isosorbide-2-mononitrate profile

Isosorbide-2-mononitrate, also known as ISMN, is a nitrate drug used primarily for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. It is a vasodilator that acts on the smooth muscles of blood vessels, causing relaxation and widening of the arteries. ISMN is typically administered orally, and its effects can last for several hours. The drug works by releasing nitric oxide (NO), which activates a signaling pathway that leads to relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. ISMN is generally well-tolerated but can cause side effects such as headache, dizziness, and hypotension. It is important to note that ISMN should not be used by patients with severe hypotension, narrow-angle glaucoma, or hypersensitivity to nitrates. ISMN is an important therapeutic agent for the management of angina and its related complications, and it is frequently studied in clinical trials to understand its efficacy and safety in different patient populations. The synthesis of ISMN involves a multi-step process that begins with the conversion of isosorbide to isosorbide dinitrate. This dinitrate is then selectively reduced to isosorbide-2-mononitrate using various reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride.'

isosorbide-2-mononitrate: for prevention & therapy of angina pectoris [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	62989
CHEMBL ID	1310
SCHEMBL ID	26782
MeSH ID	M0096188

Synonym
isosorbide 2-nitrate
1,4:3,6-dianhydro-d-glucitol 2-nitrate
isosorbide 2-mononitrate
2-ismn
glucitol, 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-, 2-nitrate, d-
einecs 240-271-4
1,4:3,6-dianhydrosorbitol 2-mononitrate
isosorbide-2-mononitrate
d-glucitol, 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-, 2-nitrate
NCGC00159334-03
[(3r,3ar,6s,6as)-3-hydroxy-2,3,3a,5,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-6-yl] nitrate
STK802159
1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2-o-nitro-d-glucitol
AKOS005622668
CHEMBL1310
unii-21bmf8fi0k
16106-20-0
21bmf8fi0k ,
6-nitrooxyhexahydro-furo[3,2-b]furan-3-ol
(3s,3as,6r,6ar)-6-hydroxyhexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3-yl nitrate
isosorbide mononitrate, diluted impurity c [ep impurity]
isosorbide dinitrate, diluted impurity b [ep impurity]
isosorbide nitrate
BBL024391
SCHEMBL26782
YWXYYJSYQOXTPL-JGWLITMVSA-N
J-009778
(3s,3as,6r)-6-hydroxyhexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3-yl nitrate
DTXSID40873331
AS-12114
Q27253548
isosorbide-2-nitrate
(3s,3as,6r,6ar)-6-hydroxy-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3-yl nitrate
1217781-04-8

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Pharmacokinetic modeling of the in vivo time-dependent hemodynamic effects further indicated that the blood compartment data were more consistent with a mechanism of mononitrate action that involves metabolic activation to form nitric oxide and cyclic GMP, rather than direct receptor activation."	( Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of the duration of vasodilating action of organic mononitrates in rats. Fung, HL; Tzeng, TB, 1992)	0.28
"A pharmacokinetic model is proposed to describe the plasma levels of isosorbidedinitrate (ISDN) and its two pharmacologically active metabolites, isosorbide-2-mononitrate (IS-2MN) and isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5MN), following the oral administration of several 20-mg sustained release formulations of ISDN."	( A pharmacokinetic model for isosorbidedinitrate, isosorbide-2-mononitrate, and isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Aldrich, W; Dey, M; Enever, R; Smith, D; Warner, R; Weierstall, R, )	0.59
" We found a wide variation of pharmacokinetic parameters (AUCss0-8 and t1/2) of ISDN, IS-2-N, and IS-5-N in our patients."	( Pharmacokinetics of isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide-2-nitrate and isosorbide-5-nitrate in renal insufficiency after repeated oral dosage. Boertz, A; Bonn, R; Cawello, W; Dickmans, HA; Evers, J; Weiss, M, 1989)	0.28
" On the other hand, perfect dose-linearity of all relevant pharmacokinetic parameters of all three measured isosorbide nitrates was observed for the 20 mg and the 40 mg dose of the capsule."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of isosorbide nitrates after repeated doses of sustained release isosorbide dinitrate. Laufen, H; Leitold, M; Wildfeuer, A, 1988)	0.27
" Pharmacokinetic calculations based on plasma concentrations should be viewed with caution, as the data on which these calculations are based are often very limited, and the very rapid disappearance of for example glyceryl trinitrate from plasma makes the choice of an appropriate kinetic model and exact calculations difficult."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of organic nitrates. Bogaert, MG, )	0.13
" These results provide an interesting example of divergent pharmacokinetic interactions exhibited by two isomeric metabolites."	( Isosorbide dinitrate disposition in the rat: metabolite pharmacokinetics and interactions. Fung, HL; Morrison, RA, 1984)	0.27
"The effect of isosorbide 2-mononitrate (IS-2-MN) was compared with that of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in rats regarding the antianginal, haemodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties."	( [Comparative antianginal, hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of isosorbide-2-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate in the rat]. Laufen, H; Leitold, M, 1983)	0.5
"The present comparative pharmacokinetic study performed to establish the relative bioavailability for an isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) retard preparation (Sorbidilat-retard) included 6 healthy, male and female volunteers."	( [Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites isosorbide 5- and 2-mononitrate from delayed-release preparations]. Degen, J; Geigenberger, A; Maier-Lenz, H, 1982)	0.26
" Isosorbide 5-mononitrate has been studied in its own right as an antianginal agent: it is completely absorbed after oral administration; it has a half-life of around 4 hours, and oral standard and controlled-release formulations have been extensively studied."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of nitrates. Bogaert, MG, 1994)	0.29
" And then this method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic investigation on isosorbide dinitrate oral spray in healthy volunteers."	( A simple and sensitive gas chromatography method for determination of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in human plasma: application to pharmacokinetics study on oral spray. Guo, J; Guo, R; Jiang, Z; Li, R; Sun, Z; Wei, C; Yuan, G; Zhang, R, 2014)	0.4

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The relative bioavailability of ISDN applied buccally, however, was more than twice that after oral application."	( [Pharmacokinetics of low-dose isosorbide dinitrate and metabolites after buccal or oral administration]. Keller-Stanislawski, B; Marschner, JP; Rietbrock, N, 1992)	0.28
" This model is of particular usefulness as a formulation tool in designing sustained release ISDN formulations of the type investigated here since the observed first-order absorption rate constant correlates well with the in vitro first-order dissolution rate constant."	( A pharmacokinetic model for isosorbidedinitrate, isosorbide-2-mononitrate, and isosorbide-5-mononitrate. Aldrich, W; Dey, M; Enever, R; Smith, D; Warner, R; Weierstall, R, )	0.39
" In terms of areas under the curve, the mean bioavailability of the 40 mg sustained release capsule relative to the reference formulation was 198% with respect to ISDN, and 197% both with respect to IS-2-N and IS-5-N."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of isosorbide nitrates after repeated doses of sustained release isosorbide dinitrate. Laufen, H; Leitold, M; Wildfeuer, A, 1988)	0.27
"The relative bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and its mononitrate metabolites (IS-2-MN, IS-5-MN) was determined under repetitive dose conditions in 8 healthy volunteers using a randomised, crossover design."	( [Bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide-5-mononitrate under steady-state conditions]. Knoll, J; Menke, G; Merz, PG; Rietbrock, N, 1985)	0.27
" Significant advances in nitrate formulations and delivery systems have been made in providing better bioavailability and sustained plasma concentrations of these drugs."	( Nitrate formulations and drug delivery systems--an overview. Fung, HL, 1985)	0.27
"We studied the kinetics of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) after a dose of 5 mg iv and the bioavailability of a sublingual and an oral preparation of ISDN."	( Isosorbide dinitrate bioavailability, kinetics, and metabolism. Galeazzi, RL; Straehl, P, 1985)	0.27
" After oral administration, plasma concentrations are very low; with sublingual or cutaneous administration, higher plasma concentrations can be obtained, suggesting a high first-pass extraction after oral administration, but quantitative data on bioavailability are lacking."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of organic nitrates. Bogaert, MG, )	0.13
" At a dose of 2 mg/kg, the oral bioavailability of ISDN was found to be about 40%."	( Isosorbide dinitrate disposition in the rat: metabolite pharmacokinetics and interactions. Fung, HL; Morrison, RA, 1984)	0.27
"Plasma concentrations and bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) and its active metabolites isosorbide 2-mononitrate (2-ISMN) and isosorbide 5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) from two sustained-release formulations and one standard-release formulation of isosorbide dinitrate were compared."	( Bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate and its two mononitrate metabolites from sustained-release formulations. Chasseaud, LF; Darragh, A; Doyle, E; Lambe, RF; Taylor, T, 1983)	0.27
" The bioavailability of IS-2-MN in the rat was 100%."	( [Comparative antianginal, hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of isosorbide-2-mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate in the rat]. Laufen, H; Leitold, M, 1983)	0.5
"The present comparative pharmacokinetic study performed to establish the relative bioavailability for an isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) retard preparation (Sorbidilat-retard) included 6 healthy, male and female volunteers."	( [Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites isosorbide 5- and 2-mononitrate from delayed-release preparations]. Degen, J; Geigenberger, A; Maier-Lenz, H, 1982)	0.26
" The relative bioavailability with respect to a reference preparation for AUC related to isosorbide dinitrate was 107."	( [Study of the bioequivalence of a new isosorbide dinitrate tablet formulation compared with the standard preparation]. Buchberger, D; Häring, N; Läuter, J; Metzner, JE, 1997)	0.3

Dosage Studied

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Rats dosed orally with isosorbide dinitrate (1 mg kg-1) were exposed to smoke from standard and nicotine-reduced cigarettes for 8 min using a smoking machine."	( Influence of standard and nicotine-reduced cigarette smoke on plasma concentrations of isosorbide dinitrate and its metabolites in rats. Araki, Y; Furuno, K; Gomita, Y, 1991)	0.28
" To assess their antiplatelet properties in vivo and to compare time and dosage requirements, we infused both IS-2-MN and IS-5-MN for 30 minutes, on 2 separate days, into nine patients with stable coronary artery disease, at rates of 4 mg/hr (n = 4) and 8 mg/hr (n = 5)."	( Inhibition of platelet function during in vivo infusion of isosorbide mononitrates: relationship between plasma drug concentration and hemodynamic effects. Bernini, W; De Caterina, R; Giannessi, D; Lazzerini, G; Lombardi, M; Mazzone, A; Moscarelli, E; Weiss, M, 1990)	0.28
" At the studied dosage there was a linear relationship between dose and serum concentration of ISDN and its two metabolites in the proportion of 1:6:70."	( [Dose-dependent serum concentration of ISDN and its metabolites following administration of ISDN-retard. Studies under steady-state conditions]. Burkhardt, H; Deuster, U; Loew, D; Rietbrock, N, 1986)	0.27
" New dosing modes involving nitrate-free intervals appear to hold promise in avoiding the occurrence of tolerance."	( Nitrate formulations and drug delivery systems--an overview. Fung, HL, 1985)	0.27
" ISDN bioavailability after oral (10 mg) or sublingual dosing (10 mg) was similar (about 29%), indicating that the first-pass effect cannot be avoided by sublingual ISDN dosing."	( Isosorbide dinitrate bioavailability, kinetics, and metabolism. Galeazzi, RL; Straehl, P, 1985)	0.27
" The log dose-response curve of ISDN in rabbit aortic rings was constructed in the absence and presence of three fixed concentrations of 5-ISMN (5 X 10(-6), 10(-5), and 3 X 10(-5) M)."	( Effect of 5-isosorbide mononitrate on isosorbide dinitrate-induced relaxation of rabbit aortic rings. Bennett, BM; Brien, JF; Marks, GS; Nakatsu, K; Tam, GS; Van Alstyne, K, 1984)	0.27
" It was concluded that the transdermal dosage form of ISDN, which possesses a more prolonged pharmacologic effect than the oral dosage form, may be useful in the prevention and cure of angina pectoris."	( [Hemodynamic effects of a transdermal formulation of isosorbide dinitrate and its pharmacokinetics in conscious dogs]. Kimura, T; Kogi, K; Saito, T; Tanaka, O, 1982)	0.26

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	50 (66.67)	18.7374
1990's	18 (24.00)	18.2507
2000's	2 (2.67)	29.6817
2010's	5 (6.67)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	13 (16.25%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (7.50%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	61 (76.25%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.04	1	0	alkane	xenobiotic
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	5.52	9	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.96	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	1.98	1	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	1.96	1	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
chloral hydrate [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound	general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	1.96	1	0	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	1.96	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	6.07	10	0	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pentoxifylline [no description available]	2.04	1	0	oxopurine
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
tropicamide Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.	2.04	1	0	acetamides
urapidil [no description available]	1.96	1	0	piperazines
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	1.97	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
trichloroacetaldehyde trichloroacetaldehyde : An organochlorine compound that consists of acetaldehyde where all the methyl hydrogens are replaced by chloro groups.	1.98	1	0	aldehyde; organochlorine compound	mouse metabolite
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	11.6	74	12	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.04	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	2.04	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.04	1	0	alkane
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.04	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	2.04	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)	1.96	1	0	phthalazines
dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.	1.96	1	0	ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative	dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug	11.16	63	11	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
propildazine propildazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym ISF 2123 refers to di-HCl; structure	1.96	1	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	1.97	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	1.97	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
lypressin Lypressin: The porcine antidiuretic hormone (VASOPRESSINS). It is a cyclic nonapeptide that differs from ARG-VASOPRESSIN by one amino acid, containing a LYSINE at residue 8 instead of an ARGININE. Lys-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.	1.96	1	0	cyclic peptide
teopranitol [no description available]	1.97	1	0
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	1.97	1	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	5.01	5	2	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	1.97	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
agn 191659 AGN 191659: a retinoid x receptor pan-agonist; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	1.98	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.41	2	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	3.32	2	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.11	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.04	1	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	6.9	6	3
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	6.9	6	3
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	5.77	8	3
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	5.77	8	3
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	1.96	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	1.96	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2	1	0
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	2	1	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	2	1	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	3.36	1	1
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	3.36	1	1
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	3.36	1	1
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	3.36	1	1
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	1.97	1	0

isosorbide-2-mononitrate

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (34)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (1)

Research

Studies (75)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.96

Study Types

isosorbide-2-mononitrate

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (34)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (1)

Research

Studies (75)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 9.96

Study Types

Related Drugs (38)

Related Conditions (22)