pradofloxacin and Bacterial-Infections

Pradofloxacin is a novel third-generation oral veterinary fluoroquinolone with activity against Gram-positive aerobic bacteria and anaerobes (lower minimum inhibitory concentrations in vitro). It also has activity against other bacterial species, including Bartonella henselae, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, extra-intestinal Escherichia coli, and some mycobacterial species. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the mechanism of action, adverse effects, clinical applications, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of pradofloxacin in cats.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cat Diseases; Cats; Fluoroquinolones

Pradofloxacin is a new veterinary 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone developed for use against bacterial infections in dogs and cats involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The minimal bactericidal concentrations have been determined against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus canis, Proteus spp., Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella species. A subset of these species was selected, and the in vitro rate of kill by pradofloxacin was determined. For 27 of the 30 tested aerobic strains the pradofloxacin MBC was within two doubling dilutions of the MIC. For the remaining strains, the MIC and MBC were within three to four doubling dilutions. Pradofloxacin also demonstrated bactericidal activity against all anaerobic strains, and the MBC was equal to the MIC for four of the strains, within 1 doubling dilution for three strains, within 2 dilutions for a further 3 strains and within 3 dilutions for the remaining five strains. As pradofloxacin concentration was increased, a faster rate of killing was observed; bactericidal effects were seen in all cases at concentrations ≤ 0.25 μg/mL. The bactericidal activity against the anaerobic strains was marked, of particular relevance was the complete absence of regrowth even at 48 h at concentrations as low as 0.125 μg/mL. In conclusion, pradofloxacin exhibits clear bactericidal activity in terms of MBC and kill kinetics against aerobic and anaerobic clinical isolates from dogs and cats at concentrations that are greatly exceeded within the systemic circulation after administration of the recommended therapeutic doses to the target animals. It is expected that such a rapid rate of kill will play a significant role in clinical efficacy. These data demonstrate the complete and rapid killing of anaerobic bacteria by a veterinary 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Cats; Dogs; Fluoroquinolones; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

To compare the intrinsic activity of pradofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone developed for use in veterinary medicine, with other fluoroquinolones, against anaerobic bacteria isolated from dogs and cats.. One hundred and forty-one anaerobes were isolated from dogs and cats and comparative MICs of pradofloxacin, marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, difloxacin and ibafloxacin were determined according to standardized agar dilution methodology.. Pradofloxacin exerted the greatest antibacterial activity followed by marbofloxacin, enrofloxacin, difloxacin and ibafloxacin. Based on the distinctly lower MIC(50), MIC(90) and mode MIC values, pradofloxacin exhibited a higher in vitro activity than any of the comparator fluoroquinolones.. Pradofloxacin, a novel third-generation fluoroquinolone, has broad-spectrum anti-anaerobe activity and offers utility as single-drug therapy for mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Fluoroquinolones; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure