Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) is a gasoline additive that enhances octane rating and reduces emissions. It is synthesized by reacting ethanol with tert-butanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. ETBE is a colorless liquid with a mild odor and is highly flammable. It is miscible with gasoline and other organic solvents. ETBE is considered a clean-burning fuel additive and has been shown to reduce carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and other pollutants. It is also an oxygenate, which helps to improve combustion efficiency and reduce engine knocking. Due to its properties, ETBE is widely studied and used as a gasoline additive in many countries. However, concerns about its potential environmental impact, such as groundwater contamination, have led to some restrictions on its use.'
ethyl tert-butyl ether: gasoline additive [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
tert-butyl ethyl ether : An ether having ethyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components. It is used as an engine fuel additive to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide and soot. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 12512 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1409831 |
| CHEBI ID | 141564 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 42870 |
| MeSH ID | M0258861 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 3r9b16wr19 , |
| unii-3r9b16wr19 |
| hsdb 7867 |
| ec 211-309-7 |
| inchi=1/c6h14o/c1-5-7-6(2,3)4/h5h2,1-4h |
| NCGC00091556-01 |
| 2-methyl-2-ethoxypropane (etbe) |
| nsc 1069 |
| 1,1-dimethylethyl ethyl ether |
| methyl-2-ethoxypropane |
| einecs 211-309-7 |
| ethyl t-butyl ether |
| ethyl 1,1-dimethylethyl ether |
| etbe |
| ccris 6061 |
| 2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane |
| 637-92-3 |
| tert-butyl ethyl ether |
| nsc1069 |
| propane, 2-ethoxy-2-methyl- |
| ether, tert-butyl ethyl |
| ethyl tert-butyl ether |
| ethyl tert-butyl oxide |
| nsc-1069 |
| tert-butyl ethyl ether, analytical standard |
| tert-butyl ethyl ether, 99% |
| 2-methyl-2-ethoxypropane |
| b1542 , |
| t-buoet |
| t-butyl ethyl ether |
| CHEBI:141564 |
| A834529 |
| 2-ethoxy-2-methyl-propane |
| NCGC00091556-02 |
| NCGC00257903-01 |
| dtxcid305604 |
| dtxsid0025604 , |
| tox21_200349 |
| cas-637-92-3 |
| FT-0626237 |
| AKOS015909016 |
| ethyl tert-butyl ether [mi] |
| methyl-2-ethoxypropane, 2- |
| ethyl-tert-butyl ether |
| GEO-03226 |
| SCHEMBL42870 |
| tert-c4h9oc2h5 |
| ethyl-tert-butylether |
| J-660063 |
| W-109094 |
| CHEMBL1409831 |
| mfcd00009225 |
| tert-butyl ethyl ether, purum, >=97.0% (gc) |
| N11919 |
| Q424480 |
| ethyl (2-methyl-2-propyl) ether |
| ethyl-tert-butyl ether 100 microg/ml in acetonitrile |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Since these additives change the combustion characteristics, this may as well influence toxic effects of the resulting emissions." | ( Ether oxygenate additives in gasoline reduce toxicity of exhausts. Brüning, T; Bünger, J; Hallier, E; Krahl, J; Westphal, GA, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " ETBE does not appear to be selectively toxic to reproduction or embryofetal development in the absence of other manifestations of general toxicity." | ( Ethyl t-butyl ether: review of reproductive and developmental toxicity. de Peyster, A, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Also, no adverse effects on the progress of ossification were noted in fetuses of dams given ETBE." | ( Prenatal developmental toxicity study of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether in rabbits. Asano, Y; Endoh, T; Haneda, R; Ishikura, T; Kudoh, K, 2011) | 0.37 |
| " These results indicate that, under the conditions of this study, ETBE had no toxicological effects on pregnant rats or their embryos and fetuses and that the no observed adverse effect level was 1000 mg/kg/day both for pregnant rats and their embryos and fetuses." | ( Prenatal developmental toxicity study of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether in rats. Ajimi, S; Aso, S; Furukawa, K; Hoshuyama, S; Kusune, Y; Miyata, K; Muroi, T; Takakura, S, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " No treatment-related adverse effects were observed at 5, 25 or 100 mg/kg." | ( A subchronic (180-day) oral toxicity study of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether, a bioethanol, in rats. Ajimi, S; Aso, S; Furukawa, K; Hoshuyama, S; Koga, T; Miyata, K, 2014) | 0.4 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " To understand the contribution of ETBE and TBA kinetics under varying exposure scenarios to these tumor responses, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed based on a previously published model for methyl tertiary-butyl ether, a structurally similar chemical, and verified against the literature and study report data." | ( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for ethyl tertiary-butyl ether and tertiary-butyl alcohol in rats: Contribution of binding to α2u-globulin in male rats and high-exposure nonlinear kinetics to toxicity and cancer outcomes. Banton, MI; Borghoff, SJ; Leavens, TL; Ring, C, 2017) | 0.46 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Minor changes in grip strength and hindlimb splay were observed; however, none demonstrated a dose-response relationship or a consistent pattern of neurological dysfunction." | ( Neurotoxicological evaluation of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether following subchronic (90-day) inhalation in the Fischer 344 rat. Bond, JA; Dorman, DC; Gross, EB; Janszen, DB; Morgan, KT; Struve, MF; Wong, BA, ) | 0.13 |
| " To study tert-butyl alcohol metabolism, rats were dosed either with tert-butyl alcohol at natural carbon isotope ratio or with 13C-enriched tert-butyl alcohol (250 mg/kg of body weight), urine was collected, and metabolites were identified by NMR and GC/MS." | ( Biotransformation of 12C- and 2-13C-labeled methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, and tert-butyl alcohol in rats: identification of metabolites in urine by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Amberg, A; Bernauer, U; Dekant, W; Scheutzow, D, 1998) | 0.56 |
| " Early postnatal rat pup deaths show no clear dose-response and have largely been attributed to total litter losses with accompanying evidence of maternal neglect or frank maternal morbidity." | ( Ethyl t-butyl ether: review of reproductive and developmental toxicity. de Peyster, A, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " The no-observed-effect level for immunotoxicity was the highest dosage tested at 1000 mg/kg/day." | ( Oral subchronic immunotoxicity study of ethyl tertiary butyl ether in the rat. Banton, MI; Padgett, EL; Peachee, VL; White, KL, ) | 0.13 |
| " The results demonstrate that noncancer kidney effects, including kidney weight changes, urothelial hyperplasia, and chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN), yielded consistent dose-response relationships across routes of exposure and across ETBE and TBA studies using TBA blood concentration as the dose metric." | ( Development and application of a rat PBPK model to elucidate kidney and liver effects induced by ETBE and tert-butanol. Brinkerhoff, CJ; Chiu, WA; Lee, JS; Salazar, KD, 2015) | 0.42 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| fuel additive | Any additive that enhances the efficiency of fuel. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| ether | An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen. |
| volatile organic compound | Any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250 degreeC (482 degreeF) measured at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.8662 | 0.0007 | 14.5928 | 83.7951 | AID1259369 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.3137 | 0.0030 | 41.6115 | 22,387.1992 | AID1159552; AID1159555 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 47.3957 | 0.0006 | 27.2152 | 1,122.0200 | AID743219 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 0 (0.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 12 (13.79) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 30 (34.48) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 40 (45.98) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 5 (5.75) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (38.42) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 3 (3.26%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 6 (6.52%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 83 (90.22%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||