| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine | cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite |
formamide
formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2. | 7.05 | 1 | 0 | carboximidic acid;
formamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound | solvent |
glycine
[no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical |
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 6.95 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity | antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite |
delta(1)-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid
delta(1)-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid: proposed intermediate in pathway of lysine metabolism. 1-piperideine-2-carboxylic acid zwitterion : A zwitterion resulting from the transfer of a proton from the carboxy group to the nitrogen of 1-piperideine-2-carboxylic acid | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
zwitterion | |
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | cofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt | fertilizer |
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector |
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2 | 1 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan | antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
diquat
Diquat: A contact herbicide used also to produce desiccation and defoliation. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). diquat : The organic cation formed formally by addition of an ethylene bridge between the nitrogen atoms of 2,2'-bipyridine. Most often available as the dibromide. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic cation | defoliant;
herbicide |
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. | 2 | 1 | 0 | indazole | |
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector;
herbicide |
4-hydroxypyrimidine
4(3H)-pyrimidinone: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | | |
ferric chloride
ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | iron coordination entity | astringent;
Lewis acid |
fluorides
[no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine | |
dibromothymoquinone
Dibromothymoquinone: At low concentrations, this compound inhibits reduction of conventional hydrophilic electron acceptors, probably acting as a plastoquinone antagonist. At higher concentrations, it acts as an electron acceptor, intercepting electrons either before or at the site of its inhibitory activity. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | cytochrome-b6f complex inhibitor |
lumiflavin
lumiflavin : A compound showing yellow-green fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in alkaline solution. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | flavin | |
indazole-3-carboxylic acid
indazole-3-carboxylic acid: derivatives of above cpd are often antispermatogenic agents | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
tricine
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.15 at 20 degreeC. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | tricine | |
3,4-dehydroproline
3,4-dehydroproline: RN given refers to cpd without stereoisomeric designation | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
5-deaza-fmn
[no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | | |
flavin semiquinone
flavin semiquinone: chromophore found in methanol oxidase | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
tryptophan methyl ester
tryptophan methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd(DL)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | biotins;
vitamin B7 | coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
1-deaza-fad
1-deaza-FAD: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; cpd not in Chemline 7/14/83 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | | |
sodium sulfide
sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
desthiobiotin
desthiobiotin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (4R,5S)-dethiobiotin : The (4R,5S)-isomer of dethiobiotin. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dethiobiotin | |
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 4.47 | 23 | 0 | flavin;
vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite |
potassium fluoride
potassium fluoride : A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | fluoride salt;
potassium salt | NMR chemical shift reference compound;
poison |
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2 | cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group |
nadp
[no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | | |
anthraquinone sulfonate
anthraquinone sulfonate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified acid locant | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | | |
antimycin a
Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
nikkomycin
[no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | | |
flavin mononucleotide
Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | | |
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor |
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | | |