Page last updated: 2024-10-24

phospholipase activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid. [ISBN:0198506732]

Phospholipase activity refers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids, which are major components of cell membranes. This process involves the cleavage of a phospholipid molecule into two products: a diacylglycerol (DAG) and a polar head group. Phospholipases play crucial roles in various cellular functions, including:

- **Signal transduction:** The products of phospholipid hydrolysis, DAG and inositol triphosphate (IP3), act as second messengers in signal transduction pathways, mediating cellular responses to external stimuli.

- **Membrane remodeling:** Phospholipases contribute to the dynamic reshaping of cell membranes, allowing for changes in membrane composition and fluidity.

- **Lipid metabolism:** They participate in the breakdown and release of fatty acids from phospholipids, contributing to the overall metabolism of lipids in cells.

- **Immune response:** Certain phospholipases, like phospholipase A2, are involved in inflammation and the immune response by releasing arachidonic acid, a precursor for inflammatory mediators.

- **Apoptosis:** Phospholipases are implicated in programmed cell death (apoptosis), contributing to the breakdown of cell membranes and the release of apoptotic signaling molecules.

There are different types of phospholipases, each with a specific cleavage site on the phospholipid molecule. This specificity allows for precise regulation of phospholipid metabolism and diverse cellular functions. For example, phospholipase A2 cleaves the fatty acid at position 2 of the glycerol backbone, while phospholipase C hydrolyzes the bond between the phosphate group and the diacylglycerol moiety.

Overall, phospholipase activity is a highly regulated process that is essential for a wide range of cellular functions.'
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Proteins (8)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Endothelial lipaseAn endothelial lipase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9Y5X9]Homo sapiens (human)
Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6A monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9BV23]Homo sapiens (human)
Lysophosphatidylserine lipase ABHD12A lysophosphatidylserine lipase ABHD12 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8N2K0]Homo sapiens (human)
Hepatic triacylglycerol lipaseA hepatic triacylglycerol lipase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P11150]Homo sapiens (human)
Lipoprotein lipaseA lipoprotein lipase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P06858]Homo sapiens (human)
Phosphatidylserine lipase ABHD16AA phosphatidylserine lipase ABHD16A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O95870]Homo sapiens (human)
Acyl-protein thioesterase 1An acyl-protein thioesterase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O75608]Homo sapiens (human)
Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2A group 10 secretory phospholipase A2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O15496]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (16)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
benzo(b)thiophene-2-boronic acidbenzo(b)thiophene-2-boronic acid: inhibits AmpC beta-lactamase; structure in first source
1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipasecarbamate ester;
organonitrogen compound
dronabinolDelta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.

Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.
benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide
cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
benzeneboronic acidboronic acids
3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone3-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone: a pesticide synergist; inhibits juvenile hormone esterase
1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl-boronic acid
varespladibaromatic ether;
benzenes;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
primary carboxamide
anti-inflammatory drug;
antidote;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor
nutlin 3stilbenoid
orlistatorlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.

Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.
beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
amentoflavonebiflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone;
ring assembly
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
ochnaflavoneochnaflavone : A biflavonoid with an ether linkage between the B-rings of the apigenin and luteolin subunits. It has been isolated from several members of the Ochnaceae plant family.

ochnaflavone: from Lonicera japonica; structure given in first source
aromatic ether;
biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavone
anti-inflammatory agent;
antiatherogenic agent;
antibacterial agent;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
plant metabolite
ym 26734YM 26734: inhibits group II phospholipase A2; structure given in first source
indoxamindoxam: structure in first source
palmostatin bpalmostatin B: inhibits acyl protein thioesterase 1; structure in first source
palmostatin mpalmostatin M: inhibits acyl protein thioesterases 1 and 2; structure in first source
xen445