Page last updated: 2024-10-24

polysaccharide binding

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Binding to a polysaccharide, a polymer of many (typically more than 10) monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. [GOC:mah]

Polysaccharide binding refers to the specific interaction of proteins, enzymes, or other molecules with polysaccharides. These interactions are crucial for a wide range of biological processes, including:

* **Cell adhesion and recognition:** Polysaccharide binding proteins mediate cell-cell interactions and adhesion to extracellular matrices.
* **Immune response:** Polysaccharides on the surface of pathogens are recognized by immune cells through polysaccharide-binding proteins, triggering immune responses.
* **Nutrient uptake and metabolism:** Polysaccharide binding proteins facilitate the uptake and breakdown of polysaccharides as energy sources.
* **Signal transduction:** Polysaccharide binding can initiate signaling cascades, regulating cellular processes.
* **Structural integrity:** Polysaccharides provide structural support in tissues and organisms, and their interaction with proteins is crucial for maintaining this structure.

The specific molecular function of polysaccharide binding depends on the involved molecules and their binding sites. Generally, these interactions involve non-covalent bonds, such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions. The affinity and specificity of these interactions are determined by the shape, charge, and chemical properties of the binding sites.

Polysaccharide binding proteins often have specific domains or motifs that are dedicated to recognizing and interacting with specific polysaccharide structures. These domains can bind to a variety of polysaccharides, including:

* **Glycogen:** A branched polymer of glucose, important for energy storage.
* **Chitin:** A linear polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, found in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans.
* **Cellulose:** A linear polymer of glucose, found in plant cell walls.
* **Hyaluronic acid:** A linear polymer of alternating glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, a major component of extracellular matrices.
* **Heparin:** A highly sulfated polysaccharide, involved in blood clotting and other processes.

The study of polysaccharide binding is crucial for understanding the complex interactions between biomolecules and the roles they play in a wide range of biological processes.'
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Proteins (3)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13822]Homo sapiens (human)
Glycogen debranching enzymeA glycogen debranching enzyme that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P35573]Homo sapiens (human)
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P22413]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (30)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
evans blueEvans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.

Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.
organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
congo redCongo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.

Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.
bis(azo) compound
1-deoxynojirimycin1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source

duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.
2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid
anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
miglustatmiglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.

miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound
anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
benzeneboronic acidboronic acids
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphatealpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpdnucleoside triphosphate analogue
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphatenucleoside diphosphate analogue
3-aminobenzeneboronic acid
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first sourcepurine ribonucleoside triphosphate
methylthio-adp
2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine: structure given in first sourcedihydroxypyrrolidine
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol1,4-dideoxy-1,4-iminoarabinitol: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha))-isomer; structure given in first source
dioctanoylphosphatidic aciddioctanoylphosphatidic acid: structure given in first source1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate;
octanoate ester
migalastatmigalastat: a potent inhibitor of glycolipid biosynthesispiperidines
4-methoxyphenylboronic acid4-methoxyphenylboronic acid: structure in first source
2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-d-glucitol2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-glucitol: structure in first source
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol
Reactive blue 2anthraquinone
2-methylthio-atp2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source
lysophosphatidic acid1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.

lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class.

lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd
1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
ubistatin aubistatin A: inhibits cyclin B proteolysis and degradation of ubiquitinated Sic1; structure in first source
adenosine 5'-diphosphate 2',3'-dialdehyde
salacinolsalacinol: a sulfated thiosugar from Salacia reticulata (CELASTRACEAE); structure in first source
n-(5-adamantane-1-yl-methoxy-pentyl)deoxynojirimycin
ursodoxicoltaurinetauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.

tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.
bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
arl-671566-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP: an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase
l-altro-1-deoxynojirimycinL-altro-1-deoxynojirimycin: structure in first source
pf 8380
neosalacinol
ono-8430506ONO-8430506: an autotaxin inhibitor; structure in first source