d-asparaginyl-l-leucyl-n(sup 6)-isopropyl-l-lysyl-l-prolyl-d-alaninamide
r 3827
plenaxis depot
d-alaninamide, n-acetyl-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-d-alanyl-4-chloro-d-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridinyl)-d-alanyl-l-seryl-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl-d-asparaginyl-l-leucyl-n6-(1-methylethyl)-l-lysyl-l-prolyl- 10
R382 ,
r-382
CHEMBL1252 ,
R3827 ,
ac-d-nal-[d-(pcl)phe]-d-pal-ser-[nalpha-me-tyr]-d-asn-leu-ilys-pro-dala-nh2
bdbm50102442
chebi:337298 ,
n-acetyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-d-alanyl-4-chloro-d-phenylalanyl-3-(pyridin-3-yl)-d-alanyl-l-seryl-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl-d-asparginyl-l-leucyl-n(6)-isopropyl-l-lysyl-l-prolyl-d-alaninamide
abarelix [usan:inn]
w486sj5824 ,
unii-w486sj5824
SCHEMBL9533
d-alaninamide, n-acetyl-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-d-alanyl-4-chloro-d-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridinyl)-d-alanyl-l-seryl-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl-d-asparaginyl-l-leucyl-n6-(1-methylethyl)-l-lysyl-l-prolyl-10
DTXSID20171443 ,
HY-13534
AIWRTTMUVOZGPW-HSPKUQOVSA-N
CS-5873
n-acetyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-d-alanyl-4-chloro-d-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-d-alanyl-l-seryl-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl-d-asparagyl-l-leucyl-n6-isopropyl-l-lysyl-l-prolyl-d-alaninamide
SCHEMBL19712245
Q305555
d-alaninamide, n-acetyl-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-d-alanyl-4-chloro-d-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridinyl)-d-alanyl-l-seryl-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl-d-asparaginyl-l-leucyl-n6-(1-methylethyl)-l-lysyl-l-prolyl-
AT36700
MS-32159
ppi 149r3827
ppi149
EN300-20605823
r3827;ppi 149
abarelixum
n-acetyl-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-d-alanyl-4-chloro-d-phenylalanyl-3-(3-pyridinyl)-d-alanyl-l-seryl-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl-d-asparaginyl-l-leucyl-n(6)-(1-methylethyl)-l-lysyl-l-prolyl-d-alaninamide
dtxcid4093934
l02xb01
AKOS040732360

Research Excerpts

Overview

Abarelix (PPI-149) is a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor antagonist. It is under development by Praecis, Amgen and Sanofi-Synthelabo for the potential treatment of prostate cancer, breast cancer and hormone-related disorders.

ExcerptReference
"Abarelix (PPI-149) is a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor antagonist under development by Praecis, Amgen and Sanofi-Synthelabo for the potential treatment of prostate cancer, breast cancer and hormone-related disorders [285672,328910]. "( Technology evaluation: Abarelix, Praecis pharmaceuticals.
Doehn, C; Jocham, D, 2000
)

Treatment

Treatment with abarelix in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer after orchiectomy results in marked reduction in circulating FSH. Treatment produced a higher percentage of patients who avoided a testosterone surge and a more rapid time to testosterone suppression.

ExcerptReference
"Treatment with abarelix in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer after orchiectomy results in marked reduction in circulating FSH. "( Targeting FSH in androgen-independent prostate cancer: abarelix for prostate cancer progressing after orchiectomy.
Beer, TM; Eilers, KM; Garzotto, M; Lemmon, D; Wersinger, EM, 2004
)
"Treatment with abarelix produced a higher percentage of patients who avoided a testosterone surge and had a more rapid time to testosterone suppression with a higher rate of medical castration 1 day after treatment and greater reductions in testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and dihydrotestosterone during the first 2 weeks of treatment compared with leuprolide acetate. "( A phase 3, multicenter, open-label, randomized study of abarelix versus leuprolide acetate in men with prostate cancer.
Campion, M; Fotheringham, N; Garnick, MB; Gleason, D; McLeod, D; Tomera, K; Zinner, N, 2001
)

Pharmacokinetics

Abarelix concentrations peaked with the median observed time to reach peak concentration at approximately 28 days. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and the pharmacologic activities of abarelix were measured.

ExcerptReference
"Our objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of abarelix after continuous subcutaneous infusion of 50 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) in patients with prostate cancer and to identify a plasma concentration of abarelix that may provide a sustained pharmacodynamic effect."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abarelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, after subcutaneous continuous infusion in patients with prostate cancer.
Baughman, SA; Garnick, MB; Lau, DT; Menchaca, D; Wong, SL, 2003
)
" The pharmacokinetic characteristics and the pharmacologic activities of abarelix on testosterone, prostate-specific antigen, dihydrotestosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone during and after treatment with abarelix were measured."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abarelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, after subcutaneous continuous infusion in patients with prostate cancer.
Baughman, SA; Garnick, MB; Lau, DT; Menchaca, D; Wong, SL, 2003
)
"After a continuous subcutaneous infusion of 50 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1), abarelix concentrations peaked with the median observed time to reach peak concentration at approximately 28 days."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abarelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, after subcutaneous continuous infusion in patients with prostate cancer.
Baughman, SA; Garnick, MB; Lau, DT; Menchaca, D; Wong, SL, 2003
)

Dosage Studied

ExcerptReference
" All patients were treated at a dosage of 50 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for at least 28 days (4 weeks)."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abarelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, after subcutaneous continuous infusion in patients with prostate cancer.
Baughman, SA; Garnick, MB; Lau, DT; Menchaca, D; Wong, SL, 2003
)
"8%, respectively, were achieved by study day 15 (14 days after dosing started), and inhibition continued to be maintained until the last dosing day."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of abarelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, after subcutaneous continuous infusion in patients with prostate cancer.
Baughman, SA; Garnick, MB; Lau, DT; Menchaca, D; Wong, SL, 2003
)
" Consequently, we evaluated the safety of more frequent (biweekly) dosing of abarelix and characterized the effect of this dosing schedule on serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels in men with prostate cancer that is progressing despite luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist therapy."( Dose-escalated abarelix in androgen-independent prostate cancer: a phase I study.
Beer, TM; Bhat, G; Garnick, M; Ryan, C, 2006
)
" The main disadvantage of degarelix compared to the LHRH agonists is the monthly dosing and the inconvenience for some patients and practices."( Utility of LHRH antagonists for advanced prostate cancer.
Moul, JW, 2014
)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
hormone antagonistA chemical substance which inhibits the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
antineoplastic agentA substance that inhibits or prevents the proliferation of neoplasms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
polypeptideA peptide containing ten or more amino acid residues.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00350.00010.12895.2000AID74279
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.00080.00010.00090.0025AID74429
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
gonadotropin secretionGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gonadotropin-releasing hormoneGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hormone stimulusGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (2)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
peptide bindingGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activityGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (2)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGonadotropin-releasing hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (4)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID74279Antagonism of human GnHR receptor, determined in a reporter gene assay in HEK293 cells2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 44, Issue:3
GnRH antagonists: a new generation of long acting analogues incorporating p-ureido-phenylalanines at positions 5 and 6.
AID74429Competitive antagonism of GnRH-induced response in the reporter gene assay2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 44, Issue:3
GnRH antagonists: a new generation of long acting analogues incorporating p-ureido-phenylalanines at positions 5 and 6.
AID104503Compound was tested for inhibition of Leutenizing hormone release at 24 hours (very short duration) in castrated male rat assay2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 44, Issue:3
GnRH antagonists: a new generation of long acting analogues incorporating p-ureido-phenylalanines at positions 5 and 6.
AID1346002Human GnRH1 receptor (Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors)2007Endocrinology, Feb, Volume: 148, Issue:2
Pharmacological characterization of a novel nonpeptide antagonist of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, NBI-42902.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (39)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's31 (79.49)29.6817
2010's7 (17.95)24.3611
2020's1 (2.56)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials9 (22.50%)5.53%
Reviews16 (40.00%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (2.50%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other14 (35.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Phase III Study of the Comparison of Abarelix Versus Goserelin Plus Bicalutamide in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Prostate Cancer. A One Year Randomised, Open Label, Multi-Centre Phase III Trial.[NCT00841113]Phase 3177 participants (Actual)Interventional1999-01-31Completed
Incidence of Immediate Onset Systemic Allergic Reactions in Patients Treated With Plenaxis®[NCT00103623]Phase 42,000 participants Interventional2004-06-30Suspended
Phase 2 Study of Abarelix in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer Progressing After Agonist Therapy[NCT00100243]Phase 222 participants Interventional2004-05-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]