nithiamide profile

Nithiamide is a synthetic small-molecule inhibitor of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), which plays a crucial role in folate metabolism. It has been studied for its potential anticancer activity, specifically against tumors that are sensitive to folate pathway inhibition. Nithiamide's mode of action involves competing with dihydrofolate for binding to the active site of DHFR, thereby preventing the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, a crucial cofactor for various metabolic reactions. While initial research showed promising antitumor activity, further studies revealed challenges related to its toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties, limiting its clinical development. However, it remains a valuable tool for studying DHFR inhibition and understanding the folate pathway in cancer biology. Further research is ongoing to optimize its structure and delivery for potential therapeutic applications.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	8798
CHEMBL ID	1872946
CHEBI ID	134832
SCHEMBL ID	158858
SCHEMBL ID	22345094
MeSH ID	M0045544

Synonym
OPREA1_442078
nsc-45914
nsc45914
aminitrozol
tricogen
140-40-9
nsc31539
cl 5279
nsc-31539
tricosteril
cl 5,279
trichocid
ametoterina
nitazol
2-(acetylamino)-5-nitrothiazole
trichlorad
acetamide, n-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)-
nitazole
trichoral
trichorad
nithiamide ,
acinitrazole
cyzine premix
2-acetamido-5-nitrothiazole
tricoral
tritheon
gynofon
trichoman
nitasol
aminitrozole
trikolaval
tricolaval
acetyl enheptin
n-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)acetamide
enheptin a
5-nitro-2-acetamidothiazole
aminitrazol
lavoflagin
pleocide
enheptin-a
acinitrazol
nithiamide (usan)
D05176
aminitrozole (inn)
2-acetamino-5-nitrothiazole
n-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)acetamide
NCGC00164494-01
einecs 205-414-7
nithiamide [usan]
nsc 31539
brn 0167361
rp 8243
tricosil
amminitrozol [inn-spanish, french]
aminitrozolum [inn-latin]
nsc 45914
thiazole, 2-acetamido-5-nitro-
torion
5-nitro-2-acetilaminotiazolo [italian]
MAYBRIDGE1_004150
STK386433
n-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide
CHEBI:134832
A0689
HMS553E16
AKOS002232638
A807648
n-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethanamide
NCGC00164494-03
NCGC00164494-02
HMS3264P19
dtxcid4026391
dtxsid6046391 ,
tox21_112132
cas-140-40-9
nsc-759136
nsc759136
pharmakon1600-01505448
MLS004734635
smr001549986
nithiamide, nithiamide (2-acetamido-5-nitrothiazole)
CHEMBL1872946
cl-5279
S4232
aminitrozolum
amminitrozol
9cbm60191z ,
unii-9cbm60191z
5-nitro-2-acetilaminotiazolo
4-27-00-04676 (beilstein handbook reference)
aminitrozole [inn]
FT-0622274
aminitrozole [who-dd]
aminitrozole [mart.]
aminitrozole [mi]
CCG-213449
SCHEMBL158858
tox21_112132_1
CS-4486
nitrazol
n-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)acetamide #
2-acetamide-5-nitrothiazole
UJRRDDHEMZLWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
aminitrazole
HY-B0992
AB01563317_01
AB01563317_02
mfcd00022438
sr-07000004482
SR-07000004482-3
2-acetamido-5-nitrothiazole, vetranal(tm), analytical standard
HMS3652L17
J-007387
SW219579-1
SY038271
cl-5279;aminitrozole
BRD-K39467894-001-01-8
Q27272354
C72605
AS-56158
SCHEMBL22345094
EN300-7400817
Z223198462

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of metronidazole preparations was studied in comparison to that of nitazole in various dosage forms: solution, aerosol, suspension and suppository."	( [Antibacterial activity of some trichomonacidal agents]. Kalinichenko, NF; Liapunov, NA; Osolodchenko, TP; Starobinets, ZG, 1990)	0.28

Class	Description
aromatic amide	An amide in which the amide linkage is bonded directly to an aromatic system.
acetamides	Compounds with the general formula RNHC(=O)CH3.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.2341	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1188	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.4481	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743035
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.4971	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	33.4915	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224849
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	6.0012	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.6486	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (51)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1067357	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as cell viability after 48 hrs by SRB assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	2-acylamino-5-nitro-1,3-thiazoles: preparation and in vitro bioevaluation against four neglected protozoan parasites.
AID1067350	Antimicrobial activity against Giardia intestinalis IMSS:0696:1 incubated for 48 hrs followed by compound washout measured after 48 hrs	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	2-acylamino-5-nitro-1,3-thiazoles: preparation and in vitro bioevaluation against four neglected protozoan parasites.
AID1067349	Antimicrobial activity against Trichomonas vaginalis GT3 incubated for 48 hrs followed by compound washout measured after 48 hrs	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	2-acylamino-5-nitro-1,3-thiazoles: preparation and in vitro bioevaluation against four neglected protozoan parasites.
AID1067348	Antimicrobial activity against promastigote stage of Leishmania amazonensis IFLA/BR/67/PH-8 clinical isolate after 72 hrs by Neubauer chamber analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	2-acylamino-5-nitro-1,3-thiazoles: preparation and in vitro bioevaluation against four neglected protozoan parasites.
AID1514499	Anti-parasitic activity against wild type Trypanosoma brucei	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162	Thiazole, thio and semicarbazone derivatives against tropical infective diseases: Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, and malaria.
AID1194391	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 23, Issue:9	Synthesis of nitro(benzo)thiazole acetamides and in vitro antiprotozoal effect against amitochondriate parasites Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1067358	Antimicrobial activity against epimastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi MHOM/MX/1994/Ninoa clinical isolate after 72 hrs by Neubauer chamber analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	2-acylamino-5-nitro-1,3-thiazoles: preparation and in vitro bioevaluation against four neglected protozoan parasites.
AID1514502	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human THP1 cells to IC50 for Trypanosoma brucei overexpressing the type 1 nitroreductase	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162	Thiazole, thio and semicarbazone derivatives against tropical infective diseases: Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, and malaria.
AID1514501	Anti-parasitic activity against type 1 nitroreductase over-expressing Trypanosoma brucei	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162	Thiazole, thio and semicarbazone derivatives against tropical infective diseases: Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, and malaria.
AID1514500	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human SK-N-SH cells to IC50 for wild type Trypanosoma brucei	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 162	Thiazole, thio and semicarbazone derivatives against tropical infective diseases: Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, and malaria.
AID1194392	Inhibition of Giardia intestinalis fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase at 400 nM after 2 hrs by spectrophotometry	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 23, Issue:9	Synthesis of nitro(benzo)thiazole acetamides and in vitro antiprotozoal effect against amitochondriate parasites Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1194389	Trichomonicidal activity against Trichomonas vaginalis GT3 compound treated for 48 hrs followed by incubation for 48 hrs in compound-free medium by cell counting	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 23, Issue:9	Synthesis of nitro(benzo)thiazole acetamides and in vitro antiprotozoal effect against amitochondriate parasites Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1067355	Ratio of metronidazole IC50 to compound IC50 for Trichomonas vaginalis GT3	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	2-acylamino-5-nitro-1,3-thiazoles: preparation and in vitro bioevaluation against four neglected protozoan parasites.
AID1067356	Ratio of metronidazole IC50 to compound IC50 for Giardia intestinalis IMSS:0696:1	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 22, Issue:5	2-acylamino-5-nitro-1,3-thiazoles: preparation and in vitro bioevaluation against four neglected protozoan parasites.
AID1194390	Giardicidal activity against Giardia intestinalis IMSS:0696:1 compound treated for 48 hrs followed by incubation for 48 hrs in compound-free medium by cell counting	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 23, Issue:9	Synthesis of nitro(benzo)thiazole acetamides and in vitro antiprotozoal effect against amitochondriate parasites Giardia intestinalis and Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	17 (43.59)	18.7374
1990's	5 (12.82)	18.2507
2000's	1 (2.56)	29.6817
2010's	9 (23.08)	24.3611
2020's	7 (17.95)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	1 (2.38%)	5.53%
Reviews	3 (7.14%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	38 (90.48%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	3.39	1	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	1.93	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	3.11	5	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	1.96	1	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	3.39	1	1	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	1.96	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	1.93	1	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
2-amino-5-nitrothiazole 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.68	3	0	C-nitro compound; thiazoles
thiazoles [no description available]	7.87	24	1	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
6-methyluracil 6-methyluracil: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 6-methyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with a methyl group at position 6.	3.39	1	1	pyrimidone	metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.39	1	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.1	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	2.51	2	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
benzamido-2-nitro-5-thiazole [no description available]	2.1	1	0
olaquindox olaquindox: used in prevention of swine dysentary; growth promoting additive in pig feed; structure	1.96	1	0	quinoxaline derivative
decamethoxine decamethoxine: structure	1.98	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2h)-one 2-phenyl-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-(2H)-one: structure given in first source; sulfur analog of ebselen	3.31	1	0
tizoxanide tizoxanide: major metabolite of nitazoxanide; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	salicylamides
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.39	1	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
5-nitrothiazole 5-nitrothiazole: structure in first source	1.93	1	0
levomecol levomecol: used to treat maxillofacial phlegmons; contains levomycetin & methyluracil in a polyethylene glycol base	3.39	1	1
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	3.39	1	1
4-isopropylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: structure in first source	3.31	1	0
hachimycin hachimycin: major descriptor (78-85); on-line search ANTIBIOTICS, ANTIFUNGAL (66-85); Index Medicus search TRICHOMYCIN (63-77); HACHIMYCIN (78-85)	1.93	1	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	1.99	1	0
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	1.93	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	1.96	1	0
vitamin a, vitamin e, vitamin k3 drug combination vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K3 drug combination: consists of a mixture of vitamins A, E, and K3; effective in wound healing	3.39	1	1
carbadox Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)	1.96	1	0	quinoxaline derivative

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Histomoniasis [description not available]	3.46	2	0
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	3.12	1	0
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	3.12	1	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	3.12	1	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	3.12	1	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	3.12	1	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	3.12	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.25	1	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	3.92	1	0
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	3.92	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.92	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	3.92	1	0
Intra-Abdominal Infections [description not available]	2.62	3	0
Infections, Trichomonas [description not available]	3.54	9	0
Trichomoniasis, Human [description not available]	3.63	10	0
Trichomonas Infections Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.	3.54	9	0
Trichomonas Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.	3.63	10	0
Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.	3.63	10	0
Intraabdominal Infections Infection within the PERITONEAL CAVITY. A frequent cause is an ANASTOMOTIC LEAK following surgery.	2.62	3	0
Urethritis Inflammation involving the URETHRA. Similar to CYSTITIS, clinical symptoms range from vague discomfort to painful urination (DYSURIA), urethral discharge, or both.	2.33	2	0
Vulvovaginitis Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS.	2.34	2	0
Dysentery Acute inflammation of the intestine associated with infectious DIARRHEA of various etiologies, generally acquired by eating contaminated food containing TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL derived from BACTERIA or other microorganisms. Dysentery is characterized initially by watery FECES then by bloody mucoid stools. It is often associated with ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and DEHYDRATION.	1.96	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	1.96	1	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	3.79	2	1
Dental Focal Infection [description not available]	3.79	2	1
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	3.79	2	1
Abscess, Abdominal [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Abdominal Abscess An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	1.99	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Dental Diseases [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	3.39	1	1

nithiamide

Cross-References

Synonyms (123)

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (51)

Research

Studies (39)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 15.61

Study Types

nithiamide

Cross-References

Synonyms (123)

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (51)

Research

Studies (39)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 15.61

Study Types

Related Drugs (31)

Related Conditions (37)