Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Voyeurism

A paraphilia characterized by repetitive looking at unsuspecting people, usually strangers, who are either naked, in the act of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as the method for achieving sexual excitement.

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Voyeurism

Research

Studies (6)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19902 (33.33)23.3326
1990's3 (50.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's1 (16.67)28.8240
2020's0 (0.00)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
valproic acid0low10
fluoxetine0low20
medroxyprogesterone acetate0low20
medroxyprogesterone0low20
paroxetine0low10

Protein Targets (248)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
thioredoxin reductase1001
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma4004
TDP1 protein4004
GLI family zinc finger 34004
AR protein4004
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)2002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 35005
progesterone receptor4004
regulator of G-protein signaling 41001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 43003
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 14004
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha2002
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha4004
pregnane X nuclear receptor3003
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha5005
G4004
cytochrome P450 2D62002
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta2002
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma4004
caspase-31001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 23003
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a5005
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a4004
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)3003
Histone H2A.x1001
Caspase-71001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor2002
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
chromobox protein homolog 13003
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d2002
caspase-31001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 24004
huntingtin isoform 21001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor2002
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 15005
geminin2002
peripheral myelin protein 221001
lamin isoform A-delta103003
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40202
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit2002
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Bile salt export pump0303
Interferon beta4004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 4004
Albumin0011
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10505
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Cytochrome P450 3A40101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50404
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Cytochrome P450 2D60303
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10404
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0404
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Glutamate receptor 22002
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30404
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0426
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0404
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 10101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0437
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0415
Cytochrome P450 2C190202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Spike glycoprotein4004
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor 0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0426
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0202
Transporter0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0404
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 14004
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10202
Ataxin-23003
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Transporter0303
Histamine H3 receptor0101
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial4004
Chain A, Beta-lactamase2002
SMAD family member 22002
GALC protein1001
SMAD family member 32002
Microtubule-associated protein tau1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
PINK12002
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]4004
Parkin2002
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor2002
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Glucocorticoid receptor0415
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10404
Androgen receptor0404
Glycine receptor subunit beta0404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20404
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30404
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE1001
Chain A, Cruzipain1001
interleukin 81001
pregnane X receptor2002
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A11001
nonstructural protein 11001
farnesoid X nuclear receptor2002
IDH11001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)1001
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 11001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi1001
Estrogen receptor0112
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Progesterone receptor0213
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0101
Androgen receptor0224
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-21001
Androgen receptor0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-51001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-31001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-21001
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-41001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-31001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-61001
Alpha-synuclein1001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-31001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-21001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
GABA theta subunit1001
Estrogen receptor beta0112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon1001
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
GLS protein1001
activating transcription factor 61001
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Myeloperoxidase0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0011
Quinolone resistance protein NorA0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 30101
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10112
Substance-P receptor0101
Rhodopsin kinase GRK10101
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 50101
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 50101
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Envelope glycoprotein0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Rhodopsin kinase GRK10101
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10001
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase1001
Luciferase1001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
Cocaine esterase0101
Histone deacetylase 30202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90001
Bile salt export pump0101
Cytochrome P450 2A60101
Tissue factor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70102
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Histone deacetylase 40202
Histone deacetylase 10202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
Histone deacetylase 70202
Histone deacetylase 20202
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100202
Histone deacetylase 11 0202
Histone deacetylase 80202
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
Histone deacetylase 60202
Histone deacetylase 90202
Histone deacetylase 50202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]