Compounds > minaxolone
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

minaxolone

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Minaxolone is a synthetic steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. It has been investigated for its potential therapeutic applications in various inflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. The synthesis of minaxolone involves several steps, starting with the modification of a steroid precursor molecule. It is believed to exert its effects by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating the activity of immune cells. Minaxolone is studied for its potential to provide a novel therapeutic approach for inflammatory disorders, offering a more targeted and potentially safer alternative to conventional treatments. Research into minaxolone is ongoing, and further studies are needed to fully evaluate its efficacy and safety in human subjects.'
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minaxolone: RN given refers to parent cpd(2beta,3alpha,5alpha,11alpha)-isomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID71960
CHEMBL ID2105209
SCHEMBL ID141444
MeSH IDM0074100

Synonyms (27)

Synonym
minaxolone
D05041
62571-87-3
minaxolone (usan/inn)
c.c.i. 12923
cci 12923
minaxolone [usan:inn:ban]
minaxolonum [inn-latin]
11alpha-(dimethylamino)-2beta-ethoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one
pregnan-20-one, 11-(dimethylamino)-2-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-, (2beta,3alpha,5alpha,11alpha)-
minaxolona [inn-spanish]
1-[(2s,3s,5s,8s,9s,10s,11r,13s,14s,17s)-11-(dimethylamino)-2-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethanone
unii-737skc73l0
minaxolona
minaxolonum
737skc73l0 ,
CHEMBL2105209
cci-12923
1-[(1s,2s,4s,5s,7s,10s,11s,14s,15s,17r)-17-(dimethylamino)-4-ethoxy-5-hydroxy-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-14-yl]ethan-1-one
gtpl5478
minaxolone [usan]
pregnan-20-one, 11-(dimethylamino)-2-ethoxy-3-hydroxy-, (2.beta.,3.alpha.,5.alpha.,11.alpha.)-
minaxolone [inn]
minaxolone [who-dd]
SCHEMBL141444
Q6863285
DTXSID201024283

Research Excerpts

Overview

Minaxolone is a potent ligand for the neurosteroid binding site of the GABAA, receptor.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Minaxolone appears to be a promising new anaesthetic worthy of further study."( An early clinical assessment of the steroid anaesthetic Minaxolone.
Dunn, GL; McChesney, J; Morison, DH; Pine, W, 1980)		1.23
"Minaxolone proved to be a satisfactory induction agent."( Initial experience with Minaxolone. A water-soluble steroid intravenous anaesthetic agent.
Lumley, J; Morgan, M; Punchihewa, VG; Whitwam, JG, 1980)		1.29
"Minaxolone is a potent ligand for the neurosteroid binding site of the GABAA, receptor. "( Development of tolerance in mice to the sedative effects of the neuroactive steroid minaxolone following chronic exposure.
Ford, E; Hagan, RM; Marshall, FH; Mullings, J; Oakley, NR; Stratton, SC; Worton, SP, 1997)		1.96

Effects

Minaxolone has been withdrawn from clinical trials following equivocal toxicological findings in rats which require further investigation.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Minaxolone has been withdrawn from clinical trials following equivocal toxicological findings in rats which require further investigation."( Minaxolone: an evaluation with and without premedication.
Briggs, LP; Clarke, RS; Dundee, JW; McNeill, HG, 1981)		2.43
"Minaxolone has been used to induce anaesthesia, and in incremental doses to supplement nitrous oxide, in 100 patients undergoing minor surgical procedures. "( Initial experience with Minaxolone. A water-soluble steroid intravenous anaesthetic agent.
Lumley, J; Morgan, M; Punchihewa, VG; Whitwam, JG, 1980)		2.01
"Minaxolone has been used for the induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in 60 patients undergoing minor surgical procedures. "( Early clinical evaluation of minaxolone: a new intravenous steroid anaesthetic agent.
Aveling, W; Campbell, D; Chang, H; Cooper, GM; Fitch, W; Prys-Roberts, C; Savege, TM; Sear, JW; Simpson, P; Waters, A, 1979)		1.99

Actions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"minaxolone) additionally enhance the function of recombinant glycine receptors (GlyR)."( GABAA and glycine receptor-mediated transmission in rat lamina II neurones: relevance to the analgesic actions of neuroactive steroids.
Belelli, D; Dempster, J; Gentet, LJ; Mitchell, EA, 2007)		1.06

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Drug uptake and retention in extravisceral tissues, represented here by the hindquarters, can result in the mean total body drug clearance being overestimated when determined by traditional systemic pharmacokinetic methods."( Uptake and elution of chlormethiazole, meperidine, and minaxolone in the hindquarters of sheep: implications for clearance calculations.
Carapetis, RJ; Mather, LE; McLean, CF; Runciman, WB; Upton, RN, 1991)		0.53
" Further experimental evidence in support of this finding was the lack of dose dependence in any pharmacokinetic parameter following bolus doses through the clinical range of 12."( Minaxolone, a new steroidal anesthetic. Pharmacokinetics and organ extraction in sheep.
Gourlay, GK; Mather, LE; Parkin, KS, )		1.57
" The decay in the plasma drug concentrations after the infusion could be fitted to a bi-exponential equation, indicating that the steroids were distributed according to an open two-compartment pharmacokinetic model."( Alphadione and minaxolone pharmacokinetics.
Prys-Roberts, C; Sear, JW, 1981)		0.62

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Chronic dosing with minaxolone (100 mg/kg, orally, once daily for 7 days) resulted in a loss of sedative response to an acute dose of the drug, indicating development of tolerance."( Development of tolerance in mice to the sedative effects of the neuroactive steroid minaxolone following chronic exposure.
Ford, E; Hagan, RM; Marshall, FH; Mullings, J; Oakley, NR; Stratton, SC; Worton, SP, 1997)		0.84
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (20)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.505710.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.497310.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.498810.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.504610.0000AID71999
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00132.22068.3000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00321.79008.3000AID71999
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00321.54318.3000AID71999
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporterRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00321.54318.3000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.506510.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.505710.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)0.07100.00010.507510.0000AID71999
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Ceullar Components (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (4)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID210604Therapeutic index by the ratio between LD50 to HD501997Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11
Anesthetic activity of novel water-soluble 2 beta-morpholinyl steroids and their modulatory effects at GABAA receptors.
AID114282Hypnotic dose was determined by observing loss of righting reflex for a minimum period of 30 sec in 50% of treated mice after i.v. administration.1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11
Anesthetic activity of novel water-soluble 2 beta-morpholinyl steroids and their modulatory effects at GABAA receptors.
AID71999The concentration required to inhibit 50% of binding of [35S]TBPS to Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor to rat whole brain membranes.1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11
Anesthetic activity of novel water-soluble 2 beta-morpholinyl steroids and their modulatory effects at GABAA receptors.
AID119225Effect on interval between loss of righting reflex and return to righting reflex (sleep duration) was measured at a dose twice that of hypnotic dose.1997Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-23, Volume: 40, Issue:11
Anesthetic activity of novel water-soluble 2 beta-morpholinyl steroids and their modulatory effects at GABAA receptors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (40)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199032 (80.00)18.7374
1990's6 (15.00)18.2507
2000's2 (5.00)29.6817
2010's0 (0.00)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 20.77

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index20.77 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.83 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.01 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index21.17 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (20.77)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials3 (7.14%)5.53%
Reviews5 (11.90%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other34 (80.95%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
glycine
[no description available]		2.0210alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		4.4451gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		2.36201,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		4.8421anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		1.99101,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
halothane
[no description available]		3.7521haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		2.3620cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		1.9510benzodiazepine
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		6.9710ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		2.3620imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		1.9910alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		1.9510benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		5.9581phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		1.9910benzodiazepine
pentolinium tartrate
Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.		1.9610tartrate saltantihypertensive agent
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		2.031020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.7530acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		2.0310benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		6.9710thiazoles
propanidid
Propanidid: An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918)		2.3620methoxybenzenes
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		9.484033-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
brexanolone
brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.		1.99103-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-oneantidepressant;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer		2.412021-hydroxy steroid
alphaxalone
alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure		2.6830corticosteroid hormone
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		4.2641
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		2.0310monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.3160ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		4.1650barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
bilirubin
[no description available]		3.3511biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		3.4620morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
org 21465
ORG 21465: structure given in first source		1.9910
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		1.9510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		03.5730
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		01.9610
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		01.9610
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.8710
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		02.8710
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		03.2820
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		02.8710
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		03.2820
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		02.3620
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		02.3620
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		01.9610
Respiration Disorders
Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.		01.9610
Acathisia, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		01.9610
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		01.9510
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		01.9510