volkensin: a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein; 1569-bp ORF (523 amino acid residues) without introns, with an internal linker sequence of 45 bp; from roots of Adenia volkensii Harms (kilyambiti plant); contains two free cysteinyl residues out of 14 derived from the gene sequence [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| Flora | Rank | Flora Definition | Family | Family Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenia | genus | [no description available] | Passifloraceae | A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are herbaceous or woody vines, shrubs, and trees, mostly of warm regions. Many have tendrils in leaf axils. Leaves are alternate. Flowers have 3-5 sepals, petals and stamens. Nearly all species have seeds that bear a fleshy appendage called an aril.[MeSH] |
| Adenia volkensii | species | [no description available] | Passifloraceae | A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida that are herbaceous or woody vines, shrubs, and trees, mostly of warm regions. Many have tendrils in leaf axils. Leaves are alternate. Flowers have 3-5 sepals, petals and stamens. Nearly all species have seeds that bear a fleshy appendage called an aril.[MeSH] |
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 6438338 |
| CHEMBL ID | 4872878 |
| MeSH ID | M0140931 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| adenia volkesii toxin |
| volkensin |
| ribosome-inactivating protein type 2, adenia volkensii |
| rip protein, a volkensii harms |
| protein volkensin |
| volkensin (protein) |
| volkensin (glycoprotein) |
| 91933-11-8 |
| CHEMBL4872878 |
Volkensin is a galactose-specific lectin. It is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic protein synthesis in whole cells as well as in a cell-free system.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Volkensin is a galactose-specific lectin and is a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic protein synthesis in whole cells as well as in a cell-free system (a rabbit reticulocyte lysate)." | ( Properties of volkensin, a toxic lectin from Adenia volkensii. Abbondanza, A; Barbieri, L; Brown, AN; Falasca, AI; Olsnes, S; Pihl, A; Sandvig, K; Stirpe, F, 1985) | 1.35 |
Volkensin treatment caused significant losses in Fr1/Fr2 of neocortex in the number of infragranular pyramidal neurones. It also reduced binding to muscarinic cholinergic m1 receptors.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Volkensin treatment caused significant loss of pyramidal neurones which was accompanied by reduced binding to muscarinic cholinergic m1 receptors." | ( An aspect of Alzheimer neuropathology after suicide transport damage. Bowen, DM; Chessell, IP; Francis, PT; Heath, PR; Pearson, RC; Procter, AW; Webster, MT, 1994) | 1.01 |
| "Volkensin treatment caused significant losses in Fr1/Fr2 of neocortex in the number of infragranular pyramidal neurones and binding to deep cortical layers of both [3H]pirenzepine (muscarinic cholinergic m1 receptors) and [3H]kainate (kainate sensitive glutamate receptors)." | ( Localisation of muscarinic (m1) and other neurotransmitter receptors on corticofugal-projecting pyramidal neurones. Bowen, DM; Chessell, IP; Francis, PT; Pangalos, MN; Pearson, RC, 1993) | 1.01 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Thus, the damage observed after in vivo experiments could be partly related to diffusion of toxic substances from early-affected glial cells." | ( Toxicity of ricin and volkensin, two ribosome-inactivating proteins, to microglia, astrocyte, and neuron cultures. Battelli, MG; Buonamici, L; Ceccarelli, G; Ciani, E; Contestabile, A; Sparapani, M; Stirpe, F, 1997) | 0.61 |
| " Both RIPs resulted toxic for glial cells in culture by MTT test, killing 50% of microglia, the most sensitive cell type, at concentrations around 10(-14)M." | ( In vitro and in vivo toxicity of type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins lanceolin and stenodactylin on glial and neuronal cells. Battelli, MG; Bolognesi, A; Contestabile, A; D'Alessandro, C; Farini, V; Monti, B; Polazzi, E; Stirpe, F, 2007) | 0.34 |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1781219 | Inhibition of NO production in LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 cells | |||
| AID1781220 | Cytotoxicity against human MCF7-DOX cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay | |||
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (6.98) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 28 (65.12) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 9 (20.93) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 2 (4.65) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (2.33) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (20.75) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 2 (4.44%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 43 (95.56%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||