Page last updated: 2024-12-08

cp 424391

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

CP 424391: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID216208
CHEMBL ID113313
SCHEMBL ID1147592
MeSH IDM0396083

Synonyms (35)

Synonym
cp 424391
2-amino-n-[(r)-2-((r)-3a-benzyl-2-methyl-3-oxo-2,3,3a,4,6,7-hexahydro-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-benzyloxymethyl-2-oxo-ethyl]-2-methyl-propionamide
bdbm50083974
cp-424391
cp-424,391
cp-424391-18
capromorelin
capimorelin
CHEMBL113313 ,
193273-66-4
n-[(2r)-1-[(3ar)-3a-benzyl-2-methyl-3-oxo-6,7-dihydro-4h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5-yl]-1-oxo-3-phenylmethoxypropan-2-yl]-2-amino-2-methylpropanamide
0mq44vun84 ,
unii-0mq44vun84
capromorelin [inn]
cp 424,391
329327-00-6
capromorelin [green book]
2-amino-n-((1r)-1-(((3ar)-3a-benzyl-2,3,3a,4,6,7-hexahydro-2-methyl-3-oxo-5h-pyrazolo(4,3-c)pyridin-5-yl)carbonyl)-2-(benzyloxy)ethyl)-2-methylpropionamide
propanamide, 2-amino-n-(2-(2,3,3a,4,6,7-hexahydro-2-methyl-3-oxo-3a-(phenylmethyl)-5h-pyrazolo(4,3-c)pyridin-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-((phenylmethoxy)methyl)ethyl)-2-methyl-, (r-(r*,r*))-
capromorelin [mi]
SCHEMBL1147592
DTXSID5057886 ,
AKOS027326852
2-amino-n-((r)-1-((r)-3a-benzyl-2-methyl-3-oxo-3a,4,6,7-tetrahydro-2h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5(3h)-yl)-3-(benzyloxy)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-2-methylpropanamide
Q5036299
EX-A2367
DB15205
n-[(2r)-1-[(3ar)-2-methyl-3-oxo-3a-(phenylmethyl)-6,7-dihydro-4h-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-5-yl]-1-oxo-3-(phenylmethoxy)propan-2-yl]-2-amino-2-methylpropanamide
A880277
capromoreline
dtxcid6031673
capromorelinum
capromorelina
elura
AC-35748

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"No serious adverse events were recorded following any dose in either the able-bodied group or the SCI group."( Pharmacokinetics of the ghrelin agonist capromorelin in a single ascending dose Phase-I safety trial in spinal cord-injured and able-bodied volunteers.
Brown, DJ; Ellis, AG; Frauman, AG; Furness, JB; Millard, M; Zeglinski, PT, 2015
)
0.42
"Capromorelin at the doses tested was safe and well tolerated in both SCI and able-bodied participants and also showed similar pharmacokinetics with dose-dependent increases in concentration and drug exposure."( Pharmacokinetics of the ghrelin agonist capromorelin in a single ascending dose Phase-I safety trial in spinal cord-injured and able-bodied volunteers.
Brown, DJ; Ellis, AG; Frauman, AG; Furness, JB; Millard, M; Zeglinski, PT, 2015
)
0.42
" Adverse events were limited to mild emesis and loose stools in all groups and excess salivation among some dogs receiving higher capromorelin doses."( Evaluation of the safety in dogs of long-term, daily oral administration of capromorelin, a novel drug for stimulation of appetite.
Armintrout, G; Huebner, M; Rausch-Derra, LC; Rhodes, L; Zollers, B, 2017
)
0.46

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Following initial screening and baseline blood collections, participants received ascending oral doses (20, 50 and then 100 mg at least 1-week apart) of capromorelin after pre-dose blood collection, followed by blood collections over the following 12 h for pharmacokinetic analysis and 1-week and 4-week follow-up blood collections for safety evaluations."( Pharmacokinetics of the ghrelin agonist capromorelin in a single ascending dose Phase-I safety trial in spinal cord-injured and able-bodied volunteers.
Brown, DJ; Ellis, AG; Frauman, AG; Furness, JB; Millard, M; Zeglinski, PT, 2015
)
0.42
" Pharmacokinetic behaviour was broadly similar between groups, with both exhibiting dose-dependent increases in Cmax and AUC0-∞."( Pharmacokinetics of the ghrelin agonist capromorelin in a single ascending dose Phase-I safety trial in spinal cord-injured and able-bodied volunteers.
Brown, DJ; Ellis, AG; Frauman, AG; Furness, JB; Millard, M; Zeglinski, PT, 2015
)
0.42

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was elevated progressively over a 5-d course of daily oral dosing in dogs."( Preclinical pharmacology of CP-424,391, an orally active pyrazolinone-piperidine [correction of pyrazolidinone-piperidine] growth hormone secretagogue.
Carpino, PA; Chidsey-Frink, K; DaSilva-Jardine, PA; Lefker, BA; Lu, B; MacLean, DB; Mullins, MA; Nettleton, DO; Ng, O; Nickerson, DF; Pan, LC; Pettersen, JC; Pirie, CM; Ragan, JA; Tess, DA; Thompson, DD; Toler, SM, 2001
)
0.31
" Repeat oral dosing of 4 in dogs for 29 days (6 mg/kg) resulted in a significant down-regulation of the post dose GH response and a 60 and 40% increase in IGF-1 levels relative to pre-dose levels at the 8- and 24-h post dose time points."( Discovery and biological characterization of capromorelin analogues with extended half-lives.
Carpino, PA; Chidsey-Frink, KL; Cook, ER; DaSilva-Jardine, PA; DeNinno, SL; DiBrino, JN; Hada, WA; Hadcock, JR; Inthavongsay, J; Lefker, BA; Lewis, SK; Mangano, FM; Mullins, MA; Murray, MC; Ng, O; Nickerson, DF; Pan, LC; Pettersen, JC; Pirie, CM; Ragan, JA; Rose, CR; Tess, DA; Thompson, DD; Toler, SM; Wilson, TC; Wright, AS; Yu, L; Zawistoski, MP, 2002
)
0.31
"Ghrelin, GHRP-6, and capromorelin accelerated gastric emptying in an equipotent manner, with bell-shaped dose-response relationships."( Gastric motor effects of peptide and non-peptide ghrelin agonists in mice in vivo and in vitro.
De Smet, B; Depoortere, I; Kitazawa, T; Peeters, TL; Verbeke, K, 2005
)
0.33
" INTERVENTION/PARTICIPANTS: A total of 395 men and women aged 65-84 yr were randomized for an intended 2 yr of treatment to four dosing groups (10 mg three times/week, 3 mg twice a day, 10 mg each night, and 10 mg twice a day) or placebo."( Effects of an oral growth hormone secretagogue in older adults.
Blackman, MR; Ettinger, MP; Hoffman, AR; Landschulz, W; Lyles, K; MacLean, D; Merriam, GR; Morey, MC; Petrie, CD; Salvatori, R; Taylor, A; Wei, JY; White, HK, 2009
)
0.35
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.01400.00040.58926.0000AID1505552; AID73176
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.00700.00020.03360.0906AID92297
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC50 (µMol)0.00300.00130.01540.0600AID1692742
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)0.00090.00020.00870.0660AID1505553
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (47)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
spermatogenesisGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
learning or memoryGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
actin polymerization or depolymerizationGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
adult feeding behaviorGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to hormoneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathwayGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine secretionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone secretionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to foodGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of appetiteGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of appetiteGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to follicle-stimulating hormoneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiolGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-6 productionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulusGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
ghrelin secretionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of multicellular organism growthGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hindgut contractionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathwayGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic processGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
decidualizationGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathwayGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responseGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synapse assemblyGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmission of nerve impulseGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of growth hormone secretionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to growth hormoneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to dexamethasoneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behaviorGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulusGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membraneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynapse organizationGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of small intestinal transitGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to L-glutamateGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesisGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of eating behaviorGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of small intestine smooth muscle contractionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gastric motilityGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferationGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulusGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic processGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (4)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
growth hormone secretagogue receptor activityGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor activityGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor activityGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone bindingGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (8)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projectionGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic membraneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapseGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapseGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGrowth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (14)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1505553Agonist activity at human GHS receptor assessed as intracellular myo-IP1 secretion after 90 mins by HTRF analysis2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14
Identification and Pharmacological Profile of an Indane Based Series of Ghrelin Receptor Full Agonists.
AID175851In vitro effective concentration required for 50% stimulation of GH release in rat pituitary cell cultures.2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-18, Volume: 12, Issue:22
Discovery and biological characterization of capromorelin analogues with extended half-lives.
AID177159In vivo effective dose required for 50% stimulation of GH release in anesthetized rat model.2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-18, Volume: 12, Issue:22
Discovery and biological characterization of capromorelin analogues with extended half-lives.
AID9720Plasma elimination half-life (08 h) was determined in canine following intravenous (iv) administration (1 mg/kg).2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-18, Volume: 12, Issue:22
Discovery and biological characterization of capromorelin analogues with extended half-lives.
AID1692742Agonist activity at GHSR in Wistar rat pituitary gland cells assessed as induction of GH release by RIA2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-25, Volume: 63, Issue:22
Opportunities for Tapping into Three-Dimensional Chemical Space through a Quaternary Carbon.
AID73176Binding affinity for human growth hormone GH secretagogue (hGHsr) receptor2000Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-03, Volume: 10, Issue:1
Modeling directed design and biological evaluation of quinazolinones as non-peptidic growth hormone secretagogues.
AID1505552Displacement of human [125I]-ghrelin from GHS-R1a (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cell membranes after 1 hr by radioligand binding assay2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14
Identification and Pharmacological Profile of an Indane Based Series of Ghrelin Receptor Full Agonists.
AID1505555Agonist activity at human GHS receptor assessed as intracellular myo-IP1 secretion after 90 mins by HTRF analysis relative to GHRP-62018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-26, Volume: 61, Issue:14
Identification and Pharmacological Profile of an Indane Based Series of Ghrelin Receptor Full Agonists.
AID1859422Stimulation of growth hormone secretion in Wistar rat pituitary cells measured after 15 mins2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 235An insight into the multifunctional role of ghrelin and structure activity relationship studies of ghrelin receptor ligands with clinical trials.
AID8530Plasma clearance was determined in canine following intravenous (iv) administration of drug (1 mg/kg).2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-18, Volume: 12, Issue:22
Discovery and biological characterization of capromorelin analogues with extended half-lives.
AID180671The effective concentration against rat pituitary cell GH release assay2000Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-03, Volume: 10, Issue:1
Modeling directed design and biological evaluation of quinazolinones as non-peptidic growth hormone secretagogues.
AID92297In vitro binding affinity against human type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor (hGHS-R1a), using [125I]ghrelin as radioligand.2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-18, Volume: 12, Issue:22
Discovery and biological characterization of capromorelin analogues with extended half-lives.
AID18968Lipophilicity by octanol water distribution coefficient2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-18, Volume: 12, Issue:22
Discovery and biological characterization of capromorelin analogues with extended half-lives.
AID9895Volume of distribution was determined in canine following intravenous (iv) administration of drug (1 mg/kg).2002Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-18, Volume: 12, Issue:22
Discovery and biological characterization of capromorelin analogues with extended half-lives.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (32)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's11 (34.38)29.6817
2010's15 (46.88)24.3611
2020's6 (18.75)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.84

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.84 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.74 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.57 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.84)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials7 (20.59%)5.53%
Reviews3 (8.82%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other24 (70.59%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]