Compounds > ursocholic acid
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

ursocholic acid

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

Ursocholic acid (UDCA) is a bile acid found in the bile of bears. It is a naturally occurring compound that is also produced synthetically. UDCA is used to treat a variety of liver diseases, including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and cholestatic liver disease. It is also used to dissolve gallstones and prevent the formation of new gallstones. UDCA is thought to work by improving bile flow, protecting liver cells from damage, and reducing inflammation. It has been studied extensively for its therapeutic potential in various liver disorders. UDCA has been shown to reduce the progression of liver disease and improve symptoms in patients with PBC and PSC. It has also been shown to be effective in dissolving gallstones in some patients. UDCA is generally well tolerated, but side effects can occur, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and elevated liver enzymes. It is important to note that UDCA is not a cure for any liver disease, but it can help to manage symptoms and slow the progression of disease.'

ursocholic acid: see also records for allocholic and cholic acids [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ursocholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 3alpha, 7beta and 12alpha. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID122340
CHEMBL ID1254416
CHEBI ID81240
SCHEMBL ID288612
MeSH IDM0096946

Synonyms (45)

Synonym
ursocholic acid
LMST04010088
3alpha,7beta,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid
7-epicholate
7beta-hydroxyisocholic acid
C17644
3alpha,7beta,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
2955-27-3
7-epicholic acid
(4r)-4-[(3r,5s,7s,8r,9s,10s,12s,13r,14s,17r)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid
CHEMBL1254416
chebi:81240 ,
A820339
(4r)-4-[(3r,5s,7s,8r,9s,10s,12s,13r,14s,17r)-10,13-dimethyl-3,7,12-tris(oxidanyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid
mlp1t05rbx ,
cholan-24-oic acid, 3,7,12-trihydroxy-, (3alpha,5beta,7beta,12alpha)-
unii-mlp1t05rbx
SCHEMBL288612
ursocholic acid [ep impurity]
3.alpha.,7.beta.,12.alpha.-trihydroxy-5.beta.-cholanic acid
3.alpha.,7.beta.,12.alpha.-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid
ursodeoxycholic acid impurity d [ep impurity]
(3alpha,5beta,7beta,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxycholan-24-oic acid
3alpha, 7beta, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid
BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-UTLSPDKDSA-N
3alpha,7beta,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanoic acid
mfcd25563269
(4r)-4-[(1r,3as,3br,4s,5as,7r,9as,9bs,11s,11ar)-4,7,11-trihydroxy-9a,11a-dimethyl-hexadecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-1-yl]pentanoic acid
AS-70048
J-017562
3a,7b,12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid
3a,7b,12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oate
3a,7b,12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-oic acid
3a,7b,12a-trihydroxycholanic acid
3a,7b,12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholanic acid
3a,7b,12a-trihydroxycholanate
3a,7b,12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholanate
3a,7b,12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholanoate
4-[(5s,7s,8s,10s,13r,17r)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pentanoic acid
CS-0059325
HY-113212
Q27155182
DTXSID301018756
V10235
AKOS037646653

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Finally, CDCA, DCA and LagoDCA were prominent outliers being more toxic than predicted by RMw."( Bile acid toxicity structure-activity relationships: correlations between cell viability and lipophilicity in a panel of new and known bile acids using an oesophageal cell line (HET-1A).
Gilmer, JF; Keaveney, R; Kelleher, D; Long, A; Majer, F; Peta, VK; Sharma, R; Wang, J, 2010)		0.36

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Ursocholic acid is well absorbed and excreted into bile and transformed into deoxycholic acid by the intestinal microflora in mice."( Differential effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and ursocholic acid on the formation of biliary cholesterol crystals in mice.
Akiyoshi, T; Igimi, H; Ishihara, S; Nomura, Y; Takase, H; Uchida, K, 1991)		1.45
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (2)

RoleDescription
human urinary metaboliteAny metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples.
EC 1.1.1.159 (7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitorAn EC 1.1.1.* (oxidoreductase acting on donor CH-OH group, NAD+ or NADP+ acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of 7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.159).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (6)

ClassDescription
bile acidAny member of a group of hydroxy-5beta-cholanic acids occuring in bile, where they are present as the sodium salts of their amides with glycine or taurine. In mammals bile acids almost invariably have 5beta-configuration.
3alpha-hydroxy steroidA 3-hydroxy steroid in which the 3-hydroxy substituent is in the alpha-position.
12alpha-hydroxy steroid
C24-steroidA steroid compound with a structure based on a 24-carbon (cholane) skeleton.
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
7beta-hydroxy steroidA 7-hydroxy steroid in which the hydroxy group at position 7 has beta-configuration.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (3)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID515398Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs by MTT assay2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 18, Issue:18
Bile acid toxicity structure-activity relationships: correlations between cell viability and lipophilicity in a panel of new and known bile acids using an oesophageal cell line (HET-1A).
AID515400Cytotoxicity against human HET-1A cells assessed as cell viability at 500 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 18, Issue:18
Bile acid toxicity structure-activity relationships: correlations between cell viability and lipophilicity in a panel of new and known bile acids using an oesophageal cell line (HET-1A).
AID515399Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells assessed as cell viability at 500 uM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 18, Issue:18
Bile acid toxicity structure-activity relationships: correlations between cell viability and lipophilicity in a panel of new and known bile acids using an oesophageal cell line (HET-1A).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (35)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199014 (40.00)18.7374
1990's11 (31.43)18.2507
2000's7 (20.00)29.6817
2010's3 (8.57)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 90.90

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index90.90 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.71 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.19 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index157.97 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (90.90)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials4 (11.11%)5.53%
Reviews1 (2.78%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other31 (86.11%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
glycine
[no description available]		1.9710alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		1.9610carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
taurine
[no description available]		2.3820amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-toluenesulfonic acid
4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.		1.9810arenesulfonic acid;
toluenes
methanesulfonic acid
[no description available]		1.9810alkanesulfonic acid;
one-carbon compound		Escherichia coli metabolite
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		4.0731amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		2.6830bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		591bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		7.940bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		2.0510bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		3.4311alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		6.16123bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		3.411delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
muricholic acid
muricholic acid: internal standard in analysis of fecal bile acids; RN given refers to (3 alpha,5 beta)-isomer		4.76713alpha-hydroxy steroid;
6-hydroxy steroid;
7-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid
norcholate
norcholic acid: found in urine of patients with liver cirrhosis		1.9610bile acid
allocholic acid
allocholic acid: see also records for ursocholic and cholic acids. allocholic acid : An allo-bile acid that is 5alpha-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		1.961012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
allo-bile acid;
C24-steroid		human metabolite;
marine metabolite;
rat metabolite
24-norursodeoxycholic acid
24-norursodeoxycholic acid: structure given in first source		2.0510
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		3.710012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		5.25121bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
Deoxycholic acid methyl ester
[no description available]		2.0510cholanoid
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.420bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
7-ketolithocholic acid
7-ketolithocholic acid: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer. 7-oxolithocholic acid : A bile acid that is lithocholic acid carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 7.		2.42203alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.0510bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
nadp
[no description available]		1.9610
glycodeoxycholic acid
Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.		7.940bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
12-ketolithocholic acid
12-ketolithocholic acid: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer		2.0510bile acid
chenodeoxycholate sulfate conjugate
chenodeoxycholate sulfate conjugate: ester not salt of chenodeoxycholic acid; major product of enzymatic sulfation of chenodeoxycholic acid		1.9710
bilirubin
[no description available]		1.9610biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hyodeoxycholic acid
hyodeoxycholic acid: differs from deoxycholic acid in that the 6 alpha-OH is in the 12 position in the former; RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,6alpha)-isomer. hyodeoxycholic acid : A member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by alpha-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.71305beta-cholanic acids;
6alpha,20xi-murideoxycholic acid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cholanic acid
cholanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomer designation. cholanic acid : A steroid acid that consists of cholane having a carboxy group in place of the methyl group at position 24.. colanic acid : A polyanionic heteropolysaccharide containing a repeat unit with D-glucose, L-fucose, D-galactose, and D-glucuronic acid sugars that are non-stoichiometrically decorated with O-acetyl and pyruvate side-chains		1.9810cholanic acids
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		2.420bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
glycoursodeoxycholic acid
glycoursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.. glycoursodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycoursodeoxycholic acid. obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0510bile acid glycine conjugate;
N-acylglycine		human blood serum metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		1.97101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		3.1310cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
cholestyramine resin
Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.		3.411
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		03.4311
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		03.4311
Bile Duct Diseases
Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.		02.0110
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		02.0110
Cerebral Cholesterinosis
[description not available]		03.411
Xanthomatosis, Cerebrotendinous
An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms.		03.411
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.0210
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.0210
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.0210
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.0210
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.9410
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		01031
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.9410
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		0531
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.0310
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		01.9610
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		04.0631
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9610
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		04.0631
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		03.3811
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		03.3811
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		0210
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		0210
Gallstone Disease
[description not available]		02.8940
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).		02.8940
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		01.9610