st 1435 profile

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	108059
CHEMBL ID	3707377
CHEBI ID	135563
SCHEMBL ID	1261001
MeSH ID	M0093226

Synonyms (48)

Synonym
AC-6844
HY-13071
st-1435
nestorone
elcometrine
19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 17-hydroxy-16-methylene-, acetate
16-methylene-17-alpha-acetoxy-19-nor-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 17-(acetyloxy)-16-methylene-
st 1435
17-hydroxy-16-methylene-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione acetate
16-methylene-17alpha-acetoxy-19-nor-4-pregnen-3,20-dione
7759-35-5
CHEBI:135563
nestoron
9amx4q13cc ,
segesterone acetate
unii-9amx4q13cc
segesterone acetate [usan]
CS-0411
17-(acetyoxy)-16- methylene -19-nonpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
segesterone acetate component of annovera
annovera component segesterone acetate
segesterone acetate [who-dd]
elcometrine [mi]
segesterone acetate [orange book]
16-methylene-17.alpha.-acetoxy-19-nor-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
CHEMBL3707377
SCHEMBL1261001
AKOS025402243
nestorone, >=97% (hplc)
D10986
segesterone acetate (usan)
nestorone (tn)
(8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17r)-17-acetyl-13-methyl-16-methylene-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl acetate
DB14583
BCP12737
Q1978481
NCGC00487114-02
segesterone-acetate
1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-cyclopent-3-enecarboxylicacid
MS-25961
DTXSID70998804
E89278
EN300-19790341
(1r,3as,3br,9ar,9bs,11as)-1-acetyl-11a-methyl-2-methylidene-7-oxo-1h,2h,3h,3ah,3bh,4h,5h,7h,8h,9h,9ah,9bh,10h,11h,11ah-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl acetate
16-methylene-17-hydroxy-19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione acetate
A914499
elcometrine;nestorone;st-1435

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of ST 1435 after single oral or intravenous administration or after long-term treatment with subdermal implants in women."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ST 1435 administered by different routes. Croxatto, HB; Heikinheimo, O; Maturana, X; Noé, G; Salvatierra, A, 1993)	0.78
" Conventional pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated."	( An initial pharmacokinetic study with a Metered Dose Transdermal Systemfor delivery of the progestogen Nestorone as a possible future contraceptive. Fraser, IS; Humberstone, AJ; Kumar, N; Kumar, S; McCrossin, L; Shaw, D; Sitruk-Ware, R; Tsong, YY; Weisberg, E, 2007)	0.34
" The apparent elimination half-life of NES after the last dose on Day 5 was 26."	( An initial pharmacokinetic study with a Metered Dose Transdermal Systemfor delivery of the progestogen Nestorone as a possible future contraceptive. Fraser, IS; Humberstone, AJ; Kumar, N; Kumar, S; McCrossin, L; Shaw, D; Sitruk-Ware, R; Tsong, YY; Weisberg, E, 2007)	0.34
"This early pharmacokinetic trial of a new transdermal steroid delivery system has demonstrated the feasibility of achieving serum levels of NES sufficient to block ovulation and potentially provide effective contraception."	( An initial pharmacokinetic study with a Metered Dose Transdermal Systemfor delivery of the progestogen Nestorone as a possible future contraceptive. Fraser, IS; Humberstone, AJ; Kumar, N; Kumar, S; McCrossin, L; Shaw, D; Sitruk-Ware, R; Tsong, YY; Weisberg, E, 2007)	0.34
" Thereafter, the concentration of drug steadily declined through 96-h postdose with a terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of 15."	( Single-dose pharmacokinetics of Nestorone, a potential female-contraceptive. Bashir, M; Kumar, N; Prasad, PV; Sitruk-Ware, R, 2010)	0.36

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"This was an open-label, randomized, crossover, drug-drug interaction study conducted over three menstrual cycles in healthy women with regular menses."	( Effects of concurrent vaginal miconazole treatment on the absorption and exposure of Nestorone® (segesterone acetate) and ethinyl estradiol delivered from a contraceptive vaginal ring: a randomized, crossover drug-drug interaction study. Alami, M; Creasy, G; Han, L; Hoskin, E; Kumar, N; Merkatz, R; Plagianos, M; Roberts, K; Simmons, KB; Variano, B, 2018)	0.48

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Since studies with this drug have shown good contraceptive efficacy and low bioavailability after oral intake, ST-1435 is a good candidate for lactational contraception."	( Milk and plasma concentrations of the progestin ST-1435 in women treated parenterally with ST-1435. Croxatto, H; Diaz, S; Lähteenmäki, P; Lähteenmäki, PL; Miranda, P, 1990)	0.28
" A peak concentration of 240 ng ST-1435/ml was found in portal plasma 75 minutes after administration, indicating that the steroid is well absorbed from the small intestine."	( Intestinal absorption of ST-1435 in rats. Lähteenmäki, PL, 1984)	0.27
"1 mg indicated that the bioavailability of ST 1435 is low."	( The progestin ST 1435--rapid metabolism in man. Haukkamaa, M; Heikinheimo, O; Lähteenmäki, P; Noe, G, 1994)	0.91
" After oral administration, the bioavailability was about 10% of the dose."	( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of ST 1435 administered by different routes. Croxatto, HB; Heikinheimo, O; Maturana, X; Noé, G; Salvatierra, A, 1993)	0.55
" This delivery system provides many advantages over oral contraceptives (OCs), including avoidance of the first-pass effect through the liver, constant serum steroid levels, longer duration of use, and greater bioavailability of the hormones."	( Contraceptive vaginal rings. Harwood, B; Mishell, DR, 2001)	0.31
" The biological actions of progestins are primarily determined by their interactions with steroid receptors, and factors such as metabolism, pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and the regulation of endogenous steroid hormone biosynthesis are often overlooked."	( Fourth-Generation Progestins Inhibit 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 and Modulate the Biosynthesis of Endogenous Steroids. Africander, D; Louw-du Toit, R; Perkins, MS; Snoep, JL; Storbeck, KH, 2016)	0.43
"Our previous studies showed that intranasal delivery of progesterone offers a good bioavailability and neuroprotective efficacy after experimental stroke."	( Sex differences in the cerebroprotection by Nestorone intranasal delivery following stroke in mice. Fréchou, M; Guennoun, R; Kumar, N; Mattern, C; Schumacher, M; Sitruk-Ware, R; Zhu, X, 2021)	0.62

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" With this dosage level, ovulation is inhibited and side effects are minimized."	( Contraception with subdermal implants releasing the progestin ST-1435: a dose-finding study. Haukkamaa, M; Heikinheimo, O; Laurikka-Routti, M; Moo-Young, A, 1992)	0.28
" Protection is ensured with a low drug dosage and no estrogen, and fertility is readily reversible once the implants are removed."	( Subdermal contraceptive implants. Croxatto, H; Diaz, S; Peralta, O, 1995)	0.29
" This study aimed to test metered spray delivery of a precise dosage of Nestorone (NES) progestogen as a possible transdermal progestogen-only contraceptive."	( An initial pharmacokinetic study with a Metered Dose Transdermal Systemfor delivery of the progestogen Nestorone as a possible future contraceptive. Fraser, IS; Humberstone, AJ; Kumar, N; Kumar, S; McCrossin, L; Shaw, D; Sitruk-Ware, R; Tsong, YY; Weisberg, E, 2007)	0.34
" Each subject was studied on two occasions with multiple blood sampling for assay of NES over a 24-h period: on the first occasion, after a single dosage of 3 x 90 microL NES sprays using a specially devised, precisely metered delivery device; on the second occasion, following the fifth in a series of five daily transdermal dosages of 3 x 90 microL of NES spray."	( An initial pharmacokinetic study with a Metered Dose Transdermal Systemfor delivery of the progestogen Nestorone as a possible future contraceptive. Fraser, IS; Humberstone, AJ; Kumar, N; Kumar, S; McCrossin, L; Shaw, D; Sitruk-Ware, R; Tsong, YY; Weisberg, E, 2007)	0.34
" The dose-response relationship of nestorone showed that the 6-h post-ischemic administration of 10 μg/kg nestorone resulted in greater reductions in infarct sizes 48 h after MCAO than the other two doses tested (5 and 80 μg/kg), and this dose of nestorone significantly decreased astrocyte activation in the peri-infarct cortical region."	( Nestorone exerts long-term neuroprotective effects against transient focal cerebral ischemia in adult male rats. Ogaeri, T; Samsonov, M; Sokabe, M; Tanaka, M, 2019)	0.51
"One hundred fifty-one women completed the study, and 82 women had complete data available for the bone marker analyses; the three dosage groups were balanced with regard to baseline characteristics."	( Bone turnover markers in women participating in a dose-finding trial of a contraceptive vaginal ring releasing Nestorone and estradiol. Blithe, DL; Cohen, A; Cremers, S; Sitruk-Ware, R; Tiedeken, M; Westhoff, CL, 2019)	0.51

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Class	Description
corticosteroid hormone	Any of a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10 (10.64)	18.7374
1990's	23 (24.47)	18.2507
2000's	26 (27.66)	29.6817
2010's	28 (29.79)	24.3611
2020's	7 (7.45)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	31 (31.96%)	5.53%
Reviews	14 (14.43%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	52 (53.61%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Clinical Evaluation of Daily Application of Nestorone® (NES) and Testosterone (T) Combination Gel for Male Contraception [NCT03452111]	Phase 2	420 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-10-25	Active, not recruiting
A Multicenter, Open-label Study on the Efficacy, Cycle Control and Safety of a Contraceptive Vaginal Ring Delivering a Daily Dose of 150µg of Nestorone® and 15µg of Ethinyl Estradiol (150/15 NES/EE CVR) [NCT00455156]	Phase 3	1,143 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-12-31	Completed
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Crossover Design Study With an Open-Label Active Control to Evaluate the Potential of Nestorone® to Delay Cardiac Repolarization in Healthy Female Volunteers: A Thorough QT/QTc Study [NCT02236026]	Phase 1	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-09-30	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Comparator Trial of the Safety and Sperm and Gonadotropin Suppression Resulting From Combined Use of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg NES) and Testosterone Gel (10 g) Compared With Testosterone Gel in Normal Men [NCT00891228]	Phase 1	99 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
A Dose Finding Study to Evaluate Serum Estradiol Levels With Use of Contraceptive Vaginal Rings Releasing Nestorone® and Escalating Doses of Estradiol in Normal Cycling Women [NCT02626208]	Phase 2	65 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label Study Comparing the Effect of a Contraceptive Vaginal Ring Delivering Daily Doses of 150 Micrograms Nestorone and 15 Micrograms Ethinyl Estradiol to an Oral Contraceptive Containing 150 Micrograms of Levonorgestrel and 30 Microgra [NCT00213096]	Phase 2	50 participants	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Open Label Clinical Trial to Evaluate if Nestorone Gel Has Gonadotropin Suppressive Activity and if Nestorone in Combination With Testosterone Will Have an Additive Effect on Gonadotropin Suppression When Applied Transdermally in Healthy Men [NCT00229593]	Phase 1	140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
An Open-Label Study of Serum Testosterone and Nestorone in Females After Secondary Exposure to Nestorone ® (NES) + Testosterone (T) Combined Gel Applied to Shoulders and Upper Arms in Males: Effect of Washing or Clothing Barrier to the Application [NCT02994602]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
A Randomized, Two Center, Double-Blind Trial to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Gonadotropin Suppression of Nestorone®-Testosterone (NES/T) Combination Gel in Healthy Men [NCT02432261]	Phase 1	44 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00891228 (5) [back to overview]	The Impact on Sperm Morphology in Men Who Are Not Azoospermic
NCT00891228 (5) [back to overview]	The Number of Men Who Have Azoospermia
NCT00891228 (5) [back to overview]	The Number of Men Who Have Suppression of Sperm Production ≤1Million/mL Million/mL When Using a Daily Regimen of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg) and Testosterone Gel Applied Transdermally.
NCT00891228 (5) [back to overview]	The Number of Men Who Have Suppression of Sperm Production ≤3 Million/mL ≤ 3 Million/mL or Azoospermia When Using a Daily Regimen of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg) and Testosterone Gel.
NCT00891228 (5) [back to overview]	The Impact on Sperm Motility in Men Who Are Not Azoospermic Azoospermic.

The Impact on Sperm Morphology in Men Who Are Not Azoospermic

(NCT00891228)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	percentage normal morphology (Mean)
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 0 mg Per Day	12.3
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 8 mg Per Day	10.8
Testosterone Gel 10 g Plus Nestorone® Gel 12 mg Per Day	9.1

[back to top]

The Number of Men Who Have Azoospermia

(NCT00891228)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 0 mg Per Day	5
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 8 mg Per Day	14
Testosterone Gel 10 g Plus Nestorone® Gel 12 mg Per Day	11

[back to top]

The Number of Men Who Have Suppression of Sperm Production ≤1Million/mL Million/mL When Using a Daily Regimen of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg) and Testosterone Gel Applied Transdermally.

(NCT00891228)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 0 mg Per Day	5
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 8 mg Per Day	15
Testosterone Gel 10 g Plus Nestorone® Gel 12 mg Per Day	13

[back to top]

The Number of Men Who Have Suppression of Sperm Production ≤3 Million/mL ≤ 3 Million/mL or Azoospermia When Using a Daily Regimen of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg) and Testosterone Gel.

(NCT00891228)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

Intervention	participants (Number)
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 0 mg Per Day	5
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 8 mg Per Day	15
Testosterone Gel 10 g Plus Nestorone® Gel 12 mg Per Day	14

[back to top]

The Impact on Sperm Motility in Men Who Are Not Azoospermic Azoospermic.

(NCT00891228)
Timeframe: 24 Weeks

Intervention	percentage of sperm (Mean)
	Percent Progressive (week 24)	Percent Non Progressive (week 24)
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 0 mg Per Day	52.8	10.4
Testosterone Gel 10 g and Nestorone® 8 mg Per Day	31.9	7.4
Testosterone Gel 10 g Plus Nestorone® Gel 12 mg Per Day	29.6	8.3

[back to top]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	5.91	2	2	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	4.92	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
lynestrenol Lynestrenol: A synthetic progestational hormone used often in mixtures with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	4.32	1	1	steroid
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.25	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.21	1	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	11.87	18	12	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	6.6	3	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	2.46	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
testosterone enanthate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	heptanoate ester; sterol ester	androgen
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	2.11	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	8.5	11	3	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	3.55	2	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination Ethinyl Estradiol-Norgestrel Combination: ETHINYL ESTRADIOL and NORGESTREL given in fixed proportions.	4.75	2	1
pregnanolone Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.	3.69	3	0	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).	5.67	6	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	2.21	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
nomegestrol nomegestrol: 19-nor-progesterone derivative; structure given in UD	3.1	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
drospirenone drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source	2.48	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; steroid lactone	aldosterone antagonist; contraceptive drug; progestin
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	3.51	1	1	iditol	fungal metabolite
nomegestrol acetate nomegestrol acetate: do not confuse with Solastic	2.13	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
19-norprogesterone 19-norprogesterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	4.03	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.	2.1	1	0
etonogestrel [no description available]	5.67	6	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin
beta-endorphin beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).	2.05	1	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	2.07	1	0
norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.	1.96	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	4.95	5	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.33	1	0
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	4.95	5	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	9.2	9	6
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.1	4	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	2.31	1	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	2.31	1	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.66	2	0
Candidiasis, Genital [description not available]	7.6	4	4
Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal Infection of the VULVA and VAGINA with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA.	7.6	4	4
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.17	1	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	2.17	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	2.17	1	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.21	1	0
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	2.21	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.21	1	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	2.21	1	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	2.21	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	3	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.38	2	0
Hypomenorrhea [description not available]	4.75	2	1
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	3	1	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.38	2	0
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.	3.48	1	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.1	1	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.11	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.07	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	3.4	1	1
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available]	7.42	6	5
Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.	3.4	1	1
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	3.4	1	1
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.	7.42	6	5
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	2.01	1	0
Ovarian Diseases Pathological processes of the OVARY.	2.01	1	0
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	4.32	1	1
Activated Protein C Resistance A hemostatic disorder characterized by a poor anticoagulant response to activated protein C (APC). The activated form of Factor V (Factor Va) is more slowly degraded by activated protein C. Factor V Leiden mutation (R506Q) is the most common cause of APC resistance.	4.33	1	1
Bleeding Between Periods [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Metrorrhagia Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.	3.41	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	10.2	4	1
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	5.02	5	2
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	5.02	5	2
Anasarca [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	3.39	1	1
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	3.39	1	1
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	3.39	1	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	1.98	1	0

st 1435

Cross-References

Synonyms (48)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (2)

Research

Studies (94)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.97

Study Types

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

The Impact on Sperm Morphology in Men Who Are Not Azoospermic

The Number of Men Who Have Azoospermia

The Number of Men Who Have Suppression of Sperm Production ≤1Million/mL Million/mL When Using a Daily Regimen of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg) and Testosterone Gel Applied Transdermally.

The Number of Men Who Have Suppression of Sperm Production ≤3 Million/mL ≤ 3 Million/mL or Azoospermia When Using a Daily Regimen of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg) and Testosterone Gel.

The Impact on Sperm Motility in Men Who Are Not Azoospermic Azoospermic.

st 1435

Cross-References

Synonyms (48)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (2)

Research

Studies (94)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.97

Study Types

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

The Impact on Sperm Morphology in Men Who Are Not Azoospermic

The Number of Men Who Have Azoospermia

The Number of Men Who Have Suppression of Sperm Production ≤1Million/mL Million/mL When Using a Daily Regimen of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg) and Testosterone Gel Applied Transdermally.

The Number of Men Who Have Suppression of Sperm Production ≤3 Million/mL ≤ 3 Million/mL or Azoospermia When Using a Daily Regimen of Nestorone® Gel (0, 8 or 12 mg) and Testosterone Gel.

The Impact on Sperm Motility in Men Who Are Not Azoospermic Azoospermic.

Related Drugs (26)

Related Conditions (65)